Table 4. Open in new tab Univariate and...

	Duration From First Positive to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
ALT/AST elevation	4.358 (3.894 to 4.822)	<.001	1.017 (0.616 to 1.418)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.638 (–0.661 to –0.616)	<.001	–0.556 (–0.578 to –0.533)	<.001
Age	0.098 (0.088 to 0.107)	<.001
Male gender	1.044 (0.684 to 1.403)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.011 (3.201 to 6.820)	<.001	2.226 (0.798 to 3.654)	.002
Diabetes mellitus	4.519 (4.030 to 5.007)	<.001	0.537 (0.075 to 1.000)	.023
Hypertension	3.838 (3.423 to 4.253)	<.001	0.763 (0.380 to 1.147)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.673 (7.202 to 8.144)	<.001	4.347 (3.846 to 4.848)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.833 (4.100 to 5.565)	<.001	–1.335 (–1.982 to –0.687)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.824 (4.472 to 5.177)	<.001	0.858 (0.530 to 1.186)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.885 (11.557 to 14.213)	<.001	5.234 (4.083 to 6.384)	<.001
Renal replacement	8.785 (6.352 to 11.217)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.266 (–1.218 to 0.686)	.584
Positive anti-HCV	–0.910 (–3.420 to 1.599)	.477
	Duration From Admission to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis	Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.295 (3.831 to 4.759)	<.001	1.005 (0.601 to 1.409)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.627 (–0.650 to –0.604)	<.001	–0.546 (–0.569 to –0.524)	<.001
Age	0.096 (0.086 to 0.105)	<.001
Male gender	1.064 (0.705 to 1.423)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.100 (3.293 to 6.908)	<.001	2.376 (0.936 to 3.815)	.001
Diabetes mellitus	4.479 (3.991 to 4.967)	<.001	0.538 (0.071 to 1.004)	.024
Hypertension	3.815 (3.400 to 4.229)	<.001	0.790 (0.403 to 1.176)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.604 (7.133 to 8.075)	<.001	4.336 (3.831 to 4.841)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.851 (4.120 to 5.583)	<.001	–1.254 (–1.907 to –0.602)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.673 (4.320 to 5.026)	<.001	0.738 (0.407 to 1.068)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.806 (11.479 to 14.133)	<.001	5.245 (4.085 to 6.404)	<.001
Renal replacement	9.241 (6.813 to 11.67)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.285 (–1.239 to 0.670)	.559
Positive anti-HCV	–0.844 (–3.364 to 1.676)	.512
	Duration From Symptom Onset to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis	Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.440 (3.916 to 4.963)	<.001	1.034 (0.544 to 1.523)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.572 (–0.599 to –0.544)	<.001	–0.478 (–0.505 to –0.450)	<.001
Age	0.104 (0.093 to 0.115)	<.001
Male gender	1.147 (0.743 to 1.551)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	4.585 (2.551 to 6.618)	<.001	1.908 (0.166 to 3.649)	.032
Diabetes mellitus	4.624 (4.074 to 5.175)	<.001
Hypertension	4.125 (3.658 to 4.592)	<.001	1.241 (0.806 to 1.677)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.826 (7.291 to 8.362)	<.001	4.572 (3.965 to 5.178)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.363 (3.537 to 5.189)	<.001	–1.831 (–2.620 to –1.041)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	5.040 (4.642 to 5.438)	<.001	1.302 (0.903 to 1.701)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	13.789 (12.294 to 15.284)	<.001	6.350 (4.965 to 7.734)	<.001
Renal replacement	10.780 (8.050 to 13.510)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.106 (–1.148 to 0.936)	.842
Positive anti-HCV	–0.815 (–3.549 to 1.918)	.559

Duration From First Positive to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Parameters

Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

ALT/AST elevation

4.358 (3.894 to 4.822)

<.001

1.017 (0.616 to 1.418)

<.001

Trough Ct value

–0.638 (–0.661 to –0.616)

<.001

–0.556 (–0.578 to –0.533)

<.001

Age

0.098 (0.088 to 0.107)

