Baseline Characteristics of Physicians and Their Residents, Based on Physician Randomization to Static Versus Dynamic Audit and Feedback Report
| Physician and Resident Baseline Characteristics . | . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physician Characteristics . | Static report . | Dynamic report . | Total . | . |
| . | N = 171 . | N = 172 . | N = 343 . | Standardized Difference . |
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 57 (47–66) | 59 (50–67) | 58 (48–67) | 0.10 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 55 (32.2) | 53 (30.8) | 108 (31.5) | 0.03 |
| Years of practice | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (17–41) | 33 (23–40) | 31 (20–41) | 0.10 |
| Foreign graduate, no. (%) | 26 (15.2) | 24 (14.0) | 50 (14.6) | 0.04 |
| No. of patients | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 61 (33–104) | 62 (33–112) | 61 (33–109) | 0.02 |
| Baseline antibiotic prescribing | ||||
| Antibiotic initiation in quarters of 2018 (% of patients) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 24 (17–29) | 23 (17–27) | 23 (17–29) | 0.17 |
| Use of prolonged duration antibiotics in quarters of 2018 (% of prescriptions) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 17 (8–29) | 16 (7–25) | 17 (7–29) | 0.09 |
| Long-Term Care Residents’ Baseline Characteristics | ||||
| Static report | Dynamic report | Total | Standardized Difference | |
| N = 17 456 | N = 18 738 | N = 36 194 | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 86 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 0.02 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 11 795 (67.6%) | 12 546 (67.0%) | 24 341 (67.3%) | 0.01 |
| Nearest census-based neighborhood income quintile, no. (%) | ||||
| 1 | 5707 (32.9%) | 5431 (29.2%) | 11 138 (31.0%) | 0.08 |
| 2 | 3769 (21.7%) | 3953 (21.2%) | 7722 (21.5%) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 2609 (15.0%) | 3941 (21.2%) | 6550 (18.2%) | 0.16 |
| 4 | 2874 (16.5%) | 2757 (14.8%) | 5631 (15.6%) | 0.05 |
| 5 | 2401 (13.8%) | 2527 (13.6%) | 4928 (13.7%) | 0.01 |
| Rural, no. (%) | 2381 (13.7%) | 1671 (9.0%) | 4052 (11.3%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic conditions, no. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4641 (26.8%) | 5177 (27.8%) | 9818 (27.3%) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2047 (11.8%) | 2104 (11.3%) | 4151 (11.6%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 11 204 (64.7%) | 11 866 (63.8%) | 23 070 (64.3%) | 0.02 |
| Arteriosclerotic heart disease | 2714 (15.7%) | 2597 (14.0%) | 5311 (14.8%) | 0.05 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 899 (5.2%) | 1032 (5.6%) | 1931 (5.4%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1006 (5.8%) | 993 (5.3%) | 1999 (5.6%) | 0.02 |
| Alzheimer’s disease or dementia | 10 837 (62.6%) | 11 819 (63.6%) | 22 656 (63.1%) | 0.02 |
| Cancer | 1611 (9.3%) | 1682 (9.0%) | 3293 (9.2%) | 0.01 |
| Emphysema or asthma | 3101 (17.9%) | 3316 (17.8%) | 6417 (17.9%) | 0 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 1077 (6.2%) | 1199 (6.4%) | 2276 (6.3%) | 0.01 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4796 (27.7%) | 5215 (28.1%) | 10 011 (27.9%) | 0.01 |
| Liver disease | 204 (1.2%) | 296 (1.6%) | 500 (1.4%) | 0.04 |
| Renal failure | 2017 (11.7%) | 1948 (10.5%) | 3965 (11.0%) | 0.04 |
| Functional status, no. (%) | ||||
| Requires assistance transferring | 13 334 (77.0%) | 14 457 (77.8%) | 27 791 (77.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance dressing | 15 876 (91.7%) | 17 034 (91.6%) | 32 910 (91.7%) | 0 |
| Requires assistance eating | 6719 (38.8%) | 7728 (41.6%) | 14 447 (40.2%) | 0.06 |
