Experimental results of porosity, permeability and the anisotropic elastic and electrical properties of the six artificial sandstones with varying effective stress. The intact and cracked samples are indicated by ‘I’ and ‘F’ in their sample names, respectively.
Pdiff (MPa) . | 5 . | 10 . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | 40 . | 45 . | 50 . | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vp (m s−1) | I-0 | 3111 | 3297 | 3435 | 3553 | 3641 | 3720 | 3790 | 3845 | 3889 | 3928 |
I-45 | 3170 | 3351 | 3477 | 3580 | 3672 | 3733 | 3802 | 3858 | 3898 | 3942 | |
I-90 | 3197 | 3376 | 3507 | 3618 | 3699 | 3771 | 3834 | 3882 | 3919 | 3951 | |
F-0 | 2904 | 3098 | 3248 | 3378 | 3479 | 3572 | 3654 | 3728 | 3791 | 3842 | |
F-45 | 3062 | 3244 | 3384 | 3497 | 3599 | 3675 | 3749 | 3815 | 3865 | 3912 | |
F-90 | 3189 | 3350 | 3483 | 3596 | 3679 | 3753 | 3818 | 3868 | 3907 | 3941 | |
Vsh (m s−1) | I-0 | 1734 | 1858 | 1960 | 2032 | 2102 | 2152 | 2203 | 2242 | 2274 | 2301 |
I-45 | 1766 | 1888 | 1988 | 2058 | 2126 | 2174 | 2223 | 2260 | 2290 | 2315 | |
I-90 | 1808 | 1927 | 2024 | 2095 | 2156 | 2201 | 2247 | 2281 | 2308 | 2330 | |
F-0 | 1640 | 1762 | 1870 | 1953 | 2019 | 2071 | 2123 | 2166 | 2206 | 2240 | |
F-45 | 1719 | 1840 | 1939 | 2011 | 2075 | 2124 | 2172 | 2213 | 2248 | 2279 | |
F-90 | 1781 | 1900 | 1990 | 2059 | 2120 | 2169 | 2211 | 2250 | 2281 | 2307 | |
Vsv (m s−1) | I-0 | 1764 | 1881 | 1978 | 2048 | 2117 | 2167 | 2207 | 2246 | 2275 | 2302 |
I-45 | 1745 | 1870 | 1967 | 2041 | 2110 | 2161 | 2210 | 2243 | 2276 | 2296 | |
I-90 | 1761 | 1884 | 1981 | 2052 | 2121 | 2175 | 2211 | 2244 | 2270 | 2300 | |
F-0 | 1635 | 1760 | 1869 | 1950 | 2017 | 2070 | 2121 | 2164 | 2205 | 2238 | |
F-45 | 1693 | 1820 | 1919 | 1991 | 2055 | 2104 | 2156 | 2199 | 2239 | 2269 | |
F-90 | 1653 | 1779 | 1880 | 1959 | 2026 | 2076 | 2125 | 2170 | 2209 | 2242 | |
σ (S m−1) | I-0 | 0.2519 | 0.2445 | 0.2386 | 0.2338 | 0.2299 | 0.2265 | 0.2236 | 0.2211 | 0.2189 | 0.2170 |
I-45 | 0.2884 | 0.2819 | 0.2764 | 0.2717 | 0.2678 | 0.2642 | 0.2611 | 0.2587 | 0.2567 | 0.2547 | |
I-90 | 0.2963 | 0.2888 | 0.2829 | 0.2785 | 0.2746 | 0.2713 | 0.2684 | 0.2658 | 0.2636 | 0.2615 | |
F-0 | 0.2849 | 0.2786 | 0.2732 | 0.2689 | 0.2659 | 0.2634 | 0.2601 | 0.2575 | 0.2554 | 0.2539 | |
F-45 | 0.2975 | 0.2915 | 0.2860 | 0.2813 | 0.2773 | 0.2747 | 0.2723 | 0.2702 | 0.2684 | 0.2670 | |
