Table 1 Open in new tab Patient...

	All patients	Leucopoenia—never	Leucopoenia—ever	P-value
Demographics
Age at enrolment, median (IQR), years	39 (30, 50)	41 (31, 52)	38 (29, 48)	<0.001
Age at SLE diagnosis, median (IQR), years	29 (21, 39)	30 (22, 41)	28 (21, 37)	0.002
Disease duration, median (IQR), years	8 (3, 14)	8 (3, 14)	7 (3, 13)	0.07
Study observation period, median (IQR), years	2.3 (1.0, 3.5)	2.1 (0.7, 3.4)	2.6 (1.6, 3.7)	<0.001
No. of visits, median (IQR)	7 (4, 11)	5 (3, 9)	9 (5, 12)	<0.001
Visits per study years, median (IQR)	3.8 (2.6, 4.7)	3.6 (2.4, 4.7)	4.0 (2.9, 4.7)	<0.001
Asian ethnicity, n (%)	2055 (89)	1173 (90)	882 (88)	0.09
Females, n (%)	2171 (93)	1218 (93)	953 (94)	0.4
Current smoker at enrolment, n (%)	113 (5.3)	65 (5.6)	48 (4.9)	0.5
Family history of SLE, n (%)	177 (8.3)	104 (9.0)	73 (7.5)	0.2
Tertiary education, n (%)	1069 (48)	609 (49)	460 (47)	0.3
Serology, n (%)
Low complement (C3/C4)	1767 (76)	889 (68)	878 (87)	<0.001
Anti-dsDNA positivity	1406 (61)	698 (53)	708 (70)	<0.001
ESR ≥25	1280 (62)	636 (56)	644 (69)	<0.001
Medications use ever^a, n (%)
Prednisolone	1989 (85)	1042 (79)	947 (93)	<0.001
TAM prednisolone, median (IQR), mg/d	5.3 (2.5, 9.4)	5.0 (1.1, 7.8)	7.3 (4.4, 10.3)	<0.001
Anti-malarial drugs	1734 (74)	1002 (76)	732 (72)	0.014
HCQ	1612 (69)	933 (71)	679 (68)	0.020
Chloroquine	167 (7.1)	92 (7.0)	74 (7.3)	0.8
Immunosuppressants	1661 (71)	831 (63)	830 (82)	<0.001
Mycophenolate	820 (35)	403 (31)	417 (41)	<0.001
Mycophenolic acid	132 (5.7)	60 (4.6)	72 (7.1)	0.010
AZA	688 (30)	317 (24)	371 (36)	<0.001
Ciclosporin	170 (7.3)	78 (5.9)	92 (9.0)	0.004
MTX	166 (7.1)	84 (6.4)	82 (8.1)	0.12
Tacrolimus	88 (3.8)	35 (2.7)	53 (5.2)	0.001
LEF	66 (2.8)	29 (2.2)	37 (3.6)	0.040
Mizoribine	13 (0.5)	3 (0.2)	10 (1.0)	0.015
CYC	229 (11)	96 (8.2)	133 (14)	<0.001
Biologics (any) ever	76 (3.3)	20 (1.5)	56 (5.5)	<0.001
Rituximab	50 (2.4)	12 (1.0)	38 (4.0)	<0.001
Belimumab	31 (1.5)	9 (0.8)	22 (2.3)	0.003
Clinical indicators
TAM SLEDAI-2K, median (IQR)	3.1 (1.5, 5.1)	2.5 (1.0, 4.5)	3.7 (2.0, 5.8)	<0.001
SLEDAI ≥ 6 ever, n (%)	1196 (51)	584 (44)	612 (60)	<0.001
TAM PGA, median (IQR)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.5 (0.3, 0.9)	<0.001
Mild/moderate/severe flare ever^a, n (%)	1257 (54)	606 (46)	651 (64)	<0.001
Baseline organ damage present (SDI > 0 at recruitment), n (%)	916 (39)	517 (39)	399 (39)	0.9
Damage accrual during study period, n (%)	332 (14)	154 (12)	178 (18)	<0.001
Achieved LLDAS ever^a, n (%)	1697 (73)	1004 (77)	693 (68)	<0.001
Percentage time spent in LLDAS during study period, median (IQR)	44.6 (0, 76.9)	50.5 (8.5, 88.3)	28.9 (0, 58.3)	<0.001

All patients

Leucopoenia—never

Leucopoenia—ever

P-value

(n = 2330)

