Study characteristics of intervention studies and target mechanisms, objectives, study approaches and main results of included intervention studies
| Study . | CKD-pop (N) Country . | Design . | Measure (%LHL) . | Q . | Target mechanism . | Intervention objectives and target group . | Approach of intervention . | Main results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patzer et al. [73] | 4–5 (D) (470) USA | RCT study | NVSa (20.3) | ± | Utilization of care P–P interaction | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen professional support | iChoose kidney: a shared patient/provider web-based decision aid to provide individualized risk estimates of mortality and survival for different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Providers enter patient characteristics in the aid; outcome discussed during consultation | + transplant knowledge* + access to transplantation + providers report improved discussion and patient knowledge − decisional conflict and preferences |
| Chandar et al. [74] | 5 (T) (16) USA | Pre-post study | REALM-teena (43.8) | − | Self-care management | Inform and educate patients Support patient behaviour change | App with short quizzes and videos to improve knowledge about transplantation, medications, laboratory tests and care for transplanted kidneys. Also asked questions about patients’ health and medication adherence, to provide personal advice to support behaviour change | + knowledge of names and purpose of medications* + satisfaction + feelings of empowerment |
| Timmerman et al. [75] | 1–3 (21) USA | Pilot study | NVSa (63) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Teach skills to patients Support patient behaviour change Strengthen social support | 6-week group intervention for patients on health literacy, quality of life, diet and self-efficacy, based on model of Health Promotion and designed to facilitate health-promoting behaviours. Each patient formulated personal goals to support problem solving | + quality of life* + energy level* + health literacy* + dietary self-efficacy* + type of foods |
| Axelrod et al. [76] | 4–5 (D) (81) USA | Pilot-study with focus groups | Adapted Brief HLSa (40–73) | − | Utilization of care P–P interaction Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen social support | My Transplant Coach, app where patients can enter essential demographic and clinical information. The app generates estimates of prognosis and uses videos to explain different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Facilitates easy sharing with professional | + lower acceptability of app in patients with limited Internet experience* + benefits for all literacy levels* + confidence in conversation + transplant knowledge* + informed decision-making* |
| Robinson et al. [77] | 5 (T) (170) USA | Pilot RCT study | sTOFHLAa (28) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Support behaviour change of patients Customize to context | SunProtect, digital education on personal skin cancer risk and sun-protection actions for patients, to use in the hospital. Information offered with videos, spoken language (English and Spanish) and culture-sensitive patient stories | + sun-protection knowledge + awareness* + sun-protection use* + better results in patients with LHL* |
| Ameling et al. [78] | 4–5 (D) (48) USA | Mixed- method | REALMa (18) | − | Utilization of care Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context | Video and handbook for patients. Subjective and evidence-based information about positive and negative features of different treatment options to support patients and family in decision-making | + refined content, based on feedback + comprehension of the aid + satisfaction + quality of the aid |
| Study . | CKD-pop (N) Country . | Design . | Measure (%LHL) . | Q . | Target mechanism . | Intervention objectives and target group . | Approach of intervention . | Main results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patzer et al. [73] | 4–5 (D) (470) USA | RCT study | NVSa (20.3) | ± | Utilization of care P–P interaction | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen professional support | iChoose kidney: a shared patient/provider web-based decision aid to provide individualized risk estimates of mortality and survival for different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Providers enter patient characteristics in the aid; outcome discussed during consultation | + transplant knowledge* + access to transplantation + providers report improved discussion and patient knowledge − decisional conflict and preferences |
| Chandar et al. [74] | 5 (T) (16) USA | Pre-post study | REALM-teena (43.8) | − | Self-care management | Inform and educate patients Support patient behaviour change | App with short quizzes and videos to improve knowledge about transplantation, medications, laboratory tests and care for transplanted kidneys. Also asked questions about patients’ health and medication adherence, to provide personal advice to support behaviour change | + knowledge of names and purpose of medications* + satisfaction + feelings of empowerment |
