Table 1:
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Root total length, root surface area, root average diameter, root dry weight (DW), shoot DW, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf acid phosphatase in female and male of Populus cathayana under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency (−N−P), nitrate and P deficiency (NO3−−P), ammonium and P deficiency (NH4+−P), N deficiency and high P (−N+P), NO3− and high P (NO3−+P) and NH4+ and high P (NH4++P)

SexTreatmentTotal root length (cm)Root surface area (cm2)Root diameter (mm)Root DW (g)Shoot DW (g)LMA (g m−3)Leaf acid phosphatase activity (g g−1 protein h−1)
Female−N−P2240.1 ± 199.2f187.7 ± 22.4e0.403 ± 0.03cd2.84 ± 0.63e7.92 ± 1.40g37.0 ± 1.0cd8.68 ± 1.02ab
−N+P2210.1 ± 341.9f135.2 ± 11.8f0.402 ± 0.02cd3.87 ± 0.25e8.22 ± 0.45g44.8 ± 1.1a5.06 ± 0.30ef
+NO3−−P3563.7 ± 139.9e221.9 ± 18.0d0.467 ± 0.01b7.43 ± 0.81b32.80 ± 1.82b34.8 ± 0.8de4.53 ± 0.53fg
+NO3−+P4302.8 ± 256.5bc281.2 ± 12.5b0.473 ± 0.02b8.55 ± 0.41a37.38 ± 0.58a36.3 ± 0.8cde5.45 ± 0.79ef
+NH4+−P4602.6 ± 214.6b283.9 ± 13.4b0.412 ± 0.03c5.97 ± 0.45c23.14 ± 1.33ef33.8 ± 1.1efg6.27 ± 0.51de
+NH4++P5292.8 ± 287.9a340.8 ± 11.0a0.542 ± 0.02a7.61 ± 0.33b33.70 ± 1.41b37.7 ± 3.9c5.61 ± 1.13ef
Male−N−P2329.4 ± 168.8f145.1 ± 11.1f0.346 ± 0.01e2.86 ± 0.65e8.44 ± 0.56g42.5 ± 1.8ab9.79 ± 1.61a
−N+P2349.9 ± 78.6f159.6 ± 12.1ef0.373 ± 0.02de2.07 ± 0.39f9.24 ± 1.06g40.8 ± 1.2b3.71 ± 0.43g
+NO3−−P3845.3 ± 114.3de260.4 ± 23.4bc0.383 ± 0.01cd4.06 ± 0.45d27.45 ± 0.77d31.3 ± 1.7fg7.23 ± 0.65cd
+NO3−+P3553.7 ± 223.5e218.9 ± 20.5d0.398 ± 0.07cd4.04 ± 0.34d29.72 ± 1.22c31.9 ± 0.8g5.32 ± 0.70ef
+NH4+−P4157.7 ± 215.1cd283.4 ± 10.5b0.462 ± 0.01b3.96 ± 0.45e22.19 ± 1.05f34.3 ± 1.6ef7.72 ± 0.69bc
+NH4++P3568.5 ± 312.6e240.2 ± 25.4cd0.396 ± 0.01cd4.46 ± 0.23d24.20 ± 1.15e35.8 ± 1.5cde5.33 ± 0.60ef
P valuesSex (S)****************
Nitrogen (N)*********************
Phosphorus (P)nsns**************
S × N***************ns
S × P*********************
N × Pnsnsns****ns***
S × N × P*******ns*****ns
SexTreatmentTotal root length (cm)Root surface area (cm2)Root diameter (mm)Root DW (g)Shoot DW (g)LMA (g m−3)Leaf acid phosphatase activity (g g−1 protein h−1)
Female−N−P2240.1 ± 199.2f187.7 ± 22.4e0.403 ± 0.03cd2.84 ± 0.63e7.92 ± 1.40g37.0 ± 1.0cd8.68 ± 1.02ab
−N+P2210.1 ± 341.9f135.2 ± 11.8f0.402 ± 0.02cd3.87 ± 0.25e8.22 ± 0.45g44.8 ± 1.1a5.06 ± 0.30ef
+NO3−−P3563.7 ± 139.9e221.9 ± 18.0d0.467 ± 0.01b7.43 ± 0.81b32.80 ± 1.82b34.8 ± 0.8de4.53 ± 0.53fg
+NO3−+P4302.8 ± 256.5bc281.2 ± 12.5b0.473 ± 0.02b8.55 ± 0.41a37.38 ± 0.58a36.3 ± 0.8cde5.45 ± 0.79ef
+NH4+−P4602.6 ± 214.6b283.9 ± 13.4b0.412 ± 0.03c5.97 ± 0.45c23.14 ± 1.33ef33.8 ± 1.1efg6.27 ± 0.51de
+NH4++P5292.8 ± 287.9a340.8 ± 11.0a0.542 ± 0.02a7.61 ± 0.33b33.70 ± 1.41b37.7 ± 3.9c5.61 ± 1.13ef
Male−N−P2329.4 ± 168.8f145.1 ± 11.1f0.346 ± 0.01e2.86 ± 0.65e8.44 ± 0.56g42.5 ± 1.8ab9.79 ± 1.61a
−N+P2349.9 ± 78.6f159.6 ± 12.1ef0.373 ± 0.02de2.07 ± 0.39f9.24 ± 1.06g40.8 ± 1.2b3.71 ± 0.43g
+NO3−−P3845.3 ± 114.3de260.4 ± 23.4bc0.383 ± 0.01cd4.06 ± 0.45d27.45 ± 0.77d31.3 ± 1.7fg7.23 ± 0.65cd
+NO3−+P3553.7 ± 223.5e218.9 ± 20.5d0.398 ± 0.07cd4.04 ± 0.34d29.72 ± 1.22c31.9 ± 0.8g5.32 ± 0.70ef
+NH4+−P4157.7 ± 215.1cd283.4 ± 10.5b0.462 ± 0.01b3.96 ± 0.45e22.19 ± 1.05f34.3 ± 1.6ef7.72 ± 0.69bc
+NH4++P3568.5 ± 312.6e240.2 ± 25.4cd0.396 ± 0.01cd4.46 ± 0.23d24.20 ± 1.15e35.8 ± 1.5cde5.33 ± 0.60ef
P valuesSex (S)****************
Nitrogen (N)*********************
Phosphorus (P)nsns**************
S × N***************ns
S × P*********************
N × Pnsnsns****ns***
S × N × P*******ns*****ns