F-90 | 0.3413 | 0.3344 | 0.3285 | 0.3248 | 0.3211 | 0.3181 | 0.3160 | 0.3137 | 0.3117 | 0.3104 | |
φ | I-0 | 0.2531 | 0.2513 | 0.2498 | 0.2485 | 0.2475 | 0.2467 | 0.2459 | 0.2452 | 0.2446 | 0.2441 |
I-45 | 0.2622 | 0.2599 | 0.2581 | 0.2568 | 0.2558 | 0.2549 | 0.2542 | 0.2535 | 0.2529 | 0.2523 | |
I-90 | 0.2623 | 0.2602 | 0.2585 | 0.2573 | 0.2563 | 0.2555 | 0.2548 | 0.2542 | 0.2536 | 0.2531 | |
F-0 | 0.2752 | 0.2726 | 0.2706 | 0.2691 | 0.2680 | 0.2670 | 0.2663 | 0.2656 | 0.2650 | 0.2643 | |
F-45 | 0.2706 | 0.2679 | 0.2658 | 0.2643 | 0.2632 | 0.2622 | 0.2615 | 0.2608 | 0.2601 | 0.2595 | |
F-90 | 0.2799 | 0.2775 | 0.2756 | 0.2742 | 0.2731 | 0.2722 | 0.2714 | 0.2707 | 0.2701 | 0.2695 | |
K (mD) | I-0 | 505 | 500 | 495 | 490 | 487 | 483 | 482 | 480 | 479 | 478 |
I-45 | 621 | 614 | 609 | 602 | 598 | 592 | 585 | 579 | 572 | 569 | |
I-90 | 935 | 921 | 913 | 902 | 895 | 890 | 885 | 883 | 881 | 879 | |
F-0 | 1071 | 1057 | 1050 | 1040 | 1034 | 1030 | 1023 | 1015 | 1010 | 1005 | |
F-45 | 935 | 919 | 903 | 891 | 885 | 878 | 872 | 870 | 866 | 863 | |
F-90 | 1469 | 1443 | 1427 | 1412 | 1400 | 1385 | 1368 | 1360 | 1351 | 1347 |
Pdiff (MPa) . | 5 . | 10 . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | 40 . | 45 . | 50 . | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vp (m s−1) | I-0 | 3111 | 3297 | 3435 | 3553 | 3641 | 3720 | 3790 | 3845 | 3889 | 3928 |
I-45 | 3170 | 3351 | 3477 | 3580 | 3672 | 3733 | 3802 | 3858 | 3898 | 3942 | |
I-90 | 3197 | 3376 | 3507 | 3618 | 3699 | 3771 | 3834 | 3882 | 3919 | 3951 | |
F-0 | 2904 | 3098 | 3248 | 3378 | 3479 | 3572 | 3654 | 3728 | 3791 | 3842 | |
F-45 | 3062 | 3244 | 3384 | 3497 | 3599 | 3675 | 3749 | 3815 | 3865 | 3912 | |
F-90 | 3189 | 3350 | 3483 | 3596 | 3679 | 3753 | 3818 | 3868 | 3907 | 3941 | |
Vsh (m s−1) | I-0 | 1734 | 1858 | 1960 | 2032 | 2102 | 2152 | 2203 | 2242 | 2274 | 2301 |
I-45 | 1766 | 1888 | 1988 | 2058 | 2126 | 2174 | 2223 | 2260 | 2290 | 2315 | |
I-90 | 1808 | 1927 | 2024 | 2095 | 2156 | 2201 | 2247 | 2281 | 2308 | 2330 | |
F-0 | 1640 | 1762 | 1870 | 1953 | 2019 | 2071 | 2123 | 2166 | 2206 | 2240 | |
F-45 | 1719 | 1840 | 1939 | 2011 | 2075 | 2124 | 2172 | 2213 | 2248 | 2279 | |
F-90 | 1781 | 1900 | 1990 | 2059 | 2120 | 2169 | 2211 | 2250 | 2281 | 2307 | |
Vsv (m s−1) | I-0 | 1764 | 1881 | 1978 | 2048 | 2117 | 2167 | 2207 | 2246 | 2275 | 2302 |
