Table 1. Open in new tab Demographic and...

Demographics

n (%)

UC (ng/mL)
(median, p25–p75)

p value

Gender

Male

21 (40)

.3 (.1–2.6)

.960

Female

32 (60)

.5 (.1–2.8)

Ethnicity

Latino/Hispanic

12 (23)

.1 (.1–2.7)

.014

African American/Black

7(13)

2.8 (1.2–9.9) ^a

Caucasian/White

11 (21)

.3 (.2-.0)

Asian/Pacific Islander

2 (4)

.8 (.5)

Bi- or multiracial

21 (40)

1.3 (.1–4.5) ^a

Yearly income

$20,000 and less

11 (21)

1.2 (.1–4.9)

.672

$20,001 to $50,000

19 (36)

.9 (.1–3.6)

$50,001 and above

23 (43)

.3 (.1–1.4)

Parents/caregivers education

High school and below

7 (13)

2.0 (.3–6.7)

.395

Some college

26 (49)

.5 (.1–3.5)

Received higher education diploma

20 (38)

.3 (.1–1.4)

Children’s age groups

3 to <6 years of age

12 (23)

.8 (.2–2.6)

6 to <11 years of age

28 (53)

.8 (.2–3.6)

.355

11 to 14 years of age

13 (25)

.0 (.0–3.1)

Household characteristics

Number of occupants

≤3

10 (19)

.3 (.2–6.2)

4–5

25 (47)

.5 (.1–1.7)

.825

≥6

18 (34)

.7 (.2–2.9)

Number of rooms

≤6

20 (38)

1.0 (.2–3.5)

15 (28)

.2 (.0–1.3)

.080

≥8

18 (34)

.7 (.3–3.0)

Years living in residence

≤2

19 (37)

1.2 (.3–4.7)

2 − ≤5

17 (33)

.3 (.1–1.5)

.139

≥6

15 (29)

.5 (.1–1.9)

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Demographic and household characteristics in relation to urinary cotinine (UC) (n = 53)

Demographics	n (%)	UC (ng/mL) (median, p25–p75)	p value
Gender
Male	21 (40)	.3 (.1–2.6)	.960
Female	32 (60)	.5 (.1–2.8)
Ethnicity
Latino/Hispanic	12 (23)	.1 (.1–2.7)	.014
African American/Black	7(13)	2.8 (1.2–9.9) ^a
Caucasian/White	11 (21)	.3 (.2-.0)
Asian/Pacific Islander	2 (4)	.8 (.5)
Bi- or multiracial	21 (40)	1.3 (.1–4.5) ^a
Yearly income
$20,000 and less	11 (21)	1.2 (.1–4.9)	.672
$20,001 to $50,000	19 (36)	.9 (.1–3.6)
$50,001 and above	23 (43)	.3 (.1–1.4)
Parents/caregivers education
High school and below	7 (13)	2.0 (.3–6.7)	.395
Some college	26 (49)	.5 (.1–3.5)
Received higher education diploma	20 (38)	.3 (.1–1.4)
Children’s age groups
3 to <6 years of age	12 (23)	.8 (.2–2.6)
6 to <11 years of age	28 (53)	.8 (.2–3.6)	.355
11 to 14 years of age	13 (25)	.0 (.0–3.1)
Household characteristics
Number of occupants
≤3	10 (19)	.3 (.2–6.2)
4–5	25 (47)	.5 (.1–1.7)	.825
≥6	18 (34)	.7 (.2–2.9)
Number of rooms
≤6	20 (38)	1.0 (.2–3.5)
7	15 (28)	.2 (.0–1.3)	.080
≥8	18 (34)	.7 (.3–3.0)
Years living in residence
≤2	19 (37)	1.2 (.3–4.7)
2 − ≤5	17 (33)	.3 (.1–1.5)	.139
≥6	15 (29)	.5 (.1–1.9)

Demographics	n (%)	UC (ng/mL) (median, p25–p75)	p value
Gender
Male	21 (40)	.3 (.1–2.6)	.960
Female	32 (60)	.5 (.1–2.8)
Ethnicity
Latino/Hispanic	12 (23)	.1 (.1–2.7)	.014
African American/Black	7(13)	2.8 (1.2–9.9) ^a
Caucasian/White	11 (21)	.3 (.2-.0)
Asian/Pacific Islander	2 (4)	.8 (.5)
Bi- or multiracial	21 (40)	1.3 (.1–4.5) ^a
Yearly income
$20,000 and less	11 (21)	1.2 (.1–4.9)	.672
$20,001 to $50,000	19 (36)	.9 (.1–3.6)
$50,001 and above	23 (43)	.3 (.1–1.4)
Parents/caregivers education
High school and below	7 (13)	2.0 (.3–6.7)	.395
Some college	26 (49)	.5 (.1–3.5)
Received higher education diploma	20 (38)	.3 (.1–1.4)
Children’s age groups
3 to <6 years of age	12 (23)	.8 (.2–2.6)
6 to <11 years of age	28 (53)	.8 (.2–3.6)	.355
11 to 14 years of age	13 (25)	.0 (.0–3.1)
Household characteristics
Number of occupants
≤3	10 (19)	.3 (.2–6.2)
4–5	25 (47)	.5 (.1–1.7)	.825
≥6	18 (34)	.7 (.2–2.9)
Number of rooms
≤6	20 (38)	1.0 (.2–3.5)
7	15 (28)	.2 (.0–1.3)	.080
≥8	18 (34)	.7 (.3–3.0)
Years living in residence
≤2	19 (37)	1.2 (.3–4.7)
2 − ≤5	17 (33)	.3 (.1–1.5)	.139
≥6	15 (29)	.5 (.1–1.9)

Note: Bold values are significant (p < .05).

p25–p75 = 25th and 75th percentile.

^aAfrican–American/Black and Multiracial groups had significantly higher levels than Latinos.

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