ELSA: Repeated Multivariate Analysisa of Baseline Performance and Change in Cognitive Function—Socioeconomic Position (SEP) Measures of Childhood and Adulthood
| . | Model 1: base model . | Model 2: childhood SEP index . | Model 3: education . | Model 4: wealth . | Model 5: all mobility variables . | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . |
| Baseline cognition | |||||||||||||||
| Intercept | 18.54 | *** | 0.81 | 18.26 | *** | 0.79 | 17.00 | *** | 0.77 | 18.44 | *** | 0.79 | 17.04 | *** | 0.76 |
| Control variables | |||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 |
| Sex (women) | 0.70 | *** | 0.06 | 0.66 | *** | 0.06 | 0.09 | *** | 0.06 | 0.73 | *** | 0.06 | 0.88 | *** | 0.06 |
| Cohortb | −0.07 | 0.09 | −0.11 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.09 | −0.21 | * | 0.09 | −0.18 | * | 0.09 | |||
| Married/partnered | 0.37 | *** | 0.08 | 0.33 | *** | 0.08 | 0.28 | *** | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 | ||
| Race/ethnicityc | 1.62 | *** | 0.23 | 1.77 | *** | 0.23 | 1.82 | *** | 0.22 | 1.59 | *** | 0.23 | 1.86 | *** | 0.22 |
| Practice effect | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 |
| Main effects | |||||||||||||||
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.87 | *** | 0.07 | 0.56 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 1.39 | *** | 0.07 | 1.21 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.73 | *** | 0.08 | 0.32 | *** | 0.08 | |||||||||
| Rate of cognitive change | |||||||||||||||
| Years since baseline | −0.09 | *** | 0.00 | −0.10 | *** | 0.01 | −0.11 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 |
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.02 | * | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 0.03 | *** | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | |||||||||
| . | Model 1: base model . | Model 2: childhood SEP index . | Model 3: education . | Model 4: wealth . | Model 5: all mobility variables . | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . |
| Baseline cognition | |||||||||||||||
| Intercept | 18.54 | *** | 0.81 | 18.26 | *** | 0.79 | 17.00 | *** | 0.77 | 18.44 | *** | 0.79 | 17.04 | *** | 0.76 |
| Control variables | |||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 |
| Sex (women) | 0.70 | *** | 0.06 | 0.66 | *** | 0.06 | 0.09 | *** | 0.06 | 0.73 | *** | 0.06 | 0.88 | *** | 0.06 |
| Cohortb | −0.07 | 0.09 | −0.11 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.09 | −0.21 | * | 0.09 | −0.18 | * | 0.09 | |||
| Married/partnered | 0.37 | *** | 0.08 | 0.33 | *** | 0.08 | 0.28 | *** | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 | ||
| Race/ethnicityc | 1.62 | *** | 0.23 | 1.77 | *** | 0.23 | 1.82 | *** | 0.22 | 1.59 | *** | 0.23 | 1.86 | *** | 0.22 |
| Practice effect | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 |
| Main effects | |||||||||||||||
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.87 | *** | 0.07 | 0.56 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 1.39 | *** | 0.07 | 1.21 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.73 | *** | 0.08 | 0.32 | *** | 0.08 | |||||||||
| Rate of cognitive change | |||||||||||||||
| Years since baseline | −0.09 | *** | 0.00 | −0.10 | *** | 0.01 | −0.11 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 |
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.02 | * | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 0.03 | *** | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | |||||||||
Notes: aModels fit with STATA 14.2 without sampling weights using n = 6,008 with D = 33,890.
bBirth cohort is centered at 1930.
cNon-Hispanic white.
dStandardized to 2002 pounds.
*p < .05. ***p < .001.