(n = 1312)

(n = 1018)

Demographics

Age at enrolment, median (IQR), years

39 (30, 50)

41 (31, 52)

38 (29, 48)

<0.001

Age at SLE diagnosis, median (IQR), years

29 (21, 39)

30 (22, 41)

28 (21, 37)

0.002

Disease duration, median (IQR), years

8 (3, 14)

7 (3, 13)

0.07

Study observation period, median (IQR), years

2.3 (1.0, 3.5)

2.1 (0.7, 3.4)

2.6 (1.6, 3.7)

<0.001

No. of visits, median (IQR)

7 (4, 11)

5 (3, 9)

9 (5, 12)

<0.001

Visits per study years, median (IQR)

3.8 (2.6, 4.7)

3.6 (2.4, 4.7)

4.0 (2.9, 4.7)

<0.001

Asian ethnicity, n (%)

2055 (89)

1173 (90)

882 (88)

0.09

Females, n (%)

2171 (93)

1218 (93)

953 (94)

0.4

Current smoker at enrolment, n (%)

113 (5.3)

65 (5.6)

48 (4.9)

0.5

Family history of SLE, n (%)

177 (8.3)

104 (9.0)

73 (7.5)

0.2

Tertiary education, n (%)

1069 (48)

609 (49)

460 (47)

0.3

Serology, n (%)

Low complement (C3/C4)

1767 (76)

889 (68)

878 (87)

<0.001

Anti-dsDNA positivity

1406 (61)

698 (53)

708 (70)

<0.001

ESR ≥25

1280 (62)

636 (56)

644 (69)

<0.001

Medications use ever^a, n (%)

Prednisolone

1989 (85)

1042 (79)

947 (93)

<0.001

TAM prednisolone, median (IQR), mg/d

5.3 (2.5, 9.4)

5.0 (1.1, 7.8)

7.3 (4.4, 10.3)

<0.001

Anti-malarial drugs

1734 (74)

1002 (76)

732 (72)

0.014

HCQ

1612 (69)

933 (71)

679 (68)

0.020

Chloroquine

167 (7.1)

92 (7.0)

74 (7.3)

0.8

Immunosuppressants

1661 (71)

831 (63)

830 (82)

<0.001

Mycophenolate

820 (35)

403 (31)

417 (41)

<0.001

Mycophenolic acid

132 (5.7)

60 (4.6)

72 (7.1)

0.010

AZA

688 (30)

317 (24)

371 (36)

<0.001

Ciclosporin

170 (7.3)

78 (5.9)

92 (9.0)

0.004

MTX

166 (7.1)

84 (6.4)

82 (8.1)

0.12

Tacrolimus

88 (3.8)

35 (2.7)

53 (5.2)

0.001

LEF

66 (2.8)

29 (2.2)

37 (3.6)

0.040

Mizoribine

13 (0.5)

3 (0.2)

10 (1.0)

0.015

CYC

229 (11)

96 (8.2)

133 (14)

<0.001

Biologics (any) ever

76 (3.3)

20 (1.5)

56 (5.5)

<0.001

Rituximab

50 (2.4)

12 (1.0)

38 (4.0)

<0.001

Belimumab

31 (1.5)

9 (0.8)

22 (2.3)

0.003

Clinical indicators

TAM SLEDAI-2K, median (IQR)

3.1 (1.5, 5.1)

2.5 (1.0, 4.5)

3.7 (2.0, 5.8)

<0.001

SLEDAI ≥ 6 ever, n (%)

1196 (51)

584 (44)

612 (60)

<0.001

TAM PGA, median (IQR)

0.4 (0.2, 0.8)

0.5 (0.3, 0.9)

<0.001

Mild/moderate/severe flare ever^a, n (%)

1257 (54)

606 (46)

651 (64)

<0.001

Baseline organ damage present

(SDI > 0 at recruitment), n (%)

916 (39)

517 (39)

399 (39)

0.9

Damage accrual during study period, n (%)

332 (14)

154 (12)

178 (18)

<0.001

Achieved LLDAS ever^a, n (%)

1697 (73)

1004 (77)

693 (68)

<0.001

Percentage time spent in LLDAS during study period, median (IQR)

44.6

(0, 76.9)

50.5

(8.5, 88.3)

28.9

(0, 58.3)