| Requires assistance toileting | 15 235 (88.0%) | 16 483 (88.7%) | 31 718 (88.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance with hygiene | 15 859 (91.6%) | 17 121 (92.1%) | 32 980 (91.9%) | 0.02 |
| Bowel incontinence | 9371 (54.1%) | 10 400 (55.9%) | 19 771 (55.1%) | 0.04 |
| Bladder incontinence | 13 414 (77.5%) | 14 364 (77.3%) | 27 778 (77.4%) | 0.01 |
| Hearing impairment | 2222 (12.8%) | 2325 (12.5%) | 4547 (12.7%) | 0.01 |
| Visual impairment | 2889 (16.7%) | 3172 (17.1%) | 6061 (16.9%) | 0.01 |
| Devices/interventions, no. (%) | ||||
| Urinary catheter | 868 (5.0%) | 917 (4.9%) | 1785 (5.0%) | 0 |
| Dialysis | 110 (0.6%) | 126 (0.7%) | 236 (0.7%) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous medications | 582 (3.4%) | 625 (3.4%) | 1207 (3.4%) | 0 |
| Tracheostomy | 10 (0.1%) | 7 (0.0%) | 17 (0.0%) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory ventilator | 17 (0.1%) | 20 (0.1%) | 37 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Feeding tube | 158 (0.9%) | 182 (1.0%) | 340 (0.9%) | 0.01 |
| Physician and Resident Baseline Characteristics . | . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physician Characteristics . | Static report . | Dynamic report . | Total . | . |
| . | N = 171 . | N = 172 . | N = 343 . | Standardized Difference . |
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 57 (47–66) | 59 (50–67) | 58 (48–67) | 0.10 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 55 (32.2) | 53 (30.8) | 108 (31.5) | 0.03 |
| Years of practice | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (17–41) | 33 (23–40) | 31 (20–41) | 0.10 |
| Foreign graduate, no. (%) | 26 (15.2) | 24 (14.0) | 50 (14.6) | 0.04 |
| No. of patients | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 61 (33–104) | 62 (33–112) | 61 (33–109) | 0.02 |
| Baseline antibiotic prescribing | ||||
| Antibiotic initiation in quarters of 2018 (% of patients) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 24 (17–29) | 23 (17–27) | 23 (17–29) | 0.17 |
| Use of prolonged duration antibiotics in quarters of 2018 (% of prescriptions) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 17 (8–29) | 16 (7–25) | 17 (7–29) | 0.09 |
| Long-Term Care Residents’ Baseline Characteristics | ||||
| Static report | Dynamic report | Total | Standardized Difference | |
| N = 17 456 | N = 18 738 | N = 36 194 | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 86 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 0.02 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 11 795 (67.6%) | 12 546 (67.0%) | 24 341 (67.3%) | 0.01 |
| Nearest census-based neighborhood income quintile, no. (%) | ||||
| 1 | 5707 (32.9%) | 5431 (29.2%) | 11 138 (31.0%) | 0.08 |
| 2 | 3769 (21.7%) | 3953 (21.2%) | 7722 (21.5%) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 2609 (15.0%) | 3941 (21.2%) | 6550 (18.2%) | 0.16 |
| 4 | 2874 (16.5%) | 2757 (14.8%) | 5631 (15.6%) | 0.05 |
| 5 | 2401 (13.8%) | 2527 (13.6%) | 4928 (13.7%) | 0.01 |
| Rural, no. (%) | 2381 (13.7%) | 1671 (9.0%) | 4052 (11.3%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic conditions, no. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4641 (26.8%) | 5177 (27.8%) | 9818 (27.3%) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2047 (11.8%) | 2104 (11.3%) | 4151 (11.6%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 11 204 (64.7%) | 11 866 (63.8%) | 23 070 (64.3%) | 0.02 |
| Arteriosclerotic heart disease | 2714 (15.7%) | 2597 (14.0%) | 5311 (14.8%) | 0.05 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 899 (5.2%) | 1032 (5.6%) | 1931 (5.4%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1006 (5.8%) | 993 (5.3%) | 1999 (5.6%) | 0.02 |
| Alzheimer’s disease or dementia | 10 837 (62.6%) | 11 819 (63.6%) | 22 656 (63.1%) | 0.02 |