I-45 | 1745 | 1870 | 1967 | 2041 | 2110 | 2161 | 2210 | 2243 | 2276 | 2296 | |
I-90 | 1761 | 1884 | 1981 | 2052 | 2121 | 2175 | 2211 | 2244 | 2270 | 2300 | |
F-0 | 1635 | 1760 | 1869 | 1950 | 2017 | 2070 | 2121 | 2164 | 2205 | 2238 | |
F-45 | 1693 | 1820 | 1919 | 1991 | 2055 | 2104 | 2156 | 2199 | 2239 | 2269 | |
F-90 | 1653 | 1779 | 1880 | 1959 | 2026 | 2076 | 2125 | 2170 | 2209 | 2242 | |
σ (S m−1) | I-0 | 0.2519 | 0.2445 | 0.2386 | 0.2338 | 0.2299 | 0.2265 | 0.2236 | 0.2211 | 0.2189 | 0.2170 |
I-45 | 0.2884 | 0.2819 | 0.2764 | 0.2717 | 0.2678 | 0.2642 | 0.2611 | 0.2587 | 0.2567 | 0.2547 | |
I-90 | 0.2963 | 0.2888 | 0.2829 | 0.2785 | 0.2746 | 0.2713 | 0.2684 | 0.2658 | 0.2636 | 0.2615 | |
F-0 | 0.2849 | 0.2786 | 0.2732 | 0.2689 | 0.2659 | 0.2634 | 0.2601 | 0.2575 | 0.2554 | 0.2539 | |
F-45 | 0.2975 | 0.2915 | 0.2860 | 0.2813 | 0.2773 | 0.2747 | 0.2723 | 0.2702 | 0.2684 | 0.2670 | |
F-90 | 0.3413 | 0.3344 | 0.3285 | 0.3248 | 0.3211 | 0.3181 | 0.3160 | 0.3137 | 0.3117 | 0.3104 | |
φ | I-0 | 0.2531 | 0.2513 | 0.2498 | 0.2485 | 0.2475 | 0.2467 | 0.2459 | 0.2452 | 0.2446 | 0.2441 |
I-45 | 0.2622 | 0.2599 | 0.2581 | 0.2568 | 0.2558 | 0.2549 | 0.2542 | 0.2535 | 0.2529 | 0.2523 | |
I-90 | 0.2623 | 0.2602 | 0.2585 | 0.2573 | 0.2563 | 0.2555 | 0.2548 | 0.2542 | 0.2536 | 0.2531 | |
F-0 | 0.2752 | 0.2726 | 0.2706 | 0.2691 | 0.2680 | 0.2670 | 0.2663 | 0.2656 | 0.2650 | 0.2643 | |
F-45 | 0.2706 | 0.2679 | 0.2658 | 0.2643 | 0.2632 | 0.2622 | 0.2615 | 0.2608 | 0.2601 | 0.2595 | |
F-90 | 0.2799 | 0.2775 | 0.2756 | 0.2742 | 0.2731 | 0.2722 | 0.2714 | 0.2707 | 0.2701 | 0.2695 | |
K (mD) | I-0 | 505 | 500 | 495 | 490 | 487 | 483 | 482 | 480 | 479 | 478 |
I-45 | 621 | 614 | 609 | 602 | 598 | 592 | 585 | 579 | 572 | 569 | |
I-90 | 935 | 921 | 913 | 902 | 895 | 890 | 885 | 883 | 881 | 879 | |
F-0 | 1071 | 1057 | 1050 | 1040 | 1034 | 1030 | 1023 | 1015 | 1010 | 1005 | |
F-45 | 935 | 919 | 903 | 891 | 885 | 878 | 872 | 870 | 866 | 863 | |
F-90 | 1469 | 1443 | 1427 | 1412 | 1400 | 1385 | 1368 | 1360 | 1351 | 1347 |
Experimental results of porosity, permeability and the anisotropic elastic and electrical properties of the six artificial sandstones with varying effective stress. The intact and cracked samples are indicated by ‘I’ and ‘F’ in their sample names, respectively.