<0.001

	All patients	Leucopoenia—never	Leucopoenia—ever	P-value
Demographics
Age at enrolment, median (IQR), years	39 (30, 50)	41 (31, 52)	38 (29, 48)	<0.001
Age at SLE diagnosis, median (IQR), years	29 (21, 39)	30 (22, 41)	28 (21, 37)	0.002
Disease duration, median (IQR), years	8 (3, 14)	8 (3, 14)	7 (3, 13)	0.07
Study observation period, median (IQR), years	2.3 (1.0, 3.5)	2.1 (0.7, 3.4)	2.6 (1.6, 3.7)	<0.001
No. of visits, median (IQR)	7 (4, 11)	5 (3, 9)	9 (5, 12)	<0.001
Visits per study years, median (IQR)	3.8 (2.6, 4.7)	3.6 (2.4, 4.7)	4.0 (2.9, 4.7)	<0.001
Asian ethnicity, n (%)	2055 (89)	1173 (90)	882 (88)	0.09
Females, n (%)	2171 (93)	1218 (93)	953 (94)	0.4
Current smoker at enrolment, n (%)	113 (5.3)	65 (5.6)	48 (4.9)	0.5
Family history of SLE, n (%)	177 (8.3)	104 (9.0)	73 (7.5)	0.2
Tertiary education, n (%)	1069 (48)	609 (49)	460 (47)	0.3
Serology, n (%)
Low complement (C3/C4)	1767 (76)	889 (68)	878 (87)	<0.001
Anti-dsDNA positivity	1406 (61)	698 (53)	708 (70)	<0.001
ESR ≥25	1280 (62)	636 (56)	644 (69)	<0.001
Medications use ever^a, n (%)
Prednisolone	1989 (85)	1042 (79)	947 (93)	<0.001
TAM prednisolone, median (IQR), mg/d	5.3 (2.5, 9.4)	5.0 (1.1, 7.8)	7.3 (4.4, 10.3)	<0.001
Anti-malarial drugs	1734 (74)	1002 (76)	732 (72)	0.014
HCQ	1612 (69)	933 (71)	679 (68)	0.020
Chloroquine	167 (7.1)	92 (7.0)	74 (7.3)	0.8
Immunosuppressants	1661 (71)	831 (63)	830 (82)	<0.001
Mycophenolate	820 (35)	403 (31)	417 (41)	<0.001
Mycophenolic acid	132 (5.7)	60 (4.6)	72 (7.1)	0.010
AZA	688 (30)	317 (24)	371 (36)	<0.001
Ciclosporin	170 (7.3)	78 (5.9)	92 (9.0)	0.004
MTX	166 (7.1)	84 (6.4)	82 (8.1)	0.12
Tacrolimus	88 (3.8)	35 (2.7)	53 (5.2)	0.001
LEF	66 (2.8)	29 (2.2)	37 (3.6)	0.040
Mizoribine	13 (0.5)	3 (0.2)	10 (1.0)	0.015
CYC	229 (11)	96 (8.2)	133 (14)	<0.001
Biologics (any) ever	76 (3.3)	20 (1.5)	56 (5.5)	<0.001
Rituximab	50 (2.4)	12 (1.0)	38 (4.0)	<0.001
Belimumab	31 (1.5)	9 (0.8)	22 (2.3)	0.003
Clinical indicators
TAM SLEDAI-2K, median (IQR)	3.1 (1.5, 5.1)	2.5 (1.0, 4.5)	3.7 (2.0, 5.8)	<0.001
SLEDAI ≥ 6 ever, n (%)	1196 (51)	584 (44)	612 (60)	<0.001
TAM PGA, median (IQR)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.5 (0.3, 0.9)	<0.001
Mild/moderate/severe flare ever^a, n (%)	1257 (54)	606 (46)	651 (64)	<0.001
Baseline organ damage present (SDI > 0 at recruitment), n (%)	916 (39)	517 (39)	399 (39)	0.9
Damage accrual during study period, n (%)	332 (14)	154 (12)	178 (18)	<0.001
Achieved LLDAS ever^a, n (%)	1697 (73)	1004 (77)	693 (68)	<0.001
Percentage time spent in LLDAS during study period, median (IQR)	44.6 (0, 76.9)	50.5 (8.5, 88.3)	28.9 (0, 58.3)	<0.001

All patients

Leucopoenia—never

Leucopoenia—ever

P-value

(n = 2330)

(n = 1312)

(n = 1018)

Demographics

Age at enrolment, median (IQR), years

39 (30, 50)

41 (31, 52)

38 (29, 48)

