Table 2:

Haemodynamic comparison in 4D flow MRI

VariablesDissection type
P-valueFL thrombosis status
P-value
rTAAD (n = 20)TBAD (n = 13)Patent (n = 21)Partially thrombosed (n = 12)
Quantitative haemodynamics of the TL, median (IQR)
 TL gross flow (ml/s)48.7 (19.3–55.5)35.4 (34.0–46.2)0.8147.4 (23.3–59.5)39.5 (32.7–47.4)0.57
 TL average velocity (cm/s)12.7 (7.1–21.2)8.1 (6.5–10.9)0.049.0 (7.2–13.8)8.4 (6.5–11.1)0.39
 TL regurgitant fraction (%)17.5 (8.6–22.2)15.6 (9.1–22.3)0.6017.5 (9.1–25.8)11.7 (8.1–16.1)0.08
Quantitative haemodynamics of the FL, median (IQR)
 FL gross flow (ml/s)30.1 (13.8–66.7)19.1 (10.4–31.4)0.1925.5 (15.4–65.2)22.7 (9.7–31.9)0.26
 FL average velocity (cm/s)4.4 (3.2–5.7)3.3 (2.3–5.4)0.354.7 (3.3–5.9)3.0 (2.2–4.8)0.03
 FL regurgitant fraction (%)61.2 (48.8–68.4)75.8 (52.5–86.4)0.2762.4 (46.6–79.8)72.4 (59.6–82.6)0.18
Visual grading of turbulent flow in the FL
 Helix grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)12 (57)3 (25)
 Helix grade = 1, n (%)3 (15)3 (23)1 (5)5 (42)
 Helix grade = 2, n (%)7 (35)5 (39)0.738 (38)4 (33)0.03
 Helix grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.650 (0–2)1 (0.75–2)0.37
 Vortex grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)10 (48)5 (42)
 Vortex grade = 1, n (%)2 (10)2 (15)0 (0)4 (33)
 Vortex grade = 2, n (%)8 (40)6 (46)0.7911 (52)3 (25)0.02
 Vortex grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.612 (0–2)1 (0–1.25)0.57
VariablesDissection type
P-valueFL thrombosis status
P-value
rTAAD (n = 20)TBAD (n = 13)Patent (n = 21)Partially thrombosed (n = 12)
Quantitative haemodynamics of the TL, median (IQR)
 TL gross flow (ml/s)48.7 (19.3–55.5)35.4 (34.0–46.2)0.8147.4 (23.3–59.5)39.5 (32.7–47.4)0.57
 TL average velocity (cm/s)12.7 (7.1–21.2)8.1 (6.5–10.9)0.049.0 (7.2–13.8)8.4 (6.5–11.1)0.39
 TL regurgitant fraction (%)17.5 (8.6–22.2)15.6 (9.1–22.3)0.6017.5 (9.1–25.8)11.7 (8.1–16.1)0.08
Quantitative haemodynamics of the FL, median (IQR)
 FL gross flow (ml/s)30.1 (13.8–66.7)19.1 (10.4–31.4)0.1925.5 (15.4–65.2)22.7 (9.7–31.9)0.26
 FL average velocity (cm/s)4.4 (3.2–5.7)3.3 (2.3–5.4)0.354.7 (3.3–5.9)3.0 (2.2–4.8)0.03
 FL regurgitant fraction (%)61.2 (48.8–68.4)75.8 (52.5–86.4)0.2762.4 (46.6–79.8)72.4 (59.6–82.6)0.18
Visual grading of turbulent flow in the FL
 Helix grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)12 (57)3 (25)
 Helix grade = 1, n (%)3 (15)3 (23)1 (5)5 (42)
 Helix grade = 2, n (%)7 (35)5 (39)0.738 (38)4 (33)0.03
 Helix grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.650 (0–2)1 (0.75–2)0.37
 Vortex grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)10 (48)5 (42)
 Vortex grade = 1, n (%)2 (10)2 (15)0 (0)4 (33)
 Vortex grade = 2, n (%)8 (40)6 (46)0.7911 (52)3 (25)0.02
 Vortex grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.612 (0–2)1 (0–1.25)0.57

4D flow MRI: four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging; FL: false lumen; IQR: interquartile range; rTAAD: repaired type A aortic dissection; TBAD: type B aortic dissection; TL: true lumen.