<.001

Male gender

1.044 (0.684 to 1.403)

<.001

Liver cirrhosis

5.011 (3.201 to 6.820)

<.001

2.226 (0.798 to 3.654)

.002

Diabetes mellitus

4.519 (4.030 to 5.007)

<.001

0.537 (0.075 to 1.000)

.023

Hypertension

3.838 (3.423 to 4.253)

<.001

0.763 (0.380 to 1.147)

<.001

Use of corticosteroids

7.673 (7.202 to 8.144)

<.001

4.347 (3.846 to 4.848)

<.001

Use of remdesivir

4.833 (4.100 to 5.565)

<.001

–1.335 (–1.982 to –0.687)

<.001

Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19

4.824 (4.472 to 5.177)

<.001

0.858 (0.530 to 1.186)

<.001

Mechanical ventilation

12.885 (11.557 to 14.213)

<.001

5.234 (4.083 to 6.384)

<.001

Renal replacement

8.785 (6.352 to 11.217)

<.001

Positive HBsAg

–0.266 (–1.218 to 0.686)

.584

Positive anti-HCV

–0.910 (–3.420 to 1.599)

.477

Duration From Admission to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Parameters

Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

ALT/AST elevation

4.295 (3.831 to 4.759)

<.001

1.005 (0.601 to 1.409)

<.001

Trough Ct value

–0.627 (–0.650 to –0.604)

<.001

–0.546 (–0.569 to –0.524)

<.001

Age

0.096 (0.086 to 0.105)

<.001

Male gender

1.064 (0.705 to 1.423)

<.001

Liver cirrhosis

5.100 (3.293 to 6.908)

<.001

2.376 (0.936 to 3.815)

.001

Diabetes mellitus

4.479 (3.991 to 4.967)

<.001

0.538 (0.071 to 1.004)

.024

Hypertension

3.815 (3.400 to 4.229)

<.001

0.790 (0.403 to 1.176)

<.001

Use of corticosteroids

7.604 (7.133 to 8.075)

<.001

4.336 (3.831 to 4.841)

<.001

Use of remdesivir

4.851 (4.120 to 5.583)

<.001

–1.254 (–1.907 to –0.602)

<.001

Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19

4.673 (4.320 to 5.026)

<.001

0.738 (0.407 to 1.068)

<.001

Mechanical ventilation

12.806 (11.479 to 14.133)

<.001

5.245 (4.085 to 6.404)

<.001

Renal replacement

9.241 (6.813 to 11.67)

<.001

Positive HBsAg

–0.285 (–1.239 to 0.670)

.559

Positive anti-HCV

–0.844 (–3.364 to 1.676)

.512

Duration From Symptom Onset to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Parameters

Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

ALT/AST elevation

4.440 (3.916 to 4.963)

<.001

1.034 (0.544 to 1.523)

<.001

Trough Ct value

–0.572 (–0.599 to –0.544)

<.001

–0.478 (–0.505 to –0.450)

<.001

Age

0.104 (0.093 to 0.115)

<.001

Male gender

1.147 (0.743 to 1.551)

<.001

Liver cirrhosis

4.585 (2.551 to 6.618)

<.001

1.908 (0.166 to 3.649)

.032

Diabetes mellitus

4.624 (4.074 to 5.175)

<.001

Hypertension

4.125 (3.658 to 4.592)

<.001

1.241 (0.806 to 1.677)

<.001

Use of corticosteroids

7.826 (7.291 to 8.362)

<.001

4.572 (3.965 to 5.178)

<.001

Use of remdesivir

4.363 (3.537 to 5.189)

<.001

–1.831 (–2.620 to –1.041)

<.001

Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19

5.040 (4.642 to 5.438)

<.001

1.302 (0.903 to 1.701)

<.001

Mechanical ventilation

13.789 (12.294 to 15.284)

<.001

6.350 (4.965 to 7.734)

<.001

Renal replacement

10.780 (8.050 to 13.510)

<.001

Positive HBsAg

–0.106 (–1.148 to 0.936)

.842

Positive anti-HCV

–0.815 (–3.549 to 1.918)

