Table 2 Open in new tab... | Oxford Academic

	All (N = 46)	TMVr (N = 19)	Control (N = 27)	P value
Rest
LVEDD (mm)	63.2 ± 9.3	57.7±9.6	65.3±7.8	0.006
LVESD (mm)	52.4 ± 11.4	47.0 ± 11.8	55.9 ± 9.8	0.009
LVEDV (mL)	177.8 ± 82.0	148.7± 73.2	197.2 ± 83.2	0.046
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	107.9 ± 46.9	90.9 ± 42.6	119.3 ± 47.0	0.046
LVESV (mL)	123.4 ± 76.2	95.9 ± 65.1	141.7 ± 78.6	0.047
LVESVi (mL/m²)	74.9 ± 43.7	58.6 ± 38.7	85.7 ± 44.1	0.040
LVEF (%)	35.1 ± 12.0	39.8 ± 13.5	32.0 ± 9.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	45.9 ± 15.7	43.3 ± 14.5	47.7 ± 16.5	0.366
Cardiac output (L/min)	3.2 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.1	0.491
LAVi (mL/m²)	89.7 ± 67.7	80.6 ± 37.2	95.7 ± 82.1	0.467
E (m/s)	82.9 ± 32.9	103.3 ± 33.6	69.4 ± 24.7	<0.001
E/e'	14.0 ± 6.5	15.5 ± 4.2	12.8 ± 7.6	0.184
SPAP (mmHg)	33.0 ± 12.6	37.5 ±11.8	29.8 ± 12.4	0.048
TAPSE (mm)	14.7 ± 4.7	14.0 ± 4.2	15.2 ± 5.0	0.412
TAPSE/SPAP	0.59 ± 0.75	0.38 ± 0.16	0.75 ± 0.96	0.129
EROA (cm²)	0.22 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.08	0.047
RV (mL)	37.0 ± 15.2	42.1 ± 13.4	33.6 ± 13.6	0.068
Exercise
LVEDV (mL)	183.1 ± 72.5	147.5 ± 59.3	206.9 ± 71.6	0.006
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	111.4 ± 41.4	90.6 ± 34.4	125.3 ± 40.3	0.005
LVESV (mL)	116.9 ± 65.4	86.3 ± 48.6	137.3 ± 68.1	0.009
LVESVi (mL/m²)	71.2 ± 38.2	53.0 ± 29.1	83.4 ± 39.1	0.007
LVEF (%)	39.1 ± 13.4	44.4 ± 14.0	35.6 ± 11.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	51.6 ± 20.9	48.7 ± 17.6	53.7 ± 23.0	0.443
Cardiac output (L/min)	5.7 ± 2.9	6.1± 2.8	5.4 ± 2.1	0.426
E (m/s)	126.3 ± 29.5	130.4 ± 35.6	123.5 ± 24.8	0.445
E/e'	20.2 ± 9.1	23.2 ± 9.6	18.2 ± 8.2	0.065
SPAP (mmHg)	55.6 ± 14.8	61.1 ± 11.4	52.1 ± 15.8	0.049
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%)	20 (43)	12 (63)	8 (30)	0.024
ΔSPAP/ΔCO	13.3 ± 5.4	14.3 ± 6.7	12.6 ± 4.9	0.780
TAPSE (mm)	19.1 ± 5.3	17.6 ± 5.5	20.2 ± 5.0	0.120
TAPSE/SPAP	0.37 ± 0.19	0.29 ± 0.1	0.43 ± 0.22	0.018
EROA (cm²)	0.40 ± 0.11	0.44 ± 0.13	0.38 ± 0.10	0.081
RV (mL)	52.2 ± 15.1	56.5 ± 16.3	49.4 ± 13.8	0.125
Changes in EROA (cm²)	0.18 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.10	0.18 ± 0.04	0.940

All (N = 46)

TMVr (N = 19)

Control (N = 27)

P value

Rest

LVEDD (mm)

63.2 ± 9.3

57.7±9.6

65.3±7.8

0.006

LVESD (mm)

52.4 ± 11.4

47.0 ± 11.8

55.9 ± 9.8

0.009

LVEDV (mL)

177.8 ± 82.0

148.7± 73.