Table 1.
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Conditions That Can Mimic Sepsis

CategoryExamples
Cardiac diseaseArrhythmias
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary diseaseAcute respiratory distress syndrome
Aspiration pneumonitis
Asthma exacerbation
Bronchiectasis exacerbation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Interstitial lung disease flare
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pulmonary embolism
Gastrointestinal diseaseAcute liver failure
Bowel obstruction
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Inflammatory bowel disease
Mesenteric ischemia
Pancreatitis
Volvulus
Central nervous system diseaseAutonomic dysfunction
Seizure
Stroke/intracranial hemorrhage
Endocrine diseaseAdrenal insufficiency
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Myxedema coma
Thyroid storm
Hematologic/ oncologic diseaseAntiphospholipid syndrome
Malignancy
Hemophagocytic syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Rheumatologic/ autoimmune diseaseGout
Rheumatoid arthritis
Still’s disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Vasculitis
Drugs/toxinsDrug overdose
Drug/alcohol withdrawal
Hypersensitivity drug reaction
Medication toxicity
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
OtherAllograft rejection (solid organ transplant recipients)
Anaphylaxis
Compartment syndrome
Heat stroke
Hemorrhage
Hypovolemia
Postoperative period
Severe burns
Tissue ischemia
CategoryExamples
Cardiac diseaseArrhythmias
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary diseaseAcute respiratory distress syndrome
Aspiration pneumonitis
Asthma exacerbation
Bronchiectasis exacerbation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Interstitial lung disease flare
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pulmonary embolism
Gastrointestinal diseaseAcute liver failure
Bowel obstruction
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Inflammatory bowel disease
Mesenteric ischemia
Pancreatitis
Volvulus
Central nervous system diseaseAutonomic dysfunction
Seizure
Stroke/intracranial hemorrhage
Endocrine diseaseAdrenal insufficiency
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Myxedema coma
Thyroid storm
Hematologic/ oncologic diseaseAntiphospholipid syndrome
Malignancy
Hemophagocytic syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Rheumatologic/ autoimmune diseaseGout
Rheumatoid arthritis
Still’s disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Vasculitis
Drugs/toxinsDrug overdose
Drug/alcohol withdrawal
Hypersensitivity drug reaction
Medication toxicity
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
OtherAllograft rejection (solid organ transplant recipients)
Anaphylaxis
Compartment syndrome
Heat stroke
Hemorrhage
Hypovolemia
Postoperative period
Severe burns
Tissue ischemia
Table 1.
Open in new tab

Conditions That Can Mimic Sepsis

CategoryExamples
Cardiac diseaseArrhythmias
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary diseaseAcute respiratory distress syndrome
Aspiration pneumonitis
Asthma exacerbation
Bronchiectasis exacerbation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Interstitial lung disease flare
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pulmonary embolism
Gastrointestinal diseaseAcute liver failure
Bowel obstruction
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Inflammatory bowel disease
Mesenteric ischemia
Pancreatitis
Volvulus
Central nervous system diseaseAutonomic dysfunction
Seizure
Stroke/intracranial hemorrhage
Endocrine diseaseAdrenal insufficiency
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Myxedema coma
Thyroid storm
Hematologic/ oncologic diseaseAntiphospholipid syndrome
Malignancy
Hemophagocytic syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Rheumatologic/ autoimmune diseaseGout
Rheumatoid arthritis
Still’s disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Vasculitis
Drugs/toxinsDrug overdose
Drug/alcohol withdrawal
Hypersensitivity drug reaction
Medication toxicity
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
OtherAllograft rejection (solid organ transplant recipients)
Anaphylaxis
Compartment syndrome
Heat stroke
Hemorrhage
Hypovolemia
Postoperative period
Severe burns
Tissue ischemia
CategoryExamples
Cardiac diseaseArrhythmias
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary diseaseAcute respiratory distress syndrome
Aspiration pneumonitis
Asthma exacerbation
Bronchiectasis exacerbation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Interstitial lung disease flare
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pulmonary embolism
Gastrointestinal diseaseAcute liver failure
Bowel obstruction
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Inflammatory bowel disease
Mesenteric ischemia
Pancreatitis
Volvulus
Central nervous system diseaseAutonomic dysfunction
Seizure
Stroke/intracranial hemorrhage
Endocrine diseaseAdrenal insufficiency
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Myxedema coma
Thyroid storm
Hematologic/ oncologic diseaseAntiphospholipid syndrome
Malignancy
Hemophagocytic syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Rheumatologic/ autoimmune diseaseGout
Rheumatoid arthritis
Still’s disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Vasculitis
Drugs/toxinsDrug overdose
Drug/alcohol withdrawal
Hypersensitivity drug reaction
Medication toxicity
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
OtherAllograft rejection (solid organ transplant recipients)
Anaphylaxis
Compartment syndrome
Heat stroke
Hemorrhage
Hypovolemia
Postoperative period
Severe burns
Tissue ischemia
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