Pdiff (MPa) . | 5 . | 10 . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | 40 . | 45 . | 50 . | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vp (m s−1) | I-0 | 3111 | 3297 | 3435 | 3553 | 3641 | 3720 | 3790 | 3845 | 3889 | 3928 |
I-45 | 3170 | 3351 | 3477 | 3580 | 3672 | 3733 | 3802 | 3858 | 3898 | 3942 | |
I-90 | 3197 | 3376 | 3507 | 3618 | 3699 | 3771 | 3834 | 3882 | 3919 | 3951 | |
F-0 | 2904 | 3098 | 3248 | 3378 | 3479 | 3572 | 3654 | 3728 | 3791 | 3842 | |
F-45 | 3062 | 3244 | 3384 | 3497 | 3599 | 3675 | 3749 | 3815 | 3865 | 3912 | |
F-90 | 3189 | 3350 | 3483 | 3596 | 3679 | 3753 | 3818 | 3868 | 3907 | 3941 | |
Vsh (m s−1) | I-0 | 1734 | 1858 | 1960 | 2032 | 2102 | 2152 | 2203 | 2242 | 2274 | 2301 |
I-45 | 1766 | 1888 | 1988 | 2058 | 2126 | 2174 | 2223 | 2260 | 2290 | 2315 | |
I-90 | 1808 | 1927 | 2024 | 2095 | 2156 | 2201 | 2247 | 2281 | 2308 | 2330 | |
F-0 | 1640 | 1762 | 1870 | 1953 | 2019 | 2071 | 2123 | 2166 | 2206 | 2240 | |
F-45 | 1719 | 1840 | 1939 | 2011 | 2075 | 2124 | 2172 | 2213 | 2248 | 2279 | |
F-90 | 1781 | 1900 | 1990 | 2059 | 2120 | 2169 | 2211 | 2250 | 2281 | 2307 | |
Vsv (m s−1) | I-0 | 1764 | 1881 | 1978 | 2048 | 2117 | 2167 | 2207 | 2246 | 2275 | 2302 |
I-45 | 1745 | 1870 | 1967 | 2041 | 2110 | 2161 | 2210 | 2243 | 2276 | 2296 | |
I-90 | 1761 | 1884 | 1981 | 2052 | 2121 | 2175 | 2211 | 2244 | 2270 | 2300 | |
F-0 | 1635 | 1760 | 1869 | 1950 | 2017 | 2070 | 2121 | 2164 | 2205 | 2238 | |
F-45 | 1693 | 1820 | 1919 | 1991 | 2055 | 2104 | 2156 | 2199 | 2239 | 2269 | |
F-90 | 1653 | 1779 | 1880 | 1959 | 2026 | 2076 | 2125 | 2170 | 2209 | 2242 | |
σ (S m−1) | I-0 | 0.2519 | 0.2445 | 0.2386 | 0.2338 | 0.2299 | 0.2265 | 0.2236 | 0.2211 | 0.2189 | 0.2170 |
I-45 | 0.2884 | 0.2819 | 0.2764 | 0.2717 | 0.2678 | 0.2642 | 0.2611 | 0.2587 | 0.2567 | 0.2547 | |
I-90 | 0.2963 | 0.2888 | 0.2829 | 0.2785 | 0.2746 | 0.2713 | 0.2684 | 0.2658 | 0.2636 | 0.2615 | |
F-0 | 0.2849 | 0.2786 | 0.2732 | 0.2689 | 0.2659 | 0.2634 | 0.2601 | 0.2575 | 0.2554 | 0.2539 | |
F-45 | 0.2975 | 0.2915 | 0.2860 | 0.2813 | 0.2773 | 0.2747 | 0.2723 | 0.2702 | 0.2684 | 0.2670 | |
F-90 | 0.3413 | 0.3344 | 0.3285 | 0.3248 | 0.3211 | 0.3181 | 0.3160 | 0.3137 | 0.3117 | 0.3104 | |
