Table 2.
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Overview of current material used to the build 3D system

Primary materialAdvantage/disadvantageRelative 3D scaffold
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)1. Covalently cross-linkable with ECM proteins.
2. Tunable mechanical stiffness.
3. Highly modular building blocks.
4. Highly transparent and scalable structure.
5. Highly consistent monomer size and structure.		1. PEG hydrogel scaffold
2. Hybrid hydrogel
Natural material1. Closest to microenvironment.
2. Holistic biochemical signals.
3. Inconsistent monomer size and structure.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. Decellularized liver scaffold
2. Matrigel
Chitosan1. Biocompatible.
2. Biodegradable.
3. Highly modular.
4. Easy to process from natural materials.
5. Resembles glycosaminoglycans.		1. Chitosan-gelatin porous structures
2. Chitosan nanofiber
Alginate1. Biocompatibility.
2. Low immunogenicity.
3. High clinical precedent.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. GL–Alg–Ca hydrogel
2. Chitosan alginate scaffold
Primary materialAdvantage/disadvantageRelative 3D scaffold
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)1. Covalently cross-linkable with ECM proteins.
2. Tunable mechanical stiffness.
3. Highly modular building blocks.
4. Highly transparent and scalable structure.
5. Highly consistent monomer size and structure.		1. PEG hydrogel scaffold
2. Hybrid hydrogel
Natural material1. Closest to microenvironment.
2. Holistic biochemical signals.
3. Inconsistent monomer size and structure.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. Decellularized liver scaffold
2. Matrigel
Chitosan1. Biocompatible.
2. Biodegradable.
3. Highly modular.
4. Easy to process from natural materials.
5. Resembles glycosaminoglycans.		1. Chitosan-gelatin porous structures
2. Chitosan nanofiber
Alginate1. Biocompatibility.
2. Low immunogenicity.
3. High clinical precedent.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. GL–Alg–Ca hydrogel
2. Chitosan alginate scaffold
Table 2.
Open in new tab

Overview of current material used to the build 3D system

Primary materialAdvantage/disadvantageRelative 3D scaffold
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)1. Covalently cross-linkable with ECM proteins.
2. Tunable mechanical stiffness.
3. Highly modular building blocks.
4. Highly transparent and scalable structure.
5. Highly consistent monomer size and structure.		1. PEG hydrogel scaffold
2. Hybrid hydrogel
Natural material1. Closest to microenvironment.
2. Holistic biochemical signals.
3. Inconsistent monomer size and structure.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. Decellularized liver scaffold
2. Matrigel
Chitosan1. Biocompatible.
2. Biodegradable.
3. Highly modular.
4. Easy to process from natural materials.
5. Resembles glycosaminoglycans.		1. Chitosan-gelatin porous structures
2. Chitosan nanofiber
Alginate1. Biocompatibility.
2. Low immunogenicity.
3. High clinical precedent.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. GL–Alg–Ca hydrogel
2. Chitosan alginate scaffold
Primary materialAdvantage/disadvantageRelative 3D scaffold
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)1. Covalently cross-linkable with ECM proteins.
2. Tunable mechanical stiffness.
3. Highly modular building blocks.
4. Highly transparent and scalable structure.
5. Highly consistent monomer size and structure.		1. PEG hydrogel scaffold
2. Hybrid hydrogel
Natural material1. Closest to microenvironment.
2. Holistic biochemical signals.
3. Inconsistent monomer size and structure.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. Decellularized liver scaffold
2. Matrigel
Chitosan1. Biocompatible.
2. Biodegradable.
3. Highly modular.
4. Easy to process from natural materials.
5. Resembles glycosaminoglycans.		1. Chitosan-gelatin porous structures
2. Chitosan nanofiber
Alginate1. Biocompatibility.
2. Low immunogenicity.
3. High clinical precedent.
4. High batch-to-batch variation.		1. GL–Alg–Ca hydrogel
2. Chitosan alginate scaffold
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