Table 1: Open in new tab Baseline...

Variable

Total (N = 50)

Group E (N = 9)

Group N (N = 36)

P-value

Sex, n (%)

Male

Female

27 (54.0)

23 (46.0)

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

19 (52.8)

17 (47.2)

>0.999^†

Age (years), median (IQR)

7.7 (2.3–13.2)

2.6 (0.2–13.7)

8.4 (2.6–14.6)

0.286^*

Body weight (kg), median (IQR)

23.7 (10.3–40.7)

10.7 (3.4–37.4)

25.4 (11.0–43.6)

0.122^*

Body surface area (m²), mean ± SD

0.97 ± 0.54

0.60 ± 0.48

0.99 ± 0.51

0.053^**

Infant (<1 year), n (%)

10 (20.0)

4 (44.4)

6 (16.7)

0.093^†

Prior episode of IE, n (%)

1 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

N/A

Prior cardiac surgery, n (%)

24 (48.0)

4 (44.4)

17 (47.2)

>0.999^†

Congenital heart disease, n (%)

39 (78.0)

6 (66.7)

29 (80.6)

0.393^†

Involved structure, n (%)

Aortic valve

Mitral valve

Pulmonary valve/RVOT

Tricuspid valve

Multiple

Others

5 (10.0)

13 (26.0)

18 (36.0)

24 (48.0)

16(32.0)

8 (16.0)

1 (11.1)

2 (22.2)

4 (44.4)

6 (66.6)

5 (55.5)

0 (0.0)

4 (11.1)

10 (27.8)

18 (50.0)

16 (44.4)

10 (27.8)

3 (8.3)

Left-sided IE, n (%)

17 (34.0)

3 (33.3)

12 (33.3)

>0.999^†

Both sided, n (%)

6 (12.0)

1 (11.1)

5 (13.9)

>0.999^†

Native valve endocarditis, n (%)

28 (56.0)

6 (66.7)

20 (55.6)

0.712^†

Interval between diagnosis and surgery (days), median (IQR)

18 (5–28)

3 (1–5.5)

20.5 (13.0–31.8)

<0.001^*

Follow-up duration (years), median (IQR)

9.5 (4.0–14.5)

5.4 (1.8–11.7)

9.6 (4.3–15.4)

0.254^*

Preoperative blood culture results, n (%)

Negative blood culture conversion

30 (60.0)

3 (33.3)

27 (75.0)

0.025^†

Culture negative endocarditis

8 (16.0)

2 (22.2)

5 (13.9)

0.614^†

Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic manifestations, n (%)

Active IE

26 (52.0)

6 (66.7)

19 (54.3)

0.710^†

Heart failure

5 (10.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (11.1)

0.569^†

Embolic events

17 (34.0)

3 (33.3)

14 (38.9)

>0.999^†

Cerebral

3 (6.0)

1 (11.1)

2 (5.6)

Pulmonary

11 (22.0)

2 (22.2)

9 (25.0)

Renal

4 (8.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (11.1)

Splenic

2 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (5.6)

Others

2 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.8)

Valvular dysfunction (> moderate grade)

26 (52.0)

5 (55.6)

16 (44.4)

0.713^†

Perivalvular extension

20 (40.0)

5 (55.6)

11 (30.6)

0.245^†

Vegetation

39 (78.0)

6 (66.7)

31 (86.1)

0.326^†

Surgical procedure, n (%)

Native valve-sparing

26 (52.0)

6 (66.7)

20 (55.6)

0.712^†

Valve repair/reconstruction

12 (24.0)

3 (33.3)

12 (33.3)

>0.999^†

Mechanical valve replacement

4 (8.0)

1 (11.1)

3 (8.3)

>0.999^†

Bioprosthetic valve replacement

8 (16.0)

0 (0.0)

7 (19.4)

0.315^†

Valved-conduit replacement

10 (20.0)

1 (11.1)

6 (16.7)

>0.999^†

Others

3 (6.0)

1 (11.1)

0 (0.0)

0.200^†

Table 1:

