| Variable . | Study population (N = 1126) . | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.1 ± 12.1 | |
| Gender (male) | 820 (72.8) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 6.1 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | |
| Diabetes | 335 (29.8) | |
| Dialysis | 22 (2.0) | |
| Lung disease | 274 (24.3) | |
| COPD | 96 (8.5) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 164 (14.6) | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 151 (13.4) | |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 131 (11.6) | |
| Heart failure | 168 (14.9) | |
| Hypertension | 938 (83.3) | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 841 (74.7) | |
| Liver disease | 31 (2.8) | |
| Family history of CAD | 223 (19.8) | |
| Arrhythmia | 211 (18.7) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 188 (16.7) | |
| Persistent/permanent | 87 (7.7) | |
| Other atrial fibrillation | 101 (9.0) | |
| Smoking history (current/former) | 616 (54.7) | |
| Illicit drug use | 56 (5.0) | |
| Alcohol use (drinks/week) | ||
| None | 458 (40.7) | |
| <2/week | 417 (37.0) | |
| 2–7/week | 159 (14.1) | |
| >7/week | 92 (8.2) | |
| Depression | 151 (13.4) | |
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Mediastinal radiation | 18 (1.6) | |
| Immunosuppression | 39 (3.5) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 28 (2.5) | |
| Albumin | 3.7 ± 0.5 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.3 ± 13.2 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Platelets (x10^3/uL) | 214 ± 68 | |
| Degree of aortic insufficiency | ||
| None | 269 (23.9) | |
| Trace | 148 (13.1) | |
| Mild | 337 (29.9) | |
| Moderate | 182 (16.2) | |
| Severe | 190 (16.9) | |
| Society of thoracic surgeons score | 0.03 ± 0.03 | |
| Redo operations | 114 (10.1) | |
| Indication | ||
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Root/aorta operation | 88 (7.8) | |
| Aortic stenosis | 765 (67.9) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | 215 (19.1) | |
| Operative status | ||
| Elective | 899 (79.8) | |
| Urgent | 193 (17.1) | |
| Emergent | 34 (3.0) | |
| Operative approach | ||
| Sternotomy | 983 (87.3) | |
| Mini-sternotomy | 127 (11.3) | |
| Right thoracotomy | 16 (1.4) | |
| Concomitant procedure | ||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 413 (36.7) | |
| Mitral or tricuspid valve | 86 (7.6) | |
| Antiarrhythmic procedure | 52 (4.6) | |
| Root operation | 85 (7.6) | |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 129.1 ± 58.4 | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 161.5 ± 73.6 | |
| Variable . | Study population (N = 1126) . | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.1 ± 12.1 | |
| Gender (male) | 820 (72.8) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 6.1 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | |
| Diabetes | 335 (29.8) | |
| Dialysis | 22 (2.0) | |
| Lung disease | 274 (24.3) | |
| COPD | 96 (8.5) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 164 (14.6) | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 151 (13.4) | |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 131 (11.6) | |
| Heart failure | 168 (14.9) | |
| Hypertension | 938 (83.3) | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 841 (74.7) | |
| Liver disease | 31 (2.8) | |
| Family history of CAD | 223 (19.8) | |
| Arrhythmia | 211 (18.7) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 188 (16.7) | |
| Persistent/permanent | 87 (7.7) | |
| Other atrial fibrillation | 101 (9.0) | |
| Smoking history (current/former) | 616 (54.7) | |
| Illicit drug use | 56 (5.0) | |
| Alcohol use (drinks/week) | ||
| None | 458 (40.7) | |
| <2/week | 417 (37.0) | |
| 2–7/week | 159 (14.1) | |
| >7/week | 92 (8.2) | |
| Depression | 151 (13.4) | |
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Mediastinal radiation | 18 (1.6) | |
| Immunosuppression | 39 (3.5) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 28 (2.5) | |
| Albumin | 3.7 ± 0.5 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.3 ± 13.2 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Platelets (x10^3/uL) | 214 ± 68 | |
| Degree of aortic insufficiency | ||
| None | 269 (23.9) | |
| Trace | 148 (13.1) | |
| Mild | 337 (29.9) | |
| Moderate | 182 (16.2) | |
| Severe | 190 (16.9) | |
| Society of thoracic surgeons score | 0.03 ± 0.03 | |
| Redo operations | 114 (10.1) | |
| Indication | ||
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Root/aorta operation | 88 (7.8) | |
| Aortic stenosis | 765 (67.9) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | 215 (19.1) | |
| Operative status | ||
| Elective | 899 (79.8) | |
| Urgent | 193 (17.1) | |
| Emergent | 34 (3.0) | |
| Operative approach | ||
| Sternotomy | 983 (87.3) | |
| Mini-sternotomy | 127 (11.3) | |
| Right thoracotomy | 16 (1.4) | |
| Concomitant procedure | ||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 413 (36.7) | |
| Mitral or tricuspid valve | 86 (7.6) | |
| Antiarrhythmic procedure | 52 (4.6) | |
| Root operation | 85 (7.6) | |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 129.1 ± 58.4 | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 161.5 ± 73.6 | |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and categorical variables as number (%).