| Cancer | 1611 (9.3%) | 1682 (9.0%) | 3293 (9.2%) | 0.01 |
| Emphysema or asthma | 3101 (17.9%) | 3316 (17.8%) | 6417 (17.9%) | 0 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 1077 (6.2%) | 1199 (6.4%) | 2276 (6.3%) | 0.01 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4796 (27.7%) | 5215 (28.1%) | 10 011 (27.9%) | 0.01 |
| Liver disease | 204 (1.2%) | 296 (1.6%) | 500 (1.4%) | 0.04 |
| Renal failure | 2017 (11.7%) | 1948 (10.5%) | 3965 (11.0%) | 0.04 |
| Functional status, no. (%) | ||||
| Requires assistance transferring | 13 334 (77.0%) | 14 457 (77.8%) | 27 791 (77.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance dressing | 15 876 (91.7%) | 17 034 (91.6%) | 32 910 (91.7%) | 0 |
| Requires assistance eating | 6719 (38.8%) | 7728 (41.6%) | 14 447 (40.2%) | 0.06 |
| Requires assistance toileting | 15 235 (88.0%) | 16 483 (88.7%) | 31 718 (88.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance with hygiene | 15 859 (91.6%) | 17 121 (92.1%) | 32 980 (91.9%) | 0.02 |
| Bowel incontinence | 9371 (54.1%) | 10 400 (55.9%) | 19 771 (55.1%) | 0.04 |
| Bladder incontinence | 13 414 (77.5%) | 14 364 (77.3%) | 27 778 (77.4%) | 0.01 |
| Hearing impairment | 2222 (12.8%) | 2325 (12.5%) | 4547 (12.7%) | 0.01 |
| Visual impairment | 2889 (16.7%) | 3172 (17.1%) | 6061 (16.9%) | 0.01 |
| Devices/interventions, no. (%) | ||||
| Urinary catheter | 868 (5.0%) | 917 (4.9%) | 1785 (5.0%) | 0 |
| Dialysis | 110 (0.6%) | 126 (0.7%) | 236 (0.7%) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous medications | 582 (3.4%) | 625 (3.4%) | 1207 (3.4%) | 0 |
| Tracheostomy | 10 (0.1%) | 7 (0.0%) | 17 (0.0%) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory ventilator | 17 (0.1%) | 20 (0.1%) | 37 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Feeding tube | 158 (0.9%) | 182 (1.0%) | 340 (0.9%) | 0.01 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
Baseline Characteristics of Physicians and Their Residents, Based on Physician Randomization to Static Versus Dynamic Audit and Feedback Report
| Physician and Resident Baseline Characteristics . | . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physician Characteristics . | Static report . | Dynamic report . | Total . | . |
| . | N = 171 . | N = 172 . | N = 343 . | Standardized Difference . |
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 57 (47–66) | 59 (50–67) | 58 (48–67) | 0.10 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 55 (32.2) | 53 (30.8) | 108 (31.5) | 0.03 |
| Years of practice | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (17–41) | 33 (23–40) | 31 (20–41) | 0.10 |
| Foreign graduate, no. (%) | 26 (15.2) | 24 (14.0) | 50 (14.6) | 0.04 |
| No. of patients | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 61 (33–104) | 62 (33–112) | 61 (33–109) | 0.02 |
| Baseline antibiotic prescribing | ||||
| Antibiotic initiation in quarters of 2018 (% of patients) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 24 (17–29) | 23 (17–27) | 23 (17–29) | 0.17 |
| Use of prolonged duration antibiotics in quarters of 2018 (% of prescriptions) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 17 (8–29) | 16 (7–25) | 17 (7–29) | 0.09 |
| Long-Term Care Residents’ Baseline Characteristics | ||||
| Static report | Dynamic report | Total | Standardized Difference | |
| N = 17 456 | N = 18 738 | N = 36 194 | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 86 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 0.02 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 11 795 (67.6%) | 12 546 (67.0%) | 24 341 (67.3%) | 0.01 |
| Nearest census-based neighborhood income quintile, no. (%) | ||||
| 1 | 5707 (32.9%) | 5431 (29.2%) | 11 138 (31.0%) | 0.08 |
