Table 2: Open in new tab Directional...

		C	E	Vegetation context-modified selection
Female fitness	2018
	Flowering start	−0.080 ± 0.039	0.043	0.072 ± 0.047	0.129	−0.152	0.026
	Plant height	0.050 ± 0.048	0.3	0.172 ± 0.070	0.015	−0.122	0.002
	Corolla size	0.074 ± 0.039	0.065	0.073 ± 0.052	0.157	0.001	0.882
	Number of flowers	0.332 ± 0.046	<0.001	0.440 ± 0.065	<0.001	−0.108	0.167
	2019
	Flowering start	0.061 ± 0.040	0.13	−0.012 ± 0.049	0.807	0.073	0.345
	Plant height	0.011 ± 0.043	0.788	0.245 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.234	<0.001
	Corolla size	0.068 ± 0.041	0.103	0.024 ± 0.054	0.658	0.044	0.518
	Number of flowers	0.531 ± 0.043	<0.001	0.533 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.002	0.973
Pollen removal	2018
	Flowering start	−0.020 ± 0.013	0.131	0.038 ± 0.010	<0.001	−0.058	0.001
	Plant height	−0.050 ± 0.016	0.002	0.001 ± 0.015	0.95	−0.051	0.068
	Corolla size	0.010 ± 0.013	0.464	−0.025 ± 0.011	0.023	0.035	0.054
	Number of flowers	0.336 ± 0.015	<0.001	0.322 ± 0.014	<0.001	0.014	0.52
	2019
	Flowering start	−0.042 ± 0.016	0.007	0.003 ± 0.004	0.488	−0.045	0.002
	Plant height	−0.010 ± 0.016	0.525	0.005 ± 0.005	0.279	−0.015	0.262
	Corolla size	0.018 ± 0.016	0.262	−0.005 ± 0.004	0.218	0.023	0.222
	Number of flowers	0.324 ± 0.016	<0.001	0.345 ± 0.005	<0.001	−0.021	0.25

Vegetation context-modified selection

Terms

Floral traits

β_{_i} ± SE

Δβ

Female fitness

2018

Flowering start

−0.080 ± 0.039

0.043

0.072 ± 0.047

0.129

−0.152

0.026

Plant height

0.050 ± 0.048

0.3

0.172 ± 0.070

0.015

−0.122

0.002

Corolla size

0.074 ± 0.039

0.065

0.073 ± 0.052

0.157

0.001

0.882

Number of flowers

0.332 ± 0.046

<0.001

0.440 ± 0.065

<0.001

−0.108

0.167

2019

Flowering start

0.061 ± 0.040

0.13

−0.012 ± 0.049

0.807

0.073

0.345

Plant height

0.011 ± 0.043

0.788

0.245 ± 0.060

<0.001

−0.234

<0.001

Corolla size

0.068 ± 0.041

0.103

0.024 ± 0.054

0.658

0.044

0.518

Number of flowers

0.531 ± 0.043

<0.001

0.533 ± 0.060

<0.001

−0.002

0.973

Pollen removal

2018

Flowering start

−0.020 ± 0.013

0.131

0.038 ± 0.010

<0.001

−0.058

0.001

Plant height

−0.050 ± 0.016

0.002

0.001 ± 0.015

0.95

−0.051

0.068

Corolla size

0.010 ± 0.013

0.464

−0.025 ± 0.011

0.023

0.035

0.054

Number of flowers

0.336 ± 0.015

<0.001

0.322 ± 0.014

<0.001

0.014

0.52

2019

Flowering start

−0.042 ± 0.016

0.007

0.003 ± 0.004

0.488

−0.045

0.002

Plant height

−0.010 ± 0.016

0.525

0.005 ± 0.005

0.279

−0.015

0.262

Corolla size

0.018 ± 0.016

0.262

−0.005 ± 0.004

0.218

0.023

0.222

Number of flowers

0.324 ± 0.016

<0.001

0.345 ± 0.005

<0.001

−0.021

0.25

		C	E	Vegetation context-modified selection
Female fitness	2018
	Flowering start	−0.080 ± 0.039	0.043	0.072 ± 0.047	0.129	−0.152	0.026
	Plant height	0.050 ± 0.048	0.3	0.172 ± 0.070	0.015	−0.122	0.002
	Corolla size	0.074 ± 0.039	0.065	0.073 ± 0.052	0.157	0.001	0.882
	Number of flowers	0.332 ± 0.046	<0.001	0.440 ± 0.065	<0.001	−0.108	0.167
	2019
	Flowering start	0.061 ± 0.040	0.13	−0.012 ± 0.049	0.807	0.073	0.345
	Plant height	0.011 ± 0.043	0.788	0.245 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.234	<0.001
	Corolla size	0.068 ± 0.041	0.103	0.024 ± 0.054	0.658	0.044	0.518
	Number of flowers	0.531 ± 0.043	<0.001	0.533 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.002	0.973
Pollen removal	2018
	Flowering start	−0.020 ± 0.013	0.131	0.038 ± 0.010	<0.001	−0.058	0.001
	Plant height	−0.050 ± 0.016	0.002	0.001 ± 0.015	0.95	−0.051	0.068
	Corolla size	0.010 ± 0.013	0.464	−0.025 ± 0.011	0.023	0.035	0.054
	Number of flowers	0.336 ± 0.015	<0.001	0.322 ± 0.014	<0.001	0.014	0.52
	2019
	Flowering start	−0.042 ± 0.016	0.007	0.003 ± 0.004	0.488	−0.045	0.002
	Plant height	−0.010 ± 0.016	0.525	0.005 ± 0.005	0.279	−0.015	0.262
	Corolla size	0.018 ± 0.016	0.262	−0.005 ± 0.004	0.218	0.023	0.222
	Number of flowers	0.324 ± 0.016	<0.001	0.345 ± 0.005	<0.001	−0.021	0.25