φ | I-0 | 0.2531 | 0.2513 | 0.2498 | 0.2485 | 0.2475 | 0.2467 | 0.2459 | 0.2452 | 0.2446 | 0.2441 |
I-45 | 0.2622 | 0.2599 | 0.2581 | 0.2568 | 0.2558 | 0.2549 | 0.2542 | 0.2535 | 0.2529 | 0.2523 | |
I-90 | 0.2623 | 0.2602 | 0.2585 | 0.2573 | 0.2563 | 0.2555 | 0.2548 | 0.2542 | 0.2536 | 0.2531 | |
F-0 | 0.2752 | 0.2726 | 0.2706 | 0.2691 | 0.2680 | 0.2670 | 0.2663 | 0.2656 | 0.2650 | 0.2643 | |
F-45 | 0.2706 | 0.2679 | 0.2658 | 0.2643 | 0.2632 | 0.2622 | 0.2615 | 0.2608 | 0.2601 | 0.2595 | |
F-90 | 0.2799 | 0.2775 | 0.2756 | 0.2742 | 0.2731 | 0.2722 | 0.2714 | 0.2707 | 0.2701 | 0.2695 | |
K (mD) | I-0 | 505 | 500 | 495 | 490 | 487 | 483 | 482 | 480 | 479 | 478 |
I-45 | 621 | 614 | 609 | 602 | 598 | 592 | 585 | 579 | 572 | 569 | |
I-90 | 935 | 921 | 913 | 902 | 895 | 890 | 885 | 883 | 881 | 879 | |
F-0 | 1071 | 1057 | 1050 | 1040 | 1034 | 1030 | 1023 | 1015 | 1010 | 1005 | |
F-45 | 935 | 919 | 903 | 891 | 885 | 878 | 872 | 870 | 866 | 863 | |
F-90 | 1469 | 1443 | 1427 | 1412 | 1400 | 1385 | 1368 | 1360 | 1351 | 1347 |
Pdiff (MPa) . | 5 . | 10 . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | 40 . | 45 . | 50 . | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vp (m s−1) | I-0 | 3111 | 3297 | 3435 | 3553 | 3641 | 3720 | 3790 | 3845 | 3889 | 3928 |
I-45 | 3170 | 3351 | 3477 | 3580 | 3672 | 3733 | 3802 | 3858 | 3898 | 3942 | |
I-90 | 3197 | 3376 | 3507 | 3618 | 3699 | 3771 | 3834 | 3882 | 3919 | 3951 | |
F-0 | 2904 | 3098 | 3248 | 3378 | 3479 | 3572 | 3654 | 3728 | 3791 | 3842 | |
F-45 | 3062 | 3244 | 3384 | 3497 | 3599 | 3675 | 3749 | 3815 | 3865 | 3912 | |
F-90 | 3189 | 3350 | 3483 | 3596 | 3679 | 3753 | 3818 | 3868 | 3907 | 3941 | |
Vsh (m s−1) | I-0 | 1734 | 1858 | 1960 | 2032 | 2102 | 2152 | 2203 | 2242 | 2274 | 2301 |
I-45 | 1766 | 1888 | 1988 | 2058 | 2126 | 2174 | 2223 | 2260 | 2290 | 2315 | |
I-90 | 1808 | 1927 | 2024 | 2095 | 2156 | 2201 | 2247 | 2281 | 2308 | 2330 | |
F-0 | 1640 | 1762 | 1870 | 1953 | 2019 | 2071 | 2123 | 2166 | 2206 | 2240 | |
F-45 | 1719 | 1840 | 1939 | 2011 | 2075 | 2124 | 2172 | 2213 | 2248 | 2279 | |
F-90 | 1781 | 1900 | 1990 | 2059 | 2120 | 2169 | 2211 | 2250 | 2281 | 2307 | |
