| Characteristic . | Total Patients (N = 8763) . | Patients Not Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 3276) . | Patients Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 5487) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 64.3 ± 18.4 | 62.3 ± 19.2 | 65.4 ± 17.7 | <.001 |
| Age ≥65 y | 4631 (52.8) | 1606 (49.0) | 3025 (55.1) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 3390 (38.7) | 1259 (38.4) | 2131 (38.8) | <.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 467 (5.3) | 223 (6.8) | 244 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Concomitant medications | ||||
| Metronidazole | 1211 (13.8) | 483 (14.7) | 728 (13.3) | .05 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 4050 (46.2) | 1331 (40.6) | 2719 (49.6) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic(s) administered during hospitalization | ||||
| Penicillins | 3173 (36.2) | 1231 (37.6) | 1942 (35.4) | .04 |
| Amoxicillin | 69 (0.8) | 45 (1.4) | 24 (0.4) | <.001 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 292 (3.3) | 82 (2.5) | 210 (3.8) | .001 |
| Ampicillin | 66 (0.8) | 41 (1.3) | 25 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | 182 (2.1) | 84 (2.6) | 98 (1.8) | .02 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2780 (31.7) | 1030 (31.4) | 1750 (31.9) | .7 |
| Cephalosporins | 4228 (48.2) | 1407 (42.9) | 2821 (51.4) | <.001 |
| Ceftriaxone | 3824 (43.6) | 1278 (39.0) | 2546 (46.4) | <.001 |
| Cefdinir | 134 (1.5) | 27 (0.8) | 107 (2.0) | <.001 |
| Cefepime | 408 (4.7) | 123 (3.8) | 285 (5.2) | .002 |
| Ceftaroline | 58 (0.7) | 12 (0.4) | 46 (0.8) | .008 |
| Ceftolozane-tazobactam | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 1.0 |
| Ceftazidime-avibactam | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1.0 |
| Carbapenems | 187 (2.1) | 40 (1.2) | 147 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Ertapenem | 120 (1.4) | 20 (0.6) | 100 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Meropenem | 83 (0.9) | 24 (0.7) | 59 (1.1) | .1 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 3768 (43.0) | 1280 (39.1) | 2488 (45.3) | <.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1863 (21.3) | 661 (20.2) | 1202 (21.9) | .06 |
| Levofloxacin | 2168 (24.7) | 695 (21.2) | 1473 (26.8) | <.001 |
| Lincosamides | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
| Clindamycin | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
| Characteristic . | Total Patients (N = 8763) . | Patients Not Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 3276) . | Patients Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 5487) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 64.3 ± 18.4 | 62.3 ± 19.2 | 65.4 ± 17.7 | <.001 |
| Age ≥65 y | 4631 (52.8) | 1606 (49.0) | 3025 (55.1) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 3390 (38.7) | 1259 (38.4) | 2131 (38.8) | <.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 467 (5.3) | 223 (6.8) | 244 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Concomitant medications | ||||
| Metronidazole | 1211 (13.8) | 483 (14.7) | 728 (13.3) | .05 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 4050 (46.2) | 1331 (40.6) | 2719 (49.6) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic(s) administered during hospitalization | ||||
| Penicillins | 3173 (36.2) | 1231 (37.6) | 1942 (35.4) | .04 |
| Amoxicillin | 69 (0.8) | 45 (1.4) | 24 (0.4) | <.001 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 292 (3.3) | 82 (2.5) | 210 (3.8) | .001 |
| Ampicillin | 66 (0.8) | 41 (1.3) | 25 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | 182 (2.1) | 84 (2.6) | 98 (1.8) | .02 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2780 (31.7) | 1030 (31.4) | 1750 (31.9) | .7 |
| Cephalosporins | 4228 (48.2) | 1407 (42.9) | 2821 (51.4) | <.001 |
| Ceftriaxone | 3824 (43.6) | 1278 (39.0) | 2546 (46.4) | <.001 |
| Cefdinir | 134 (1.5) | 27 (0.8) | 107 (2.0) | <.001 |
| Cefepime | 408 (4.7) | 123 (3.8) | 285 (5.2) | .002 |
| Ceftaroline | 58 (0.7) | 12 (0.4) | 46 (0.8) | .008 |
| Ceftolozane-tazobactam | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 1.0 |
| Ceftazidime-avibactam | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1.0 |
| Carbapenems | 187 (2.1) | 40 (1.2) | 147 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Ertapenem | 120 (1.4) | 20 (0.6) | 100 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Meropenem | 83 (0.9) | 24 (0.7) | 59 (1.1) | .1 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 3768 (43.0) | 1280 (39.1) | 2488 (45.3) | <.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1863 (21.3) | 661 (20.2) | 1202 (21.9) | .06 |
| Levofloxacin | 2168 (24.7) | 695 (21.2) | 1473 (26.8) | <.001 |
| Lincosamides | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
| Clindamycin | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. χ 2 statistical analysis of differences between groups.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