| Timmerman et al. [75] | 1–3 (21) USA | Pilot study | NVSa (63) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Teach skills to patients Support patient behaviour change Strengthen social support | 6-week group intervention for patients on health literacy, quality of life, diet and self-efficacy, based on model of Health Promotion and designed to facilitate health-promoting behaviours. Each patient formulated personal goals to support problem solving | + quality of life* + energy level* + health literacy* + dietary self-efficacy* + type of foods |
| Axelrod et al. [76] | 4–5 (D) (81) USA | Pilot-study with focus groups | Adapted Brief HLSa (40–73) | − | Utilization of care P–P interaction Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen social support | My Transplant Coach, app where patients can enter essential demographic and clinical information. The app generates estimates of prognosis and uses videos to explain different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Facilitates easy sharing with professional | + lower acceptability of app in patients with limited Internet experience* + benefits for all literacy levels* + confidence in conversation + transplant knowledge* + informed decision-making* |
| Robinson et al. [77] | 5 (T) (170) USA | Pilot RCT study | sTOFHLAa (28) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Support behaviour change of patients Customize to context | SunProtect, digital education on personal skin cancer risk and sun-protection actions for patients, to use in the hospital. Information offered with videos, spoken language (English and Spanish) and culture-sensitive patient stories | + sun-protection knowledge + awareness* + sun-protection use* + better results in patients with LHL* |
| Ameling et al. [78] | 4–5 (D) (48) USA | Mixed- method | REALMa (18) | − | Utilization of care Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context | Video and handbook for patients. Subjective and evidence-based information about positive and negative features of different treatment options to support patients and family in decision-making | + refined content, based on feedback + comprehension of the aid + satisfaction + quality of the aid |
CKD-pop, population of interest by CKD stage (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5), when applicable specified for transplant (T) or dialysis (D); RCT, randomized controlled trial; NVS, Newest Vital Sign; REALM-SF, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine—Short Form; Brief HLS, Brief Health Literacy screener; sTOFHLA, short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults; N, number of participants in the study; Q, study quality; +, high-quality study; ±, moderate-quality study; −, low-quality study, based on quality assessment. *Significant effect (P ≤ 0.05).
Functional HL measure.
Study characteristics of intervention studies and target mechanisms, objectives, study approaches and main results of included intervention studies
| Study . | CKD-pop (N) Country . | Design . | Measure (%LHL) . | Q . | Target mechanism . | Intervention objectives and target group . | Approach of intervention . | Main results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patzer et al. [73] | 4–5 (D) (470) USA | RCT study | NVSa (20.3) | ± | Utilization of care P–P interaction | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen professional support | iChoose kidney: a shared patient/provider web-based decision aid to provide individualized risk estimates of mortality and survival for different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Providers enter patient characteristics in the aid; outcome discussed during consultation | + transplant knowledge* + access to transplantation + providers report improved discussion and patient knowledge − decisional conflict and preferences |
| Chandar et al. [74] | 5 (T) (16) USA | Pre-post study | REALM-teena (43.8) | − | Self-care management | Inform and educate patients Support patient behaviour change | App with short quizzes and videos to improve knowledge about transplantation, medications, laboratory tests and care for transplanted kidneys. Also asked questions about patients’ health and medication adherence, to provide personal advice to support behaviour change | + knowledge of names and purpose of medications* + satisfaction + feelings of empowerment |
| Timmerman et al. [75] | 1–3 (21) USA | Pilot study | NVSa (63) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Teach skills to patients Support patient behaviour change Strengthen social support | 6-week group intervention for patients on health literacy, quality of life, diet and self-efficacy, based on model of Health Promotion and designed to facilitate health-promoting behaviours. Each patient formulated personal goals to support problem solving | + quality of life* + energy level* + health literacy* + dietary self-efficacy* + type of foods |
| Axelrod et al. [76] | 4–5 (D) (81) USA | Pilot-study with focus groups | Adapted Brief HLSa (40–73) | − | Utilization of care P–P interaction Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen social support | My Transplant Coach, app where patients can enter essential demographic and clinical information. The app generates estimates of prognosis and uses videos to explain different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Facilitates easy sharing with professional | + lower acceptability of app in patients with limited Internet experience* + benefits for all literacy levels* + confidence in conversation + transplant knowledge* + informed decision-making* |