<0.001

Age at SLE diagnosis, median (IQR), years

29 (21, 39)

30 (22, 41)

28 (21, 37)

0.002

Disease duration, median (IQR), years

8 (3, 14)

7 (3, 13)

0.07

Study observation period, median (IQR), years

2.3 (1.0, 3.5)

2.1 (0.7, 3.4)

2.6 (1.6, 3.7)

<0.001

No. of visits, median (IQR)

7 (4, 11)

5 (3, 9)

9 (5, 12)

<0.001

Visits per study years, median (IQR)

3.8 (2.6, 4.7)

3.6 (2.4, 4.7)

4.0 (2.9, 4.7)

<0.001

Asian ethnicity, n (%)

2055 (89)

1173 (90)

882 (88)

0.09

Females, n (%)

2171 (93)

1218 (93)

953 (94)

0.4

Current smoker at enrolment, n (%)

113 (5.3)

65 (5.6)

48 (4.9)

0.5

Family history of SLE, n (%)

177 (8.3)

104 (9.0)

73 (7.5)

0.2

Tertiary education, n (%)

1069 (48)

609 (49)

460 (47)

0.3

Serology, n (%)

Low complement (C3/C4)

1767 (76)

889 (68)

878 (87)

<0.001

Anti-dsDNA positivity

1406 (61)

698 (53)

708 (70)

<0.001

ESR ≥25

1280 (62)

636 (56)

644 (69)

<0.001

Medications use ever^a, n (%)

Prednisolone

1989 (85)

1042 (79)

947 (93)

<0.001

TAM prednisolone, median (IQR), mg/d

5.3 (2.5, 9.4)

5.0 (1.1, 7.8)

7.3 (4.4, 10.3)

<0.001

Anti-malarial drugs

1734 (74)

1002 (76)

732 (72)

0.014

HCQ

1612 (69)

933 (71)

679 (68)

0.020

Chloroquine

167 (7.1)

92 (7.0)

74 (7.3)

0.8

Immunosuppressants

1661 (71)

831 (63)

830 (82)

<0.001

Mycophenolate

820 (35)

403 (31)

417 (41)

<0.001

Mycophenolic acid

132 (5.7)

60 (4.6)

72 (7.1)

0.010

AZA

688 (30)

317 (24)

371 (36)

<0.001

Ciclosporin

170 (7.3)

78 (5.9)

92 (9.0)

0.004

MTX

166 (7.1)

84 (6.4)

82 (8.1)

0.12

Tacrolimus

88 (3.8)

35 (2.7)

53 (5.2)

0.001

LEF

66 (2.8)

29 (2.2)

37 (3.6)

0.040

Mizoribine

13 (0.5)

3 (0.2)

10 (1.0)

0.015

CYC

229 (11)

96 (8.2)

133 (14)

<0.001

Biologics (any) ever

76 (3.3)

20 (1.5)

56 (5.5)

<0.001

Rituximab

50 (2.4)

12 (1.0)

38 (4.0)

<0.001

Belimumab

31 (1.5)

9 (0.8)

22 (2.3)

0.003

Clinical indicators

TAM SLEDAI-2K, median (IQR)

3.1 (1.5, 5.1)

2.5 (1.0, 4.5)

3.7 (2.0, 5.8)

<0.001

SLEDAI ≥ 6 ever, n (%)

1196 (51)

584 (44)

612 (60)

<0.001

TAM PGA, median (IQR)

0.4 (0.2, 0.8)

0.5 (0.3, 0.9)

<0.001

Mild/moderate/severe flare ever^a, n (%)

1257 (54)

606 (46)

651 (64)

<0.001

Baseline organ damage present

(SDI > 0 at recruitment), n (%)

916 (39)

517 (39)

399 (39)

0.9

Damage accrual during study period, n (%)

332 (14)

154 (12)

178 (18)

<0.001

Achieved LLDAS ever^a, n (%)

1697 (73)

1004 (77)

693 (68)

<0.001

Percentage time spent in LLDAS during study period, median (IQR)

44.6

(0, 76.9)

50.5

(8.5, 88.3)

28.9

(0, 58.3)

<0.001

Table 1

Open in new tab

Patient characteristics, stratified by presence of grade 2 leucopenia at least once (ever) during study observation period