| 2 | 3769 (21.7%) | 3953 (21.2%) | 7722 (21.5%) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 2609 (15.0%) | 3941 (21.2%) | 6550 (18.2%) | 0.16 |
| 4 | 2874 (16.5%) | 2757 (14.8%) | 5631 (15.6%) | 0.05 |
| 5 | 2401 (13.8%) | 2527 (13.6%) | 4928 (13.7%) | 0.01 |
| Rural, no. (%) | 2381 (13.7%) | 1671 (9.0%) | 4052 (11.3%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic conditions, no. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4641 (26.8%) | 5177 (27.8%) | 9818 (27.3%) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2047 (11.8%) | 2104 (11.3%) | 4151 (11.6%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 11 204 (64.7%) | 11 866 (63.8%) | 23 070 (64.3%) | 0.02 |
| Arteriosclerotic heart disease | 2714 (15.7%) | 2597 (14.0%) | 5311 (14.8%) | 0.05 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 899 (5.2%) | 1032 (5.6%) | 1931 (5.4%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1006 (5.8%) | 993 (5.3%) | 1999 (5.6%) | 0.02 |
| Alzheimer’s disease or dementia | 10 837 (62.6%) | 11 819 (63.6%) | 22 656 (63.1%) | 0.02 |
| Cancer | 1611 (9.3%) | 1682 (9.0%) | 3293 (9.2%) | 0.01 |
| Emphysema or asthma | 3101 (17.9%) | 3316 (17.8%) | 6417 (17.9%) | 0 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 1077 (6.2%) | 1199 (6.4%) | 2276 (6.3%) | 0.01 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4796 (27.7%) | 5215 (28.1%) | 10 011 (27.9%) | 0.01 |
| Liver disease | 204 (1.2%) | 296 (1.6%) | 500 (1.4%) | 0.04 |
| Renal failure | 2017 (11.7%) | 1948 (10.5%) | 3965 (11.0%) | 0.04 |
| Functional status, no. (%) | ||||
| Requires assistance transferring | 13 334 (77.0%) | 14 457 (77.8%) | 27 791 (77.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance dressing | 15 876 (91.7%) | 17 034 (91.6%) | 32 910 (91.7%) | 0 |
| Requires assistance eating | 6719 (38.8%) | 7728 (41.6%) | 14 447 (40.2%) | 0.06 |
| Requires assistance toileting | 15 235 (88.0%) | 16 483 (88.7%) | 31 718 (88.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance with hygiene | 15 859 (91.6%) | 17 121 (92.1%) | 32 980 (91.9%) | 0.02 |
| Bowel incontinence | 9371 (54.1%) | 10 400 (55.9%) | 19 771 (55.1%) | 0.04 |
| Bladder incontinence | 13 414 (77.5%) | 14 364 (77.3%) | 27 778 (77.4%) | 0.01 |
| Hearing impairment | 2222 (12.8%) | 2325 (12.5%) | 4547 (12.7%) | 0.01 |
| Visual impairment | 2889 (16.7%) | 3172 (17.1%) | 6061 (16.9%) | 0.01 |
| Devices/interventions, no. (%) | ||||
| Urinary catheter | 868 (5.0%) | 917 (4.9%) | 1785 (5.0%) | 0 |
| Dialysis | 110 (0.6%) | 126 (0.7%) | 236 (0.7%) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous medications | 582 (3.4%) | 625 (3.4%) | 1207 (3.4%) | 0 |
| Tracheostomy | 10 (0.1%) | 7 (0.0%) | 17 (0.0%) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory ventilator | 17 (0.1%) | 20 (0.1%) | 37 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Feeding tube | 158 (0.9%) | 182 (1.0%) | 340 (0.9%) | 0.01 |
| Physician and Resident Baseline Characteristics . | . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physician Characteristics . | Static report . | Dynamic report . | Total . | . |
| . | N = 171 . | N = 172 . | N = 343 . | Standardized Difference . |
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 57 (47–66) | 59 (50–67) | 58 (48–67) | 0.10 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 55 (32.2) | 53 (30.8) | 108 (31.5) | 0.03 |
| Years of practice | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (17–41) | 33 (23–40) | 31 (20–41) | 0.10 |
| Foreign graduate, no. (%) | 26 (15.2) | 24 (14.0) | 50 (14.6) | 0.04 |
| No. of patients | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 61 (33–104) | 62 (33–112) | 61 (33–109) | 0.02 |
| Baseline antibiotic prescribing | ||||