Vsv (m s−1) | I-0 | 1764 | 1881 | 1978 | 2048 | 2117 | 2167 | 2207 | 2246 | 2275 | 2302 |
I-45 | 1745 | 1870 | 1967 | 2041 | 2110 | 2161 | 2210 | 2243 | 2276 | 2296 | |
I-90 | 1761 | 1884 | 1981 | 2052 | 2121 | 2175 | 2211 | 2244 | 2270 | 2300 | |
F-0 | 1635 | 1760 | 1869 | 1950 | 2017 | 2070 | 2121 | 2164 | 2205 | 2238 | |
F-45 | 1693 | 1820 | 1919 | 1991 | 2055 | 2104 | 2156 | 2199 | 2239 | 2269 | |
F-90 | 1653 | 1779 | 1880 | 1959 | 2026 | 2076 | 2125 | 2170 | 2209 | 2242 | |
σ (S m−1) | I-0 | 0.2519 | 0.2445 | 0.2386 | 0.2338 | 0.2299 | 0.2265 | 0.2236 | 0.2211 | 0.2189 | 0.2170 |
I-45 | 0.2884 | 0.2819 | 0.2764 | 0.2717 | 0.2678 | 0.2642 | 0.2611 | 0.2587 | 0.2567 | 0.2547 | |
I-90 | 0.2963 | 0.2888 | 0.2829 | 0.2785 | 0.2746 | 0.2713 | 0.2684 | 0.2658 | 0.2636 | 0.2615 | |
F-0 | 0.2849 | 0.2786 | 0.2732 | 0.2689 | 0.2659 | 0.2634 | 0.2601 | 0.2575 | 0.2554 | 0.2539 | |
F-45 | 0.2975 | 0.2915 | 0.2860 | 0.2813 | 0.2773 | 0.2747 | 0.2723 | 0.2702 | 0.2684 | 0.2670 | |
F-90 | 0.3413 | 0.3344 | 0.3285 | 0.3248 | 0.3211 | 0.3181 | 0.3160 | 0.3137 | 0.3117 | 0.3104 | |
φ | I-0 | 0.2531 | 0.2513 | 0.2498 | 0.2485 | 0.2475 | 0.2467 | 0.2459 | 0.2452 | 0.2446 | 0.2441 |
I-45 | 0.2622 | 0.2599 | 0.2581 | 0.2568 | 0.2558 | 0.2549 | 0.2542 | 0.2535 | 0.2529 | 0.2523 | |
I-90 | 0.2623 | 0.2602 | 0.2585 | 0.2573 | 0.2563 | 0.2555 | 0.2548 | 0.2542 | 0.2536 | 0.2531 | |
F-0 | 0.2752 | 0.2726 | 0.2706 | 0.2691 | 0.2680 | 0.2670 | 0.2663 | 0.2656 | 0.2650 | 0.2643 | |
F-45 | 0.2706 | 0.2679 | 0.2658 | 0.2643 | 0.2632 | 0.2622 | 0.2615 | 0.2608 | 0.2601 | 0.2595 | |
F-90 | 0.2799 | 0.2775 | 0.2756 | 0.2742 | 0.2731 | 0.2722 | 0.2714 | 0.2707 | 0.2701 | 0.2695 | |
K (mD) | I-0 | 505 | 500 | 495 | 490 | 487 | 483 | 482 | 480 | 479 | 478 |
I-45 | 621 | 614 | 609 | 602 | 598 | 592 | 585 | 579 | 572 | 569 | |
I-90 | 935 | 921 | 913 | 902 | 895 | 890 | 885 | 883 | 881 | 879 | |
F-0 | 1071 | 1057 | 1050 | 1040 | 1034 | 1030 | 1023 | 1015 | 1010 | 1005 | |
F-45 | 935 | 919 | 903 | 891 | 885 | 878 | 872 | 870 | 866 | 863 | |
F-90 | 1469 | 1443 | 1427 | 1412 | 1400 | 1385 | 1368 | 1360 | 1351 | 1347 |
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