	All patients	Leucopoenia—never	Leucopoenia—ever	P-value
	(n = 2330)	(n = 1312)	(n = 1018)	P-value
Demographics
Age at enrolment, median (IQR), years	39 (30, 50)	41 (31, 52)	38 (29, 48)	<0.001
Age at SLE diagnosis, median (IQR), years	29 (21, 39)	30 (22, 41)	28 (21, 37)	0.002
Disease duration, median (IQR), years	8 (3, 14)	8 (3, 14)	7 (3, 13)	0.07
Study observation period, median (IQR), years	2.3 (1.0, 3.5)	2.1 (0.7, 3.4)	2.6 (1.6, 3.7)	<0.001
No. of visits, median (IQR)	7 (4, 11)	5 (3, 9)	9 (5, 12)	<0.001
Visits per study years, median (IQR)	3.8 (2.6, 4.7)	3.6 (2.4, 4.7)	4.0 (2.9, 4.7)	<0.001
Asian ethnicity, n (%)	2055 (89)	1173 (90)	882 (88)	0.09
Females, n (%)	2171 (93)	1218 (93)	953 (94)	0.4
Current smoker at enrolment, n (%)	113 (5.3)	65 (5.6)	48 (4.9)	0.5
Family history of SLE, n (%)	177 (8.3)	104 (9.0)	73 (7.5)	0.2
Tertiary education, n (%)	1069 (48)	609 (49)	460 (47)	0.3
Serology, n (%)
Low complement (C3/C4)	1767 (76)	889 (68)	878 (87)	<0.001
Anti-dsDNA positivity	1406 (61)	698 (53)	708 (70)	<0.001
ESR ≥25	1280 (62)	636 (56)	644 (69)	<0.001
Medications use ever^a, n (%)
Prednisolone	1989 (85)	1042 (79)	947 (93)	<0.001
TAM prednisolone, median (IQR), mg/d	5.3 (2.5, 9.4)	5.0 (1.1, 7.8)	7.3 (4.4, 10.3)	<0.001
Anti-malarial drugs	1734 (74)	1002 (76)	732 (72)	0.014
HCQ	1612 (69)	933 (71)	679 (68)	0.020
Chloroquine	167 (7.1)	92 (7.0)	74 (7.3)	0.8
Immunosuppressants	1661 (71)	831 (63)	830 (82)	<0.001
Mycophenolate	820 (35)	403 (31)	417 (41)	<0.001
Mycophenolic acid	132 (5.7)	60 (4.6)	72 (7.1)	0.010
AZA	688 (30)	317 (24)	371 (36)	<0.001
Ciclosporin	170 (7.3)	78 (5.9)	92 (9.0)	0.004
MTX	166 (7.1)	84 (6.4)	82 (8.1)	0.12
Tacrolimus	88 (3.8)	35 (2.7)	53 (5.2)	0.001
LEF	66 (2.8)	29 (2.2)	37 (3.6)	0.040
Mizoribine	13 (0.5)	3 (0.2)	10 (1.0)	0.015
CYC	229 (11)	96 (8.2)	133 (14)	<0.001
Biologics (any) ever	76 (3.3)	20 (1.5)	56 (5.5)	<0.001
Rituximab	50 (2.4)	12 (1.0)	38 (4.0)	<0.001
Belimumab	31 (1.5)	9 (0.8)	22 (2.3)	0.003
Clinical indicators
TAM SLEDAI-2K, median (IQR)	3.1 (1.5, 5.1)	2.5 (1.0, 4.5)	3.7 (2.0, 5.8)	<0.001
SLEDAI ≥ 6 ever, n (%)	1196 (51)	584 (44)	612 (60)	<0.001
TAM PGA, median (IQR)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.5 (0.3, 0.9)	<0.001
Mild/moderate/severe flare ever^a, n (%)	1257 (54)	606 (46)	651 (64)	<0.001
Baseline organ damage present (SDI > 0 at recruitment), n (%)	916 (39)	517 (39)	399 (39)	0.9
Damage accrual during study period, n (%)	332 (14)	154 (12)	178 (18)	<0.001
Achieved LLDAS ever^a, n (%)	1697 (73)	1004 (77)	693 (68)	<0.001
Percentage time spent in LLDAS during study period, median (IQR)	44.6 (0, 76.9)	50.5 (8.5, 88.3)	28.9 (0, 58.3)	<0.001