.559

	Duration From First Positive to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
ALT/AST elevation	4.358 (3.894 to 4.822)	<.001	1.017 (0.616 to 1.418)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.638 (–0.661 to –0.616)	<.001	–0.556 (–0.578 to –0.533)	<.001
Age	0.098 (0.088 to 0.107)	<.001
Male gender	1.044 (0.684 to 1.403)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.011 (3.201 to 6.820)	<.001	2.226 (0.798 to 3.654)	.002
Diabetes mellitus	4.519 (4.030 to 5.007)	<.001	0.537 (0.075 to 1.000)	.023
Hypertension	3.838 (3.423 to 4.253)	<.001	0.763 (0.380 to 1.147)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.673 (7.202 to 8.144)	<.001	4.347 (3.846 to 4.848)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.833 (4.100 to 5.565)	<.001	–1.335 (–1.982 to –0.687)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.824 (4.472 to 5.177)	<.001	0.858 (0.530 to 1.186)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.885 (11.557 to 14.213)	<.001	5.234 (4.083 to 6.384)	<.001
Renal replacement	8.785 (6.352 to 11.217)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.266 (–1.218 to 0.686)	.584
Positive anti-HCV	–0.910 (–3.420 to 1.599)	.477
	Duration From Admission to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis	Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.295 (3.831 to 4.759)	<.001	1.005 (0.601 to 1.409)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.627 (–0.650 to –0.604)	<.001	–0.546 (–0.569 to –0.524)	<.001
Age	0.096 (0.086 to 0.105)	<.001
Male gender	1.064 (0.705 to 1.423)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.100 (3.293 to 6.908)	<.001	2.376 (0.936 to 3.815)	.001
Diabetes mellitus	4.479 (3.991 to 4.967)	<.001	0.538 (0.071 to 1.004)	.024
Hypertension	3.815 (3.400 to 4.229)	<.001	0.790 (0.403 to 1.176)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.604 (7.133 to 8.075)	<.001	4.336 (3.831 to 4.841)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.851 (4.120 to 5.583)	<.001	–1.254 (–1.907 to –0.602)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.673 (4.320 to 5.026)	<.001	0.738 (0.407 to 1.068)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.806 (11.479 to 14.133)	<.001	5.245 (4.085 to 6.404)	<.001
Renal replacement	9.241 (6.813 to 11.67)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.285 (–1.239 to 0.670)	.559
Positive anti-HCV	–0.844 (–3.364 to 1.676)	.512
	Duration From Symptom Onset to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis	Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.440 (3.916 to 4.963)	<.001	1.034 (0.544 to 1.523)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.572 (–0.599 to –0.544)	<.001	–0.478 (–0.505 to –0.450)	<.001
Age	0.104 (0.093 to 0.115)	<.001
Male gender	1.147 (0.743 to 1.551)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	4.585 (2.551 to 6.618)	<.001	1.908 (0.166 to 3.649)	.032
Diabetes mellitus	4.624 (4.074 to 5.175)	<.001
Hypertension	4.125 (3.658 to 4.592)	<.001	1.241 (0.806 to 1.677)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.826 (7.291 to 8.362)	<.001	4.572 (3.965 to 5.178)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.363 (3.537 to 5.189)	<.001	–1.831 (–2.620 to –1.041)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	5.040 (4.642 to 5.438)	<.001	1.302 (0.903 to 1.701)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	13.789 (12.294 to 15.284)	<.001	6.350 (4.965 to 7.734)	<.001
Renal replacement	10.780 (8.050 to 13.510)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.106 (–1.148 to 0.936)	.842
Positive anti-HCV	–0.815 (–3.549 to 1.918)	.559

Duration From First Positive to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Parameters

Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

ALT/AST elevation

4.358 (3.894 to 4.822)

<.001

1.017 (0.616 to 1.418)

<.001

Trough Ct value

–0.638 (–0.661 to –0.616)

<.001

–0.556 (–0.578 to –0.533)

<.001

Age

0.098 (0.088 to 0.107)

