Table 3
Open in new tab

Risk of relapse in patients treated and not treated with TMP/SMX in the different studies

ReferencesMedian follow-up duration, months (IQR)TMP/SMX,
no. of patients in remission (%)		Controls,
no. of patients in remission (%)		TMP/SMX,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		Controls,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		RR for relapse (95% CI)

Stegeman et al. [5]

24

31

(82)

23

(60)

NS

NS

0.4

(0.17–0.98)

Zycinska et al. [8]

18

12

(75)

8

(55)

NS

NS

0.8

(0.21–1.20)

Reinhold-Keller et al. [9]

Group 1a:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 33 (3–88)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 23 (4–73);

no treatment: 18 (range 6–84);

TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group 1a:

11 (57.9)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 14 (58.3);

TMP/SMX + GC: 0

(0)

Group 2b:

no treatment: 15 (71.4)

Group 1a:

8 (42.1)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 10 (41.7);

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

—

Group 2b:

No treatment: 6

(28.6)

—

NS

de Groot et al. [10]

Group A: MTX: 16 (5–30)

Group B: TMP/SMX: 23 (4–73)

Group C: MTX + GC: 20 (4–34)

Group D: TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 14 (58.3)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 0 (0)

Group A:

MTX: 19 (86.3)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (90.9)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 10 (41.7)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

Group A:

MTX: 3 (13.6)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (9.1)

Group A vs B:

P < 0.05

Group C vs D:

P < 0.005

Holle et al. [11]

4 years (1–14.5)

7 (27):

4 (8) remained on maintenance with TMP/SMX monotherapy + 3 (6) with TMP/SMX + GC

10 (41)

19

(73)

NS

NS

Salmela et al. [4]

Study 1c: 12

Study 2c: 18

NS

NS

15

(27.3)

50

(34.5)

0.71

(0.36–1.41); P = 0.33

Yegin et al. [12]

Mean (s.d.): 38.3 (37.4)NSNS

No relapse: 8/8 (100) on TMP/SMX

; relapse: 4/8 (50) on TMP/SMX

NS23.2 (2.07–250); P = 0.011 for reduced risk of relapse
ReferencesMedian follow-up duration, months (IQR)TMP/SMX,
no. of patients in remission (%)		Controls,
no. of patients in remission (%)		TMP/SMX,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		Controls,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		RR for relapse (95% CI)

Stegeman et al. [5]

24

31

(82)

23

(60)

NS

NS

0.4

(0.17–0.98)

Zycinska et al. [8]

18

12

(75)

8

(55)

NS

NS

0.8

(0.21–1.20)

Reinhold-Keller et al. [9]

Group 1a:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 33 (3–88)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 23 (4–73);

no treatment: 18 (range 6–84);

TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group 1a:

11 (57.9)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 14 (58.3);

TMP/SMX + GC: 0

(0)

Group 2b:

no treatment: 15 (71.4)

Group 1a:

8 (42.1)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 10 (41.7);

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

—

Group 2b:

No treatment: 6

(28.6)

—

NS

de Groot et al. [10]

Group A: MTX: 16 (5–30)

Group B: TMP/SMX: 23 (4–73)

Group C: MTX + GC: 20 (4–34)

Group D: TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 14 (58.3)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 0 (0)

Group A:

MTX: 19 (86.3)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (90.9)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 10 (41.7)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

Group A:

MTX: 3 (13.6)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (9.1)

Group A vs B:

P < 0.05

Group C vs D:

P < 0.005

Holle et al. [11]

4 years (1–14.5)

7 (27):

4 (8) remained on maintenance with TMP/SMX monotherapy + 3 (6) with TMP/SMX + GC

10 (41)

19

(73)

NS

NS

Salmela et al. [4]

Study 1c: 12

Study 2c: 18

NS

NS

15

(27.3)

50

(34.5)

0.71

(0.36–1.41); P = 0.33

Yegin et al. [12]

Mean (s.d.): 38.3 (37.4)NSNS

No relapse: 8/8 (100) on TMP/SMX

; relapse: 4/8 (50) on TMP/SMX

NS23.2 (2.07–250); P = 0.011 for reduced risk of relapse
a

Group 1: induction therapy in initial-phase/limited GPA.

b

Group 2: maintenance of remission in generalized GPA.

c

Studies 1 and 2: data collected from two different randomized controlled trials (NORAM [14] and CYCAZAREM [15]) to assess the association between chronic nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and relapses. GC: glucocorticoid; GPA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis; IQR: interquartile range; NS: not specified; RR: risk ratio; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole.