Bars represent means ± standard error (SE; n = 4). Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05; Duncan’s test). The significance values of the three-way analysis of variance are shown as follows: ns = not significant; *0.01 < P ≤ 0.05; **0.001 < P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001.

Table 1:
Open in new tab

Root total length, root surface area, root average diameter, root dry weight (DW), shoot DW, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf acid phosphatase in female and male of Populus cathayana under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency (−N−P), nitrate and P deficiency (NO3−−P), ammonium and P deficiency (NH4+−P), N deficiency and high P (−N+P), NO3− and high P (NO3−+P) and NH4+ and high P (NH4++P)

SexTreatmentTotal root length (cm)Root surface area (cm2)Root diameter (mm)Root DW (g)Shoot DW (g)LMA (g m−3)Leaf acid phosphatase activity (g g−1 protein h−1)
Female−N−P2240.1 ± 199.2f187.7 ± 22.4e0.403 ± 0.03cd2.84 ± 0.63e7.92 ± 1.40g37.0 ± 1.0cd8.68 ± 1.02ab
−N+P2210.1 ± 341.9f135.2 ± 11.8f0.402 ± 0.02cd3.87 ± 0.25e8.22 ± 0.45g44.8 ± 1.1a5.06 ± 0.30ef
+NO3−−P3563.7 ± 139.9e221.9 ± 18.0d0.467 ± 0.01b7.43 ± 0.81b32.80 ± 1.82b34.8 ± 0.8de4.53 ± 0.53fg
+NO3−+P4302.8 ± 256.5bc281.2 ± 12.5b0.473 ± 0.02b8.55 ± 0.41a37.38 ± 0.58a36.3 ± 0.8cde5.45 ± 0.79ef
+NH4+−P4602.6 ± 214.6b283.9 ± 13.4b0.412 ± 0.03c5.97 ± 0.45c23.14 ± 1.33ef33.8 ± 1.1efg6.27 ± 0.51de
+NH4++P5292.8 ± 287.9a340.8 ± 11.0a0.542 ± 0.02a7.61 ± 0.33b33.70 ± 1.41b37.7 ± 3.9c5.61 ± 1.13ef
Male−N−P2329.4 ± 168.8f145.1 ± 11.1f0.346 ± 0.01e2.86 ± 0.65e8.44 ± 0.56g42.5 ± 1.8ab9.79 ± 1.61a
−N+P2349.9 ± 78.6f159.6 ± 12.1ef0.373 ± 0.02de2.07 ± 0.39f9.24 ± 1.06g40.8 ± 1.2b3.71 ± 0.43g
+NO3−−P3845.3 ± 114.3de260.4 ± 23.4bc0.383 ± 0.01cd4.06 ± 0.45d27.45 ± 0.77d31.3 ± 1.7fg7.23 ± 0.65cd
+NO3−+P3553.7 ± 223.5e218.9 ± 20.5d0.398 ± 0.07cd4.04 ± 0.34d29.72 ± 1.22c31.9 ± 0.8g5.32 ± 0.70ef
+NH4+−P4157.7 ± 215.1cd283.4 ± 10.5b0.462 ± 0.01b3.96 ± 0.45e22.19 ± 1.05f34.3 ± 1.6ef7.72 ± 0.69bc
+NH4++P3568.5 ± 312.6e240.2 ± 25.4cd0.396 ± 0.01cd4.46 ± 0.23d24.20 ± 1.15e35.8 ± 1.5cde5.33 ± 0.60ef