<.001

Male gender

1.044 (0.684 to 1.403)

<.001

Liver cirrhosis

5.011 (3.201 to 6.820)

<.001

2.226 (0.798 to 3.654)

.002

Diabetes mellitus

4.519 (4.030 to 5.007)

<.001

0.537 (0.075 to 1.000)

.023

Hypertension

3.838 (3.423 to 4.253)

<.001

0.763 (0.380 to 1.147)

<.001

Use of corticosteroids

7.673 (7.202 to 8.144)

<.001

4.347 (3.846 to 4.848)

<.001

Use of remdesivir

4.833 (4.100 to 5.565)

<.001

–1.335 (–1.982 to –0.687)

<.001

Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19

4.824 (4.472 to 5.177)

<.001

0.858 (0.530 to 1.186)

<.001

Mechanical ventilation

12.885 (11.557 to 14.213)

<.001

5.234 (4.083 to 6.384)

<.001

Renal replacement

8.785 (6.352 to 11.217)

<.001

Positive HBsAg

–0.266 (–1.218 to 0.686)

.584

Positive anti-HCV

–0.910 (–3.420 to 1.599)

.477

Duration From Admission to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Parameters

Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

ALT/AST elevation

4.295 (3.831 to 4.759)

<.001

1.005 (0.601 to 1.409)

<.001

Trough Ct value

–0.627 (–0.650 to –0.604)

<.001

–0.546 (–0.569 to –0.524)

<.001

Age

0.096 (0.086 to 0.105)

<.001

Male gender

1.064 (0.705 to 1.423)

<.001

Liver cirrhosis

5.100 (3.293 to 6.908)

<.001

2.376 (0.936 to 3.815)

.001

Diabetes mellitus

4.479 (3.991 to 4.967)

<.001

0.538 (0.071 to 1.004)

.024

Hypertension

3.815 (3.400 to 4.229)

<.001

0.790 (0.403 to 1.176)

<.001

Use of corticosteroids

7.604 (7.133 to 8.075)

<.001

4.336 (3.831 to 4.841)

<.001

Use of remdesivir

4.851 (4.120 to 5.583)

<.001

–1.254 (–1.907 to –0.602)

<.001

Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19

4.673 (4.320 to 5.026)

<.001

0.738 (0.407 to 1.068)

<.001

Mechanical ventilation

12.806 (11.479 to 14.133)

<.001

5.245 (4.085 to 6.404)

<.001

Renal replacement

9.241 (6.813 to 11.67)

<.001

Positive HBsAg

–0.285 (–1.239 to 0.670)

.559

Positive anti-HCV

–0.844 (–3.364 to 1.676)

.512

Duration From Symptom Onset to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

Univariate Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Parameters

Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)

P Value

ALT/AST elevation

4.440 (3.916 to 4.963)

<.001

1.034 (0.544 to 1.523)

<.001

Trough Ct value

–0.572 (–0.599 to –0.544)

<.001

–0.478 (–0.505 to –0.450)

<.001

Age

0.104 (0.093 to 0.115)

<.001

Male gender

1.147 (0.743 to 1.551)

<.001

Liver cirrhosis

4.585 (2.551 to 6.618)

<.001

1.908 (0.166 to 3.649)

.032

Diabetes mellitus

4.624 (4.074 to 5.175)

<.001

Hypertension

4.125 (3.658 to 4.592)

<.001

1.241 (0.806 to 1.677)

<.001

Use of corticosteroids

7.826 (7.291 to 8.362)

<.001

4.572 (3.965 to 5.178)

<.001

Use of remdesivir

4.363 (3.537 to 5.189)

<.001

–1.831 (–2.620 to –1.041)

<.001

Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19

5.040 (4.642 to 5.438)

<.001

1.302 (0.903 to 1.701)

<.001

Mechanical ventilation

13.789 (12.294 to 15.284)

<.001

6.350 (4.965 to 7.734)

<.001

Renal replacement

10.780 (8.050 to 13.510)

<.001

Positive HBsAg

–0.106 (–1.148 to 0.936)