ELSA: Repeated Multivariate Analysisa of Baseline Performance and Change in Cognitive Function—Socioeconomic Position (SEP) Measures of Childhood and Adulthood
| . | Model 1: base model . | Model 2: childhood SEP index . | Model 3: education . | Model 4: wealth . | Model 5: all mobility variables . | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . |
| Baseline cognition | |||||||||||||||
| Intercept | 18.54 | *** | 0.81 | 18.26 | *** | 0.79 | 17.00 | *** | 0.77 | 18.44 | *** | 0.79 | 17.04 | *** | 0.76 |
| Control variables | |||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 |
| Sex (women) | 0.70 | *** | 0.06 | 0.66 | *** | 0.06 | 0.09 | *** | 0.06 | 0.73 | *** | 0.06 | 0.88 | *** | 0.06 |
| Cohortb | −0.07 | 0.09 | −0.11 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.09 | −0.21 | * | 0.09 | −0.18 | * | 0.09 | |||
| Married/partnered | 0.37 | *** | 0.08 | 0.33 | *** | 0.08 | 0.28 | *** | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 | ||
| Race/ethnicityc | 1.62 | *** | 0.23 | 1.77 | *** | 0.23 | 1.82 | *** | 0.22 | 1.59 | *** | 0.23 | 1.86 | *** | 0.22 |
| Practice effect | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 |
| Main effects | |||||||||||||||
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.87 | *** | 0.07 | 0.56 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 1.39 | *** | 0.07 | 1.21 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.73 | *** | 0.08 | 0.32 | *** | 0.08 | |||||||||
| Rate of cognitive change | |||||||||||||||
| Years since baseline | −0.09 | *** | 0.00 | −0.10 | *** | 0.01 | −0.11 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 |
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.02 | * | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 0.03 | *** | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | |||||||||
| . | Model 1: base model . | Model 2: childhood SEP index . | Model 3: education . | Model 4: wealth . | Model 5: all mobility variables . | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . | Coefficient . | . | SE . |
| Baseline cognition | |||||||||||||||
| Intercept | 18.54 | *** | 0.81 | 18.26 | *** | 0.79 | 17.00 | *** | 0.77 | 18.44 | *** | 0.79 | 17.04 | *** | 0.76 |
| Control variables | |||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 | −0.17 | *** | 0.01 | −0.16 | *** | 0.01 |
| Sex (women) | 0.70 | *** | 0.06 | 0.66 | *** | 0.06 | 0.09 | *** | 0.06 | 0.73 | *** | 0.06 | 0.88 | *** | 0.06 |
| Cohortb | −0.07 | 0.09 | −0.11 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.09 | −0.21 | * | 0.09 | −0.18 | * | 0.09 | |||
| Married/partnered | 0.37 | *** | 0.08 | 0.33 | *** | 0.08 | 0.28 | *** | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 | ||
| Race/ethnicityc | 1.62 | *** | 0.23 | 1.77 | *** | 0.23 | 1.82 | *** | 0.22 | 1.59 | *** | 0.23 | 1.86 | *** | 0.22 |
| Practice effect | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.56 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 | 0.55 | *** | 0.04 |
| Main effects | |||||||||||||||
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.87 | *** | 0.07 | 0.56 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 1.39 | *** | 0.07 | 1.21 | *** | 0.07 | |||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.73 | *** | 0.08 | 0.32 | *** | 0.08 | |||||||||
| Rate of cognitive change | |||||||||||||||
| Years since baseline | −0.09 | *** | 0.00 | −0.10 | *** | 0.01 | −0.11 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 | −0.13 | *** | 0.01 |
| Childhood SEP index (3+) | 0.02 | * | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Education (>13 years) | 0.03 | *** | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Wealth (>$31,475)d | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | 0.07 | *** | 0.01 | |||||||||
Notes: aModels fit with STATA 14.2 without sampling weights using n = 6,008 with D = 33,890.
bBirth cohort is centered at 1930.
cNon-Hispanic white.
dStandardized to 2002 pounds.
*p < .05. ***p < .001.
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