Table 2:

Open in new tab

Directional selection gradients and associated P values among natural vegetation (C) and short vegetation (E) treatments in the Spiranthes sinensis population in 2018 and 2019

		C		E		Vegetation context-modified selection
Terms	Floral traits	β_{_i} ± SE	P	β_{_i} ± SE	P	Δβ	P
Female fitness	2018
	Flowering start	−0.080 ± 0.039	0.043	0.072 ± 0.047	0.129	−0.152	0.026
	Plant height	0.050 ± 0.048	0.3	0.172 ± 0.070	0.015	−0.122	0.002
	Corolla size	0.074 ± 0.039	0.065	0.073 ± 0.052	0.157	0.001	0.882
	Number of flowers	0.332 ± 0.046	<0.001	0.440 ± 0.065	<0.001	−0.108	0.167
	2019
	Flowering start	0.061 ± 0.040	0.13	−0.012 ± 0.049	0.807	0.073	0.345
	Plant height	0.011 ± 0.043	0.788	0.245 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.234	<0.001
	Corolla size	0.068 ± 0.041	0.103	0.024 ± 0.054	0.658	0.044	0.518
	Number of flowers	0.531 ± 0.043	<0.001	0.533 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.002	0.973
Pollen removal	2018
	Flowering start	−0.020 ± 0.013	0.131	0.038 ± 0.010	<0.001	−0.058	0.001
	Plant height	−0.050 ± 0.016	0.002	0.001 ± 0.015	0.95	−0.051	0.068
	Corolla size	0.010 ± 0.013	0.464	−0.025 ± 0.011	0.023	0.035	0.054
	Number of flowers	0.336 ± 0.015	<0.001	0.322 ± 0.014	<0.001	0.014	0.52
	2019
	Flowering start	−0.042 ± 0.016	0.007	0.003 ± 0.004	0.488	−0.045	0.002
	Plant height	−0.010 ± 0.016	0.525	0.005 ± 0.005	0.279	−0.015	0.262
	Corolla size	0.018 ± 0.016	0.262	−0.005 ± 0.004	0.218	0.023	0.222
	Number of flowers	0.324 ± 0.016	<0.001	0.345 ± 0.005	<0.001	−0.021	0.25

		C		E		Vegetation context-modified selection
Terms	Floral traits	β_{_i} ± SE	P	β_{_i} ± SE	P	Δβ	P
Female fitness	2018
	Flowering start	−0.080 ± 0.039	0.043	0.072 ± 0.047	0.129	−0.152	0.026
	Plant height	0.050 ± 0.048	0.3	0.172 ± 0.070	0.015	−0.122	0.002
	Corolla size	0.074 ± 0.039	0.065	0.073 ± 0.052	0.157	0.001	0.882
	Number of flowers	0.332 ± 0.046	<0.001	0.440 ± 0.065	<0.001	−0.108	0.167
	2019
	Flowering start	0.061 ± 0.040	0.13	−0.012 ± 0.049	0.807	0.073	0.345
	Plant height	0.011 ± 0.043	0.788	0.245 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.234	<0.001
	Corolla size	0.068 ± 0.041	0.103	0.024 ± 0.054	0.658	0.044	0.518
	Number of flowers	0.531 ± 0.043	<0.001	0.533 ± 0.060	<0.001	−0.002	0.973
Pollen removal	2018
	Flowering start	−0.020 ± 0.013	0.131	0.038 ± 0.010	<0.001	−0.058	0.001
	Plant height	−0.050 ± 0.016	0.002	0.001 ± 0.015	0.95	−0.051	0.068
	Corolla size	0.010 ± 0.013	0.464	−0.025 ± 0.011	0.023	0.035	0.054
	Number of flowers	0.336 ± 0.015	<0.001	0.322 ± 0.014	<0.001	0.014	0.52
	2019
	Flowering start	−0.042 ± 0.016	0.007	0.003 ± 0.004	0.488	−0.045	0.002
	Plant height	−0.010 ± 0.016	0.525	0.005 ± 0.005	0.279	−0.015	0.262
	Corolla size	0.018 ± 0.016	0.262	−0.005 ± 0.004	0.218	0.023	0.222
	Number of flowers	0.324 ± 0.016	<0.001	0.345 ± 0.005	<0.001	−0.021	0.25

Vegetation context-modified selection gradients (Δβ = β_C – β_E) and P values associated with the treatment × trait interactions in ANCOVAs conducted separately for each year are also given. Significant selection estimates and their P-values are indicated in bold.

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