.842

Positive anti-HCV

–0.815 (–3.549 to 1.918)

.559

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Univariate and Multivariable Analysis by Linear Regression on Factors Associated With Time to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2

	Duration From First Positive to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.358 (3.894 to 4.822)	<.001	1.017 (0.616 to 1.418)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.638 (–0.661 to –0.616)	<.001	–0.556 (–0.578 to –0.533)	<.001
Age	0.098 (0.088 to 0.107)	<.001
Male gender	1.044 (0.684 to 1.403)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.011 (3.201 to 6.820)	<.001	2.226 (0.798 to 3.654)	.002
Diabetes mellitus	4.519 (4.030 to 5.007)	<.001	0.537 (0.075 to 1.000)	.023
Hypertension	3.838 (3.423 to 4.253)	<.001	0.763 (0.380 to 1.147)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.673 (7.202 to 8.144)	<.001	4.347 (3.846 to 4.848)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.833 (4.100 to 5.565)	<.001	–1.335 (–1.982 to –0.687)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.824 (4.472 to 5.177)	<.001	0.858 (0.530 to 1.186)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.885 (11.557 to 14.213)	<.001	5.234 (4.083 to 6.384)	<.001
Renal replacement	8.785 (6.352 to 11.217)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.266 (–1.218 to 0.686)	.584
Positive anti-HCV	–0.910 (–3.420 to 1.599)	.477
	Duration From Admission to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.295 (3.831 to 4.759)	<.001	1.005 (0.601 to 1.409)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.627 (–0.650 to –0.604)	<.001	–0.546 (–0.569 to –0.524)	<.001
Age	0.096 (0.086 to 0.105)	<.001
Male gender	1.064 (0.705 to 1.423)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.100 (3.293 to 6.908)	<.001	2.376 (0.936 to 3.815)	.001
Diabetes mellitus	4.479 (3.991 to 4.967)	<.001	0.538 (0.071 to 1.004)	.024
Hypertension	3.815 (3.400 to 4.229)	<.001	0.790 (0.403 to 1.176)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.604 (7.133 to 8.075)	<.001	4.336 (3.831 to 4.841)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.851 (4.120 to 5.583)	<.001	–1.254 (–1.907 to –0.602)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.673 (4.320 to 5.026)	<.001	0.738 (0.407 to 1.068)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.806 (11.479 to 14.133)	<.001	5.245 (4.085 to 6.404)	<.001
Renal replacement	9.241 (6.813 to 11.67)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.285 (–1.239 to 0.670)	.559
Positive anti-HCV	–0.844 (–3.364 to 1.676)	.512
	Duration From Symptom Onset to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.440 (3.916 to 4.963)	<.001	1.034 (0.544 to 1.523)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.572 (–0.599 to –0.544)	<.001	–0.478 (–0.505 to –0.450)	<.001
Age	0.104 (0.093 to 0.115)	<.001
Male gender	1.147 (0.743 to 1.551)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	4.585 (2.551 to 6.618)	<.001	1.908 (0.166 to 3.649)	.032
Diabetes mellitus	4.624 (4.074 to 5.175)	<.001
Hypertension	4.125 (3.658 to 4.592)	<.001	1.241 (0.806 to 1.677)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.826 (7.291 to 8.362)	<.001	4.572 (3.965 to 5.178)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.363 (3.537 to 5.189)	<.001	–1.831 (–2.620 to –1.041)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	5.040 (4.642 to 5.438)	<.001	1.302 (0.903 to 1.701)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	13.789 (12.294 to 15.284)	<.001	6.350 (4.965 to 7.734)	<.001
Renal replacement	10.780 (8.050 to 13.510)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.106 (–1.148 to 0.936)	.842
Positive anti-HCV	–0.815 (–3.549 to 1.918)	.559

	Duration From First Positive to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.358 (3.894 to 4.822)	<.001	1.017 (0.616 to 1.418)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.638 (–0.661 to –0.616)	<.001	–0.556 (–0.578 to –0.533)	<.001
Age	0.098 (0.088 to 0.107)	<.001
Male gender	1.044 (0.684 to 1.403)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.011 (3.201 to 6.820)	<.001	2.226 (0.798 to 3.654)	.002
Diabetes mellitus	4.519 (4.030 to 5.007)	<.001	0.537 (0.075 to 1.000)	.023
Hypertension	3.838 (3.423 to 4.253)	<.001	0.763 (0.380 to 1.147)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.673 (7.202 to 8.144)	<.001	4.347 (3.846 to 4.848)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.833 (4.100 to 5.565)	<.001	–1.335 (–1.982 to –0.687)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.824 (4.472 to 5.177)	<.001	0.858 (0.530 to 1.186)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.885 (11.557 to 14.213)	<.001	5.234 (4.083 to 6.384)	<.001
Renal replacement	8.785 (6.352 to 11.217)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.266 (–1.218 to 0.686)	.584
Positive anti-HCV	–0.910 (–3.420 to 1.599)	.477
	Duration From Admission to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.295 (3.831 to 4.759)	<.001	1.005 (0.601 to 1.409)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.627 (–0.650 to –0.604)	<.001	–0.546 (–0.569 to –0.524)	<.001
Age	0.096 (0.086 to 0.105)	<.001
Male gender	1.064 (0.705 to 1.423)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	5.100 (3.293 to 6.908)	<.001	2.376 (0.936 to 3.815)	.001
Diabetes mellitus	4.479 (3.991 to 4.967)	<.001	0.538 (0.071 to 1.004)	.024
Hypertension	3.815 (3.400 to 4.229)	<.001	0.790 (0.403 to 1.176)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.604 (7.133 to 8.075)	<.001	4.336 (3.831 to 4.841)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.851 (4.120 to 5.583)	<.001	–1.254 (–1.907 to –0.602)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	4.673 (4.320 to 5.026)	<.001	0.738 (0.407 to 1.068)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	12.806 (11.479 to 14.133)	<.001	5.245 (4.085 to 6.404)	<.001
Renal replacement	9.241 (6.813 to 11.67)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.285 (–1.239 to 0.670)	.559
Positive anti-HCV	–0.844 (–3.364 to 1.676)	.512
	Duration From Symptom Onset to First Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2
	Univariate Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
Parameters	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value
ALT/AST elevation	4.440 (3.916 to 4.963)	<.001	1.034 (0.544 to 1.523)	<.001
Trough Ct value	–0.572 (–0.599 to –0.544)	<.001	–0.478 (–0.505 to –0.450)	<.001
Age	0.104 (0.093 to 0.115)	<.001
Male gender	1.147 (0.743 to 1.551)	<.001
Liver cirrhosis	4.585 (2.551 to 6.618)	<.001	1.908 (0.166 to 3.649)	.032
Diabetes mellitus	4.624 (4.074 to 5.175)	<.001
Hypertension	4.125 (3.658 to 4.592)	<.001	1.241 (0.806 to 1.677)	<.001
Use of corticosteroids	7.826 (7.291 to 8.362)	<.001	4.572 (3.965 to 5.178)	<.001
Use of remdesivir	4.363 (3.537 to 5.189)	<.001	–1.831 (–2.620 to –1.041)	<.001
Use of other antiviral agents for COVID-19	5.040 (4.642 to 5.438)	<.001	1.302 (0.903 to 1.701)	<.001
Mechanical ventilation	13.789 (12.294 to 15.284)	<.001	6.350 (4.965 to 7.734)	<.001
Renal replacement	10.780 (8.050 to 13.510)	<.001
Positive HBsAg	–0.106 (–1.148 to 0.936)	.842
Positive anti-HCV	–0.815 (–3.549 to 1.918)	.559

ALT/AST elevation was defined by ALT and/or AST ≥2× the upper limit of normal at baseline or during follow-up. The upper limit of normal of ALT and AST was 40 U/L. ALT/AST elevation was forced into the multivariable model. Use of antiviral agents included the use of lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and/or interferon-beta. Negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 was indicated by a negative qualitative result or a quantitative Ct value ≥40.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Ct, cycle threshold; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

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