| Characteristic . | Total Patients (N = 8763) . | Patients Not Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 3276) . | Patients Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 5487) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 64.3 ± 18.4 | 62.3 ± 19.2 | 65.4 ± 17.7 | <.001 |
| Age ≥65 y | 4631 (52.8) | 1606 (49.0) | 3025 (55.1) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 3390 (38.7) | 1259 (38.4) | 2131 (38.8) | <.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 467 (5.3) | 223 (6.8) | 244 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Concomitant medications | ||||
| Metronidazole | 1211 (13.8) | 483 (14.7) | 728 (13.3) | .05 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 4050 (46.2) | 1331 (40.6) | 2719 (49.6) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic(s) administered during hospitalization | ||||
| Penicillins | 3173 (36.2) | 1231 (37.6) | 1942 (35.4) | .04 |
| Amoxicillin | 69 (0.8) | 45 (1.4) | 24 (0.4) | <.001 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 292 (3.3) | 82 (2.5) | 210 (3.8) | .001 |
| Ampicillin | 66 (0.8) | 41 (1.3) | 25 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | 182 (2.1) | 84 (2.6) | 98 (1.8) | .02 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2780 (31.7) | 1030 (31.4) | 1750 (31.9) | .7 |
| Cephalosporins | 4228 (48.2) | 1407 (42.9) | 2821 (51.4) | <.001 |
| Ceftriaxone | 3824 (43.6) | 1278 (39.0) | 2546 (46.4) | <.001 |
| Cefdinir | 134 (1.5) | 27 (0.8) | 107 (2.0) | <.001 |
| Cefepime | 408 (4.7) | 123 (3.8) | 285 (5.2) | .002 |
| Ceftaroline | 58 (0.7) | 12 (0.4) | 46 (0.8) | .008 |
| Ceftolozane-tazobactam | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 1.0 |
| Ceftazidime-avibactam | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1.0 |
| Carbapenems | 187 (2.1) | 40 (1.2) | 147 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Ertapenem | 120 (1.4) | 20 (0.6) | 100 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Meropenem | 83 (0.9) | 24 (0.7) | 59 (1.1) | .1 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 3768 (43.0) | 1280 (39.1) | 2488 (45.3) | <.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1863 (21.3) | 661 (20.2) | 1202 (21.9) | .06 |
| Levofloxacin | 2168 (24.7) | 695 (21.2) | 1473 (26.8) | <.001 |
| Lincosamides | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
| Clindamycin | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
| Characteristic . | Total Patients (N = 8763) . | Patients Not Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 3276) . | Patients Coadministered Saccharomyces boulardii (n = 5487) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 64.3 ± 18.4 | 62.3 ± 19.2 | 65.4 ± 17.7 | <.001 |
| Age ≥65 y | 4631 (52.8) | 1606 (49.0) | 3025 (55.1) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 3390 (38.7) | 1259 (38.4) | 2131 (38.8) | <.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 467 (5.3) | 223 (6.8) | 244 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Concomitant medications | ||||
| Metronidazole | 1211 (13.8) | 483 (14.7) | 728 (13.3) | .05 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 4050 (46.2) | 1331 (40.6) | 2719 (49.6) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic(s) administered during hospitalization | ||||
| Penicillins | 3173 (36.2) | 1231 (37.6) | 1942 (35.4) | .04 |
| Amoxicillin | 69 (0.8) | 45 (1.4) | 24 (0.4) | <.001 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 292 (3.3) | 82 (2.5) | 210 (3.8) | .001 |
| Ampicillin | 66 (0.8) | 41 (1.3) | 25 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | 182 (2.1) | 84 (2.6) | 98 (1.8) | .02 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2780 (31.7) | 1030 (31.4) | 1750 (31.9) | .7 |
| Cephalosporins | 4228 (48.2) | 1407 (42.9) | 2821 (51.4) | <.001 |
| Ceftriaxone | 3824 (43.6) | 1278 (39.0) | 2546 (46.4) | <.001 |
| Cefdinir | 134 (1.5) | 27 (0.8) | 107 (2.0) | <.001 |
| Cefepime | 408 (4.7) | 123 (3.8) | 285 (5.2) | .002 |
| Ceftaroline | 58 (0.7) | 12 (0.4) | 46 (0.8) | .008 |
| Ceftolozane-tazobactam | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 1.0 |
| Ceftazidime-avibactam | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1.0 |
| Carbapenems | 187 (2.1) | 40 (1.2) | 147 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Ertapenem | 120 (1.4) | 20 (0.6) | 100 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Meropenem | 83 (0.9) | 24 (0.7) | 59 (1.1) | .1 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 3768 (43.0) | 1280 (39.1) | 2488 (45.3) | <.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1863 (21.3) | 661 (20.2) | 1202 (21.9) | .06 |
| Levofloxacin | 2168 (24.7) | 695 (21.2) | 1473 (26.8) | <.001 |
| Lincosamides | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
| Clindamycin | 369 (4.2) | 155 (4.7) | 214 (3.9) | .06 |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. χ 2 statistical analysis of differences between groups.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
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