Table 3
Open in new tab

Risk of relapse in patients treated and not treated with TMP/SMX in the different studies

ReferencesMedian follow-up duration, months (IQR)TMP/SMX,
no. of patients in remission (%)		Controls,
no. of patients in remission (%)		TMP/SMX,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		Controls,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		RR for relapse (95% CI)

Stegeman et al. [5]

24

31

(82)

23

(60)

NS

NS

0.4

(0.17–0.98)

Zycinska et al. [8]

18

12

(75)

8

(55)

NS

NS

0.8

(0.21–1.20)

Reinhold-Keller et al. [9]

Group 1a:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 33 (3–88)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 23 (4–73);

no treatment: 18 (range 6–84);

TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group 1a:

11 (57.9)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 14 (58.3);

TMP/SMX + GC: 0

(0)

Group 2b:

no treatment: 15 (71.4)

Group 1a:

8 (42.1)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 10 (41.7);

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

—

Group 2b:

No treatment: 6

(28.6)

—

NS

de Groot et al. [10]

Group A: MTX: 16 (5–30)

Group B: TMP/SMX: 23 (4–73)

Group C: MTX + GC: 20 (4–34)

Group D: TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 14 (58.3)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 0 (0)

Group A:

MTX: 19 (86.3)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (90.9)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 10 (41.7)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

Group A:

MTX: 3 (13.6)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (9.1)

Group A vs B:

P < 0.05

Group C vs D:

P < 0.005

Holle et al. [11]

4 years (1–14.5)

7 (27):

4 (8) remained on maintenance with TMP/SMX monotherapy + 3 (6) with TMP/SMX + GC

10 (41)

19

(73)

NS

NS

Salmela et al. [4]

Study 1c: 12

Study 2c: 18

NS

NS

15

(27.3)

50

(34.5)

0.71

(0.36–1.41); P = 0.33

Yegin et al. [12]

Mean (s.d.): 38.3 (37.4)NSNS

No relapse: 8/8 (100) on TMP/SMX

; relapse: 4/8 (50) on TMP/SMX

NS23.2 (2.07–250); P = 0.011 for reduced risk of relapse
ReferencesMedian follow-up duration, months (IQR)TMP/SMX,
no. of patients in remission (%)		Controls,
no. of patients in remission (%)		TMP/SMX,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		Controls,
no. of patients with relapse (%)		RR for relapse (95% CI)

Stegeman et al. [5]

24

31

(82)

23

(60)

NS

NS

0.4

(0.17–0.98)

Zycinska et al. [8]

18

12

(75)

8

(55)

NS

NS

0.8

(0.21–1.20)

Reinhold-Keller et al. [9]

Group 1a:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 33 (3–88)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 23 (4–73);

no treatment: 18 (range 6–84);

TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group 1a:

11 (57.9)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 14 (58.3);

TMP/SMX + GC: 0

(0)

Group 2b:

no treatment: 15 (71.4)

Group 1a:

8 (42.1)

Group 2b:

TMP/SMX monotherapy: 10 (41.7);

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

—

Group 2b:

No treatment: 6

(28.6)

—

NS

de Groot et al. [10]

Group A: MTX: 16 (5–30)

Group B: TMP/SMX: 23 (4–73)

Group C: MTX + GC: 20 (4–34)

Group D: TMP/SMX + GC: 14.5 (2–24)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 14 (58.3)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 0 (0)

Group A:

MTX: 19 (86.3)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (90.9)

Group B:

TMP/SMX: 10 (41.7)

Group D:

TMP/SMX + GC: 8 (100)

Group A:

MTX: 3 (13.6)

Group C:

MTX + GC: 10 (9.1)

Group A vs B:

P < 0.05

Group C vs D:

P < 0.005

Holle et al. [11]

4 years (1–14.5)

7 (27):

4 (8) remained on maintenance with TMP/SMX monotherapy + 3 (6) with TMP/SMX + GC

10 (41)

19

(73)

NS

NS

Salmela et al. [4]

Study 1c: 12

Study 2c: 18

NS

NS

15

(27.3)

50

(34.5)

0.71

(0.36–1.41); P = 0.33

Yegin et al. [12]

Mean (s.d.): 38.3 (37.4)NSNS

No relapse: 8/8 (100) on TMP/SMX

; relapse: 4/8 (50) on TMP/SMX

NS23.2 (2.07–250); P = 0.011 for reduced risk of relapse
a

Group 1: induction therapy in initial-phase/limited GPA.

b

Group 2: maintenance of remission in generalized GPA.

c

Studies 1 and 2: data collected from two different randomized controlled trials (NORAM [14] and CYCAZAREM [15]) to assess the association between chronic nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and relapses. GC: glucocorticoid; GPA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis; IQR: interquartile range; NS: not specified; RR: risk ratio; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole.

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