Comparison of Bacterial Alpha Diversity and the 5 Vaginal Bacterial Community Types, By Contraceptive Group at Enrollment and at 3-Month Follow-up
| . | Enrollment Visita . | Follow-up Visita . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Non-HC (n = 21) . | DMPA-IM (n = 33) . | P Valueb . | Non-HC (n = 18) . | DMPA-IM (n = 26) . | P Valueb . |
| CT, no. (%) | ||||||
| CT1 | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .54 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .27 |
| CT2 | 2 (9.5) | 7 (21.2) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| CT3 | 1 (4.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| CT4 | 5 (23.8) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (23.1) | ||
| CT5 | 5 (23.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| Lactobacilli dominant (CT1) | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .55 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .046 |
| Lactobacilli depleted (CTs 2–5) | 13 (61.9) | 23 (69.7) | 7 (38.9) | 18 (69.2) | ||
| Nugent score, mean (SD) | 3.62 (3.75) | 5.30 (3.75) | .11 | 2.67 (3.68) | 3.35 (3.70) | .55 |
| Shannon diversity index, mean (SD) | 1.19 (0.87) | 1.19 (1.01) | .99 | 0.79 (0.81) | 1.13 (0.96) | .23 |
| Simpson index, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.32) | 0.44 (0.33) | .54 | 0.35 (0.33) | 0.46 (0.33) | .32 |
| Chao1, mean (SD) | 17.33 (12.43) | 24.76 (23.29) | .19 | 11.44 (8.38) | 20.23 (17.81) | .06 |
| Total bacterial load, mean (SD)c | 8.31 (0.84) | 8.59 (0.58) | .16 | 8.74 (0.50) | 8.31 (0.89) | .07 |
| . | Enrollment Visita . | Follow-up Visita . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Non-HC (n = 21) . | DMPA-IM (n = 33) . | P Valueb . | Non-HC (n = 18) . | DMPA-IM (n = 26) . | P Valueb . |
| CT, no. (%) | ||||||
| CT1 | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .54 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .27 |
| CT2 | 2 (9.5) | 7 (21.2) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| CT3 | 1 (4.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| CT4 | 5 (23.8) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (23.1) | ||
| CT5 | 5 (23.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| Lactobacilli dominant (CT1) | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .55 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .046 |
| Lactobacilli depleted (CTs 2–5) | 13 (61.9) | 23 (69.7) | 7 (38.9) | 18 (69.2) | ||
| Nugent score, mean (SD) | 3.62 (3.75) | 5.30 (3.75) | .11 | 2.67 (3.68) | 3.35 (3.70) | .55 |
| Shannon diversity index, mean (SD) | 1.19 (0.87) | 1.19 (1.01) | .99 | 0.79 (0.81) | 1.13 (0.96) | .23 |
| Simpson index, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.32) | 0.44 (0.33) | .54 | 0.35 (0.33) | 0.46 (0.33) | .32 |
| Chao1, mean (SD) | 17.33 (12.43) | 24.76 (23.29) | .19 | 11.44 (8.38) | 20.23 (17.81) | .06 |
| Total bacterial load, mean (SD)c | 8.31 (0.84) | 8.59 (0.58) | .16 | 8.74 (0.50) | 8.31 (0.89) | .07 |
Abbreviations: CT, community type; DMPA-IM, intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; non-HC, nonhormonal contraception; SD, standard deviation.
aEnrollment visit defined as the visit when participants chose their preferred contraceptive method; women who chose DMPA-IM received their first injection at enrollment. Follow-up visit defined as the visit 3 months after contraceptive initiation.
bP values determined with χ 2 tests for categorical variables and unpaired t tests for continuous variables.
cBacterial load presented as log10 16S ribosomal RNA gene copies per swab sample.
Comparison of Bacterial Alpha Diversity and the 5 Vaginal Bacterial Community Types, By Contraceptive Group at Enrollment and at 3-Month Follow-up
| . | Enrollment Visita . | Follow-up Visita . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Non-HC (n = 21) . | DMPA-IM (n = 33) . | P Valueb . | Non-HC (n = 18) . | DMPA-IM (n = 26) . | P Valueb . |
| CT, no. (%) | ||||||
| CT1 | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .54 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .27 |
| CT2 | 2 (9.5) | 7 (21.2) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| CT3 | 1 (4.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| CT4 | 5 (23.8) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (23.1) | ||
| CT5 | 5 (23.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| Lactobacilli dominant (CT1) | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .55 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .046 |
| Lactobacilli depleted (CTs 2–5) | 13 (61.9) | 23 (69.7) | 7 (38.9) | 18 (69.2) | ||
| Nugent score, mean (SD) | 3.62 (3.75) | 5.30 (3.75) | .11 | 2.67 (3.68) | 3.35 (3.70) | .55 |
| Shannon diversity index, mean (SD) | 1.19 (0.87) | 1.19 (1.01) | .99 | 0.79 (0.81) | 1.13 (0.96) | .23 |
| Simpson index, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.32) | 0.44 (0.33) | .54 | 0.35 (0.33) | 0.46 (0.33) | .32 |
| Chao1, mean (SD) | 17.33 (12.43) | 24.76 (23.29) | .19 | 11.44 (8.38) | 20.23 (17.81) | .06 |
| Total bacterial load, mean (SD)c | 8.31 (0.84) | 8.59 (0.58) | .16 | 8.74 (0.50) | 8.31 (0.89) | .07 |
| . | Enrollment Visita . | Follow-up Visita . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Non-HC (n = 21) . | DMPA-IM (n = 33) . | P Valueb . | Non-HC (n = 18) . | DMPA-IM (n = 26) . | P Valueb . |
| CT, no. (%) | ||||||
| CT1 | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .54 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .27 |
| CT2 | 2 (9.5) | 7 (21.2) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| CT3 | 1 (4.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (7.7) | ||
| CT4 | 5 (23.8) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (23.1) | ||
| CT5 | 5 (23.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (19.2) | ||
| Lactobacilli dominant (CT1) | 8 (38.1) | 10 (30.3) | .55 | 11 (61.1) | 8 (30.8) | .046 |
| Lactobacilli depleted (CTs 2–5) | 13 (61.9) | 23 (69.7) | 7 (38.9) | 18 (69.2) | ||
| Nugent score, mean (SD) | 3.62 (3.75) | 5.30 (3.75) | .11 | 2.67 (3.68) | 3.35 (3.70) | .55 |
| Shannon diversity index, mean (SD) | 1.19 (0.87) | 1.19 (1.01) | .99 | 0.79 (0.81) | 1.13 (0.96) | .23 |
| Simpson index, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.32) | 0.44 (0.33) | .54 | 0.35 (0.33) | 0.46 (0.33) | .32 |
| Chao1, mean (SD) | 17.33 (12.43) | 24.76 (23.29) | .19 | 11.44 (8.38) | 20.23 (17.81) | .06 |
| Total bacterial load, mean (SD)c | 8.31 (0.84) | 8.59 (0.58) | .16 | 8.74 (0.50) | 8.31 (0.89) | .07 |
Abbreviations: CT, community type; DMPA-IM, intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; non-HC, nonhormonal contraception; SD, standard deviation.
aEnrollment visit defined as the visit when participants chose their preferred contraceptive method; women who chose DMPA-IM received their first injection at enrollment. Follow-up visit defined as the visit 3 months after contraceptive initiation.
bP values determined with χ 2 tests for categorical variables and unpaired t tests for continuous variables.
cBacterial load presented as log10 16S ribosomal RNA gene copies per swab sample.
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