| Robinson et al. [77] | 5 (T) (170) USA | Pilot RCT study | sTOFHLAa (28) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Support behaviour change of patients Customize to context | SunProtect, digital education on personal skin cancer risk and sun-protection actions for patients, to use in the hospital. Information offered with videos, spoken language (English and Spanish) and culture-sensitive patient stories | + sun-protection knowledge + awareness* + sun-protection use* + better results in patients with LHL* |
| Ameling et al. [78] | 4–5 (D) (48) USA | Mixed- method | REALMa (18) | − | Utilization of care Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context | Video and handbook for patients. Subjective and evidence-based information about positive and negative features of different treatment options to support patients and family in decision-making | + refined content, based on feedback + comprehension of the aid + satisfaction + quality of the aid |
| Study . | CKD-pop (N) Country . | Design . | Measure (%LHL) . | Q . | Target mechanism . | Intervention objectives and target group . | Approach of intervention . | Main results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patzer et al. [73] | 4–5 (D) (470) USA | RCT study | NVSa (20.3) | ± | Utilization of care P–P interaction | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen professional support | iChoose kidney: a shared patient/provider web-based decision aid to provide individualized risk estimates of mortality and survival for different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Providers enter patient characteristics in the aid; outcome discussed during consultation | + transplant knowledge* + access to transplantation + providers report improved discussion and patient knowledge − decisional conflict and preferences |
| Chandar et al. [74] | 5 (T) (16) USA | Pre-post study | REALM-teena (43.8) | − | Self-care management | Inform and educate patients Support patient behaviour change | App with short quizzes and videos to improve knowledge about transplantation, medications, laboratory tests and care for transplanted kidneys. Also asked questions about patients’ health and medication adherence, to provide personal advice to support behaviour change | + knowledge of names and purpose of medications* + satisfaction + feelings of empowerment |
| Timmerman et al. [75] | 1–3 (21) USA | Pilot study | NVSa (63) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Teach skills to patients Support patient behaviour change Strengthen social support | 6-week group intervention for patients on health literacy, quality of life, diet and self-efficacy, based on model of Health Promotion and designed to facilitate health-promoting behaviours. Each patient formulated personal goals to support problem solving | + quality of life* + energy level* + health literacy* + dietary self-efficacy* + type of foods |
| Axelrod et al. [76] | 4–5 (D) (81) USA | Pilot-study with focus groups | Adapted Brief HLSa (40–73) | − | Utilization of care P–P interaction Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context Strengthen social support | My Transplant Coach, app where patients can enter essential demographic and clinical information. The app generates estimates of prognosis and uses videos to explain different transplant and dialysis treatment options. Facilitates easy sharing with professional | + lower acceptability of app in patients with limited Internet experience* + benefits for all literacy levels* + confidence in conversation + transplant knowledge* + informed decision-making* |
| Robinson et al. [77] | 5 (T) (170) USA | Pilot RCT study | sTOFHLAa (28) | − | Self-care management Social context | Inform and educate patients Support behaviour change of patients Customize to context | SunProtect, digital education on personal skin cancer risk and sun-protection actions for patients, to use in the hospital. Information offered with videos, spoken language (English and Spanish) and culture-sensitive patient stories | + sun-protection knowledge + awareness* + sun-protection use* + better results in patients with LHL* |
| Ameling et al. [78] | 4–5 (D) (48) USA | Mixed- method | REALMa (18) | − | Utilization of care Social context | Inform and educate patients Facilitate patient involvement Customize to context | Video and handbook for patients. Subjective and evidence-based information about positive and negative features of different treatment options to support patients and family in decision-making | + refined content, based on feedback + comprehension of the aid + satisfaction + quality of the aid |
CKD-pop, population of interest by CKD stage (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5), when applicable specified for transplant (T) or dialysis (D); RCT, randomized controlled trial; NVS, Newest Vital Sign; REALM-SF, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine—Short Form; Brief HLS, Brief Health Literacy screener; sTOFHLA, short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults; N, number of participants in the study; Q, study quality; +, high-quality study; ±, moderate-quality study; −, low-quality study, based on quality assessment. *Significant effect (P ≤ 0.05).
Functional HL measure.
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