| Antibiotic initiation in quarters of 2018 (% of patients) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 24 (17–29) | 23 (17–27) | 23 (17–29) | 0.17 |
| Use of prolonged duration antibiotics in quarters of 2018 (% of prescriptions) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 17 (8–29) | 16 (7–25) | 17 (7–29) | 0.09 |
| Long-Term Care Residents’ Baseline Characteristics | ||||
| Static report | Dynamic report | Total | Standardized Difference | |
| N = 17 456 | N = 18 738 | N = 36 194 | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 86 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 85 (78–91) | 0.02 |
| Sex, no. (%) female | 11 795 (67.6%) | 12 546 (67.0%) | 24 341 (67.3%) | 0.01 |
| Nearest census-based neighborhood income quintile, no. (%) | ||||
| 1 | 5707 (32.9%) | 5431 (29.2%) | 11 138 (31.0%) | 0.08 |
| 2 | 3769 (21.7%) | 3953 (21.2%) | 7722 (21.5%) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 2609 (15.0%) | 3941 (21.2%) | 6550 (18.2%) | 0.16 |
| 4 | 2874 (16.5%) | 2757 (14.8%) | 5631 (15.6%) | 0.05 |
| 5 | 2401 (13.8%) | 2527 (13.6%) | 4928 (13.7%) | 0.01 |
| Rural, no. (%) | 2381 (13.7%) | 1671 (9.0%) | 4052 (11.3%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic conditions, no. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4641 (26.8%) | 5177 (27.8%) | 9818 (27.3%) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2047 (11.8%) | 2104 (11.3%) | 4151 (11.6%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 11 204 (64.7%) | 11 866 (63.8%) | 23 070 (64.3%) | 0.02 |
| Arteriosclerotic heart disease | 2714 (15.7%) | 2597 (14.0%) | 5311 (14.8%) | 0.05 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 899 (5.2%) | 1032 (5.6%) | 1931 (5.4%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1006 (5.8%) | 993 (5.3%) | 1999 (5.6%) | 0.02 |
| Alzheimer’s disease or dementia | 10 837 (62.6%) | 11 819 (63.6%) | 22 656 (63.1%) | 0.02 |
| Cancer | 1611 (9.3%) | 1682 (9.0%) | 3293 (9.2%) | 0.01 |
| Emphysema or asthma | 3101 (17.9%) | 3316 (17.8%) | 6417 (17.9%) | 0 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 1077 (6.2%) | 1199 (6.4%) | 2276 (6.3%) | 0.01 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4796 (27.7%) | 5215 (28.1%) | 10 011 (27.9%) | 0.01 |
| Liver disease | 204 (1.2%) | 296 (1.6%) | 500 (1.4%) | 0.04 |
| Renal failure | 2017 (11.7%) | 1948 (10.5%) | 3965 (11.0%) | 0.04 |
| Functional status, no. (%) | ||||
| Requires assistance transferring | 13 334 (77.0%) | 14 457 (77.8%) | 27 791 (77.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance dressing | 15 876 (91.7%) | 17 034 (91.6%) | 32 910 (91.7%) | 0 |
| Requires assistance eating | 6719 (38.8%) | 7728 (41.6%) | 14 447 (40.2%) | 0.06 |
| Requires assistance toileting | 15 235 (88.0%) | 16 483 (88.7%) | 31 718 (88.4%) | 0.02 |
| Requires assistance with hygiene | 15 859 (91.6%) | 17 121 (92.1%) | 32 980 (91.9%) | 0.02 |
| Bowel incontinence | 9371 (54.1%) | 10 400 (55.9%) | 19 771 (55.1%) | 0.04 |
| Bladder incontinence | 13 414 (77.5%) | 14 364 (77.3%) | 27 778 (77.4%) | 0.01 |
| Hearing impairment | 2222 (12.8%) | 2325 (12.5%) | 4547 (12.7%) | 0.01 |
| Visual impairment | 2889 (16.7%) | 3172 (17.1%) | 6061 (16.9%) | 0.01 |
| Devices/interventions, no. (%) | ||||
| Urinary catheter | 868 (5.0%) | 917 (4.9%) | 1785 (5.0%) | 0 |
| Dialysis | 110 (0.6%) | 126 (0.7%) | 236 (0.7%) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous medications | 582 (3.4%) | 625 (3.4%) | 1207 (3.4%) | 0 |
| Tracheostomy | 10 (0.1%) | 7 (0.0%) | 17 (0.0%) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory ventilator | 17 (0.1%) | 20 (0.1%) | 37 (0.1%) | 0 |
| Feeding tube | 158 (0.9%) | 182 (1.0%) | 340 (0.9%) | 0.01 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
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