Open in new tab

Baseline characteristics and perioperative data

Variable	Total (N = 50)	Group E (N = 9)	Group N (N = 36)	P-value
Sex, n (%) Male Female	27 (54.0) 23 (46.0)	5 (55.6) 4 (44.4)	19 (52.8) 17 (47.2)	>0.999^†
Age (years), median (IQR)	7.7 (2.3–13.2)	2.6 (0.2–13.7)	8.4 (2.6–14.6)	0.286^*
Body weight (kg), median (IQR)	23.7 (10.3–40.7)	10.7 (3.4–37.4)	25.4 (11.0–43.6)	0.122^*
Body surface area (m²), mean ± SD	0.97 ± 0.54	0.60 ± 0.48	0.99 ± 0.51	0.053^**
Infant (<1 year), n (%)	10 (20.0)	4 (44.4)	6 (16.7)	0.093^†
Prior episode of IE, n (%)	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	N/A
Prior cardiac surgery, n (%)	24 (48.0)	4 (44.4)	17 (47.2)	>0.999^†
Congenital heart disease, n (%)	39 (78.0)	6 (66.7)	29 (80.6)	0.393^†
Involved structure, n (%) Aortic valve Mitral valve Pulmonary valve/RVOT Tricuspid valve Multiple Others	5 (10.0) 13 (26.0) 18 (36.0) 24 (48.0) 16(32.0) 8 (16.0)	1 (11.1) 2 (22.2) 4 (44.4) 6 (66.6) 5 (55.5) 0 (0.0)	4 (11.1) 10 (27.8) 18 (50.0) 16 (44.4) 10 (27.8) 3 (8.3)
Left-sided IE, n (%)	17 (34.0)	3 (33.3)	12 (33.3)	>0.999^†
Both sided, n (%)	6 (12.0)	1 (11.1)	5 (13.9)	>0.999^†
Native valve endocarditis, n (%)	28 (56.0)	6 (66.7)	20 (55.6)	0.712^†
Interval between diagnosis and surgery (days), median (IQR)	18 (5–28)	3 (1–5.5)	20.5 (13.0–31.8)	<0.001^*
Follow-up duration (years), median (IQR)	9.5 (4.0–14.5)	5.4 (1.8–11.7)	9.6 (4.3–15.4)	0.254^*
Preoperative blood culture results, n (%)
Negative blood culture conversion	30 (60.0)	3 (33.3)	27 (75.0)	0.025^†
Culture negative endocarditis	8 (16.0)	2 (22.2)	5 (13.9)	0.614^†
Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic manifestations, n (%)
Active IE	26 (52.0)	6 (66.7)	19 (54.3)	0.710^†
Heart failure	5 (10.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (11.1)	0.569^†
Embolic events	17 (34.0)	3 (33.3)	14 (38.9)	>0.999^†
Cerebral	3 (6.0)	1 (11.1)	2 (5.6)
Pulmonary	11 (22.0)	2 (22.2)	9 (25.0)
Renal	4 (8.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (11.1)
Splenic	2 (4.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.6)
Others	2 (4.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.8)
Valvular dysfunction (> moderate grade)	26 (52.0)	5 (55.6)	16 (44.4)	0.713^†
Perivalvular extension	20 (40.0)	5 (55.6)	11 (30.6)	0.245^†
Vegetation	39 (78.0)	6 (66.7)	31 (86.1)	0.326^†
Surgical procedure, n (%)
Native valve-sparing	26 (52.0)	6 (66.7)	20 (55.6)	0.712^†
Valve repair/reconstruction	12 (24.0)	3 (33.3)	12 (33.3)	>0.999^†
Mechanical valve replacement	4 (8.0)	1 (11.1)	3 (8.3)	>0.999^†
Bioprosthetic valve replacement	8 (16.0)	0 (0.0)	7 (19.4)	0.315^†
Valved-conduit replacement	10 (20.0)	1 (11.1)	6 (16.7)	>0.999^†
Others	3 (6.0)	1 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	0.200^†