Table 2:

Haemodynamic comparison in 4D flow MRI

VariablesDissection type
P-valueFL thrombosis status
P-value
rTAAD (n = 20)TBAD (n = 13)Patent (n = 21)Partially thrombosed (n = 12)
Quantitative haemodynamics of the TL, median (IQR)
 TL gross flow (ml/s)48.7 (19.3–55.5)35.4 (34.0–46.2)0.8147.4 (23.3–59.5)39.5 (32.7–47.4)0.57
 TL average velocity (cm/s)12.7 (7.1–21.2)8.1 (6.5–10.9)0.049.0 (7.2–13.8)8.4 (6.5–11.1)0.39
 TL regurgitant fraction (%)17.5 (8.6–22.2)15.6 (9.1–22.3)0.6017.5 (9.1–25.8)11.7 (8.1–16.1)0.08
Quantitative haemodynamics of the FL, median (IQR)
 FL gross flow (ml/s)30.1 (13.8–66.7)19.1 (10.4–31.4)0.1925.5 (15.4–65.2)22.7 (9.7–31.9)0.26
 FL average velocity (cm/s)4.4 (3.2–5.7)3.3 (2.3–5.4)0.354.7 (3.3–5.9)3.0 (2.2–4.8)0.03
 FL regurgitant fraction (%)61.2 (48.8–68.4)75.8 (52.5–86.4)0.2762.4 (46.6–79.8)72.4 (59.6–82.6)0.18
Visual grading of turbulent flow in the FL
 Helix grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)12 (57)3 (25)
 Helix grade = 1, n (%)3 (15)3 (23)1 (5)5 (42)
 Helix grade = 2, n (%)7 (35)5 (39)0.738 (38)4 (33)0.03
 Helix grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.650 (0–2)1 (0.75–2)0.37
 Vortex grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)10 (48)5 (42)
 Vortex grade = 1, n (%)2 (10)2 (15)0 (0)4 (33)
 Vortex grade = 2, n (%)8 (40)6 (46)0.7911 (52)3 (25)0.02
 Vortex grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.612 (0–2)1 (0–1.25)0.57
VariablesDissection type
P-valueFL thrombosis status
P-value
rTAAD (n = 20)TBAD (n = 13)Patent (n = 21)Partially thrombosed (n = 12)
Quantitative haemodynamics of the TL, median (IQR)
 TL gross flow (ml/s)48.7 (19.3–55.5)35.4 (34.0–46.2)0.8147.4 (23.3–59.5)39.5 (32.7–47.4)0.57
 TL average velocity (cm/s)12.7 (7.1–21.2)8.1 (6.5–10.9)0.049.0 (7.2–13.8)8.4 (6.5–11.1)0.39
 TL regurgitant fraction (%)17.5 (8.6–22.2)15.6 (9.1–22.3)0.6017.5 (9.1–25.8)11.7 (8.1–16.1)0.08
Quantitative haemodynamics of the FL, median (IQR)
 FL gross flow (ml/s)30.1 (13.8–66.7)19.1 (10.4–31.4)0.1925.5 (15.4–65.2)22.7 (9.7–31.9)0.26
 FL average velocity (cm/s)4.4 (3.2–5.7)3.3 (2.3–5.4)0.354.7 (3.3–5.9)3.0 (2.2–4.8)0.03
 FL regurgitant fraction (%)61.2 (48.8–68.4)75.8 (52.5–86.4)0.2762.4 (46.6–79.8)72.4 (59.6–82.6)0.18
Visual grading of turbulent flow in the FL
 Helix grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)12 (57)3 (25)
 Helix grade = 1, n (%)3 (15)3 (23)1 (5)5 (42)
 Helix grade = 2, n (%)7 (35)5 (39)0.738 (38)4 (33)0.03
 Helix grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.650 (0–2)1 (0.75–2)0.37
 Vortex grade = 0, n (%)10 (50)5 (39)10 (48)5 (42)
 Vortex grade = 1, n (%)2 (10)2 (15)0 (0)4 (33)
 Vortex grade = 2, n (%)8 (40)6 (46)0.7911 (52)3 (25)0.02
 Vortex grade (0–2), median (IQR)0.5 (0–2)1.0 (0–2)0.612 (0–2)1 (0–1.25)0.57

4D flow MRI: four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging; FL: false lumen; IQR: interquartile range; rTAAD: repaired type A aortic dissection; TBAD: type B aortic dissection; TL: true lumen.

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