	All patients	Leucopoenia—never	Leucopoenia—ever	P-value
	(n = 2330)	(n = 1312)	(n = 1018)	P-value
Demographics
Age at enrolment, median (IQR), years	39 (30, 50)	41 (31, 52)	38 (29, 48)	<0.001
Age at SLE diagnosis, median (IQR), years	29 (21, 39)	30 (22, 41)	28 (21, 37)	0.002
Disease duration, median (IQR), years	8 (3, 14)	8 (3, 14)	7 (3, 13)	0.07
Study observation period, median (IQR), years	2.3 (1.0, 3.5)	2.1 (0.7, 3.4)	2.6 (1.6, 3.7)	<0.001
No. of visits, median (IQR)	7 (4, 11)	5 (3, 9)	9 (5, 12)	<0.001
Visits per study years, median (IQR)	3.8 (2.6, 4.7)	3.6 (2.4, 4.7)	4.0 (2.9, 4.7)	<0.001
Asian ethnicity, n (%)	2055 (89)	1173 (90)	882 (88)	0.09
Females, n (%)	2171 (93)	1218 (93)	953 (94)	0.4
Current smoker at enrolment, n (%)	113 (5.3)	65 (5.6)	48 (4.9)	0.5
Family history of SLE, n (%)	177 (8.3)	104 (9.0)	73 (7.5)	0.2
Tertiary education, n (%)	1069 (48)	609 (49)	460 (47)	0.3
Serology, n (%)
Low complement (C3/C4)	1767 (76)	889 (68)	878 (87)	<0.001
Anti-dsDNA positivity	1406 (61)	698 (53)	708 (70)	<0.001
ESR ≥25	1280 (62)	636 (56)	644 (69)	<0.001
Medications use ever^a, n (%)
Prednisolone	1989 (85)	1042 (79)	947 (93)	<0.001
TAM prednisolone, median (IQR), mg/d	5.3 (2.5, 9.4)	5.0 (1.1, 7.8)	7.3 (4.4, 10.3)	<0.001
Anti-malarial drugs	1734 (74)	1002 (76)	732 (72)	0.014
HCQ	1612 (69)	933 (71)	679 (68)	0.020
Chloroquine	167 (7.1)	92 (7.0)	74 (7.3)	0.8
Immunosuppressants	1661 (71)	831 (63)	830 (82)	<0.001
Mycophenolate	820 (35)	403 (31)	417 (41)	<0.001
Mycophenolic acid	132 (5.7)	60 (4.6)	72 (7.1)	0.010
AZA	688 (30)	317 (24)	371 (36)	<0.001
Ciclosporin	170 (7.3)	78 (5.9)	92 (9.0)	0.004
MTX	166 (7.1)	84 (6.4)	82 (8.1)	0.12
Tacrolimus	88 (3.8)	35 (2.7)	53 (5.2)	0.001
LEF	66 (2.8)	29 (2.2)	37 (3.6)	0.040
Mizoribine	13 (0.5)	3 (0.2)	10 (1.0)	0.015
CYC	229 (11)	96 (8.2)	133 (14)	<0.001
Biologics (any) ever	76 (3.3)	20 (1.5)	56 (5.5)	<0.001
Rituximab	50 (2.4)	12 (1.0)	38 (4.0)	<0.001
Belimumab	31 (1.5)	9 (0.8)	22 (2.3)	0.003
Clinical indicators
TAM SLEDAI-2K, median (IQR)	3.1 (1.5, 5.1)	2.5 (1.0, 4.5)	3.7 (2.0, 5.8)	<0.001
SLEDAI ≥ 6 ever, n (%)	1196 (51)	584 (44)	612 (60)	<0.001
TAM PGA, median (IQR)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.4 (0.2, 0.8)	0.5 (0.3, 0.9)	<0.001
Mild/moderate/severe flare ever^a, n (%)	1257 (54)	606 (46)	651 (64)	<0.001
Baseline organ damage present (SDI > 0 at recruitment), n (%)	916 (39)	517 (39)	399 (39)	0.9
Damage accrual during study period, n (%)	332 (14)	154 (12)	178 (18)	<0.001
Achieved LLDAS ever^a, n (%)	1697 (73)	1004 (77)	693 (68)	<0.001
Percentage time spent in LLDAS during study period, median (IQR)	44.6 (0, 76.9)	50.5 (8.5, 88.3)	28.9 (0, 58.3)	<0.001

Used/achieved at least once during study observation period. P-values for comparing categorical variables were derived using Pearson’s chi-square test. P-values for comparing continuous variables were derived using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. IQR: interquartile range; LLDAS: lupus low disease activity state; PGA: physician global assessment; TAM: time adjusted mean.

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