Variable	Total (N = 50)	Group E (N = 9)	Group N (N = 36)	P-value
Sex, n (%) Male Female	27 (54.0) 23 (46.0)	5 (55.6) 4 (44.4)	19 (52.8) 17 (47.2)	>0.999^†
Age (years), median (IQR)	7.7 (2.3–13.2)	2.6 (0.2–13.7)	8.4 (2.6–14.6)	0.286^*
Body weight (kg), median (IQR)	23.7 (10.3–40.7)	10.7 (3.4–37.4)	25.4 (11.0–43.6)	0.122^*
Body surface area (m²), mean ± SD	0.97 ± 0.54	0.60 ± 0.48	0.99 ± 0.51	0.053^**
Infant (<1 year), n (%)	10 (20.0)	4 (44.4)	6 (16.7)	0.093^†
Prior episode of IE, n (%)	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	N/A
Prior cardiac surgery, n (%)	24 (48.0)	4 (44.4)	17 (47.2)	>0.999^†
Congenital heart disease, n (%)	39 (78.0)	6 (66.7)	29 (80.6)	0.393^†
Involved structure, n (%) Aortic valve Mitral valve Pulmonary valve/RVOT Tricuspid valve Multiple Others	5 (10.0) 13 (26.0) 18 (36.0) 24 (48.0) 16(32.0) 8 (16.0)	1 (11.1) 2 (22.2) 4 (44.4) 6 (66.6) 5 (55.5) 0 (0.0)	4 (11.1) 10 (27.8) 18 (50.0) 16 (44.4) 10 (27.8) 3 (8.3)
Left-sided IE, n (%)	17 (34.0)	3 (33.3)	12 (33.3)	>0.999^†
Both sided, n (%)	6 (12.0)	1 (11.1)	5 (13.9)	>0.999^†
Native valve endocarditis, n (%)	28 (56.0)	6 (66.7)	20 (55.6)	0.712^†
Interval between diagnosis and surgery (days), median (IQR)	18 (5–28)	3 (1–5.5)	20.5 (13.0–31.8)	<0.001^*
Follow-up duration (years), median (IQR)	9.5 (4.0–14.5)	5.4 (1.8–11.7)	9.6 (4.3–15.4)	0.254^*
Preoperative blood culture results, n (%)
Negative blood culture conversion	30 (60.0)	3 (33.3)	27 (75.0)	0.025^†
Culture negative endocarditis	8 (16.0)	2 (22.2)	5 (13.9)	0.614^†
Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic manifestations, n (%)
Active IE	26 (52.0)	6 (66.7)	19 (54.3)	0.710^†
Heart failure	5 (10.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (11.1)	0.569^†
Embolic events	17 (34.0)	3 (33.3)	14 (38.9)	>0.999^†
Cerebral	3 (6.0)	1 (11.1)	2 (5.6)
Pulmonary	11 (22.0)	2 (22.2)	9 (25.0)
Renal	4 (8.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (11.1)
Splenic	2 (4.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.6)
Others	2 (4.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.8)
Valvular dysfunction (> moderate grade)	26 (52.0)	5 (55.6)	16 (44.4)	0.713^†
Perivalvular extension	20 (40.0)	5 (55.6)	11 (30.6)	0.245^†
Vegetation	39 (78.0)	6 (66.7)	31 (86.1)	0.326^†
Surgical procedure, n (%)
Native valve-sparing	26 (52.0)	6 (66.7)	20 (55.6)	0.712^†
Valve repair/reconstruction	12 (24.0)	3 (33.3)	12 (33.3)	>0.999^†
Mechanical valve replacement	4 (8.0)	1 (11.1)	3 (8.3)	>0.999^†
Bioprosthetic valve replacement	8 (16.0)	0 (0.0)	7 (19.4)	0.315^†
Valved-conduit replacement	10 (20.0)	1 (11.1)	6 (16.7)	>0.999^†
Others	3 (6.0)	1 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	0.200^†

IE: infective endocarditis; IQR: interquartile range; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; SD: standard deviation.

†

Fisher’s exact test.

Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Student’s t-test.

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