| Variable . | Study population (N = 1126) . | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.1 ± 12.1 | |
| Gender (male) | 820 (72.8) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 6.1 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | |
| Diabetes | 335 (29.8) | |
| Dialysis | 22 (2.0) | |
| Lung disease | 274 (24.3) | |
| COPD | 96 (8.5) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 164 (14.6) | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 151 (13.4) | |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 131 (11.6) | |
| Heart failure | 168 (14.9) | |
| Hypertension | 938 (83.3) | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 841 (74.7) | |
| Liver disease | 31 (2.8) | |
| Family history of CAD | 223 (19.8) | |
| Arrhythmia | 211 (18.7) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 188 (16.7) | |
| Persistent/permanent | 87 (7.7) | |
| Other atrial fibrillation | 101 (9.0) | |
| Smoking history (current/former) | 616 (54.7) | |
| Illicit drug use | 56 (5.0) | |
| Alcohol use (drinks/week) | ||
| None | 458 (40.7) | |
| <2/week | 417 (37.0) | |
| 2–7/week | 159 (14.1) | |
| >7/week | 92 (8.2) | |
| Depression | 151 (13.4) | |
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Mediastinal radiation | 18 (1.6) | |
| Immunosuppression | 39 (3.5) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 28 (2.5) | |
| Albumin | 3.7 ± 0.5 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.3 ± 13.2 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Platelets (x10^3/uL) | 214 ± 68 | |
| Degree of aortic insufficiency | ||
| None | 269 (23.9) | |
| Trace | 148 (13.1) | |
| Mild | 337 (29.9) | |
| Moderate | 182 (16.2) | |
| Severe | 190 (16.9) | |
| Society of thoracic surgeons score | 0.03 ± 0.03 | |
| Redo operations | 114 (10.1) | |
| Indication | ||
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Root/aorta operation | 88 (7.8) | |
| Aortic stenosis | 765 (67.9) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | 215 (19.1) | |
| Operative status | ||
| Elective | 899 (79.8) | |
| Urgent | 193 (17.1) | |
| Emergent | 34 (3.0) | |
| Operative approach | ||
| Sternotomy | 983 (87.3) | |
| Mini-sternotomy | 127 (11.3) | |
| Right thoracotomy | 16 (1.4) | |
| Concomitant procedure | ||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 413 (36.7) | |
| Mitral or tricuspid valve | 86 (7.6) | |
| Antiarrhythmic procedure | 52 (4.6) | |
| Root operation | 85 (7.6) | |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 129.1 ± 58.4 | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 161.5 ± 73.6 | |
| Variable . | Study population (N = 1126) . | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.1 ± 12.1 | |
| Gender (male) | 820 (72.8) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 6.1 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | |
| Diabetes | 335 (29.8) | |
| Dialysis | 22 (2.0) | |
| Lung disease | 274 (24.3) | |
| COPD | 96 (8.5) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 164 (14.6) | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 151 (13.4) | |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 131 (11.6) | |
| Heart failure | 168 (14.9) | |
| Hypertension | 938 (83.3) | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 841 (74.7) | |
| Liver disease | 31 (2.8) | |
| Family history of CAD | 223 (19.8) | |
| Arrhythmia | 211 (18.7) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 188 (16.7) | |
| Persistent/permanent | 87 (7.7) | |
| Other atrial fibrillation | 101 (9.0) | |
| Smoking history (current/former) | 616 (54.7) | |
| Illicit drug use | 56 (5.0) | |
| Alcohol use (drinks/week) | ||
| None | 458 (40.7) | |
| <2/week | 417 (37.0) | |
| 2–7/week | 159 (14.1) | |
| >7/week | 92 (8.2) | |
| Depression | 151 (13.4) | |
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Mediastinal radiation | 18 (1.6) | |
| Immunosuppression | 39 (3.5) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 28 (2.5) | |
| Albumin | 3.7 ± 0.5 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.3 ± 13.2 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Platelets (x10^3/uL) | 214 ± 68 | |
| Degree of aortic insufficiency | ||
| None | 269 (23.9) | |
| Trace | 148 (13.1) | |
| Mild | 337 (29.9) | |
| Moderate | 182 (16.2) | |
| Severe | 190 (16.9) | |
| Society of thoracic surgeons score | 0.03 ± 0.03 | |
| Redo operations | 114 (10.1) | |
| Indication | ||
| Endocarditis | 58 (5.1) | |
| Root/aorta operation | 88 (7.8) | |
| Aortic stenosis | 765 (67.9) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | 215 (19.1) | |
| Operative status | ||
| Elective | 899 (79.8) | |
| Urgent | 193 (17.1) | |
| Emergent | 34 (3.0) | |
| Operative approach | ||
| Sternotomy | 983 (87.3) | |
| Mini-sternotomy | 127 (11.3) | |
| Right thoracotomy | 16 (1.4) | |
| Concomitant procedure | ||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 413 (36.7) | |
| Mitral or tricuspid valve | 86 (7.6) | |
| Antiarrhythmic procedure | 52 (4.6) | |
| Root operation | 85 (7.6) | |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 129.1 ± 58.4 | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 161.5 ± 73.6 | |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and categorical variables as number (%).
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