P valuesSex (S)****************
Nitrogen (N)*********************
Phosphorus (P)nsns**************
S × N***************ns
S × P*********************
N × Pnsnsns****ns***
S × N × P*******ns*****ns
SexTreatmentTotal root length (cm)Root surface area (cm2)Root diameter (mm)Root DW (g)Shoot DW (g)LMA (g m−3)Leaf acid phosphatase activity (g g−1 protein h−1)
Female−N−P2240.1 ± 199.2f187.7 ± 22.4e0.403 ± 0.03cd2.84 ± 0.63e7.92 ± 1.40g37.0 ± 1.0cd8.68 ± 1.02ab
−N+P2210.1 ± 341.9f135.2 ± 11.8f0.402 ± 0.02cd3.87 ± 0.25e8.22 ± 0.45g44.8 ± 1.1a5.06 ± 0.30ef
+NO3−−P3563.7 ± 139.9e221.9 ± 18.0d0.467 ± 0.01b7.43 ± 0.81b32.80 ± 1.82b34.8 ± 0.8de4.53 ± 0.53fg
+NO3−+P4302.8 ± 256.5bc281.2 ± 12.5b0.473 ± 0.02b8.55 ± 0.41a37.38 ± 0.58a36.3 ± 0.8cde5.45 ± 0.79ef
+NH4+−P4602.6 ± 214.6b283.9 ± 13.4b0.412 ± 0.03c5.97 ± 0.45c23.14 ± 1.33ef33.8 ± 1.1efg6.27 ± 0.51de
+NH4++P5292.8 ± 287.9a340.8 ± 11.0a0.542 ± 0.02a7.61 ± 0.33b33.70 ± 1.41b37.7 ± 3.9c5.61 ± 1.13ef
Male−N−P2329.4 ± 168.8f145.1 ± 11.1f0.346 ± 0.01e2.86 ± 0.65e8.44 ± 0.56g42.5 ± 1.8ab9.79 ± 1.61a
−N+P2349.9 ± 78.6f159.6 ± 12.1ef0.373 ± 0.02de2.07 ± 0.39f9.24 ± 1.06g40.8 ± 1.2b3.71 ± 0.43g
+NO3−−P3845.3 ± 114.3de260.4 ± 23.4bc0.383 ± 0.01cd4.06 ± 0.45d27.45 ± 0.77d31.3 ± 1.7fg7.23 ± 0.65cd
+NO3−+P3553.7 ± 223.5e218.9 ± 20.5d0.398 ± 0.07cd4.04 ± 0.34d29.72 ± 1.22c31.9 ± 0.8g5.32 ± 0.70ef
+NH4+−P4157.7 ± 215.1cd283.4 ± 10.5b0.462 ± 0.01b3.96 ± 0.45e22.19 ± 1.05f34.3 ± 1.6ef7.72 ± 0.69bc
+NH4++P3568.5 ± 312.6e240.2 ± 25.4cd0.396 ± 0.01cd4.46 ± 0.23d24.20 ± 1.15e35.8 ± 1.5cde5.33 ± 0.60ef
P valuesSex (S)****************
Nitrogen (N)*********************
Phosphorus (P)nsns**************
S × N***************ns
S × P*********************
N × Pnsnsns****ns***
S × N × P*******ns*****ns

Bars represent means ± standard error (SE; n = 4). Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05; Duncan’s test). The significance values of the three-way analysis of variance are shown as follows: ns = not significant; *0.01 < P ≤ 0.05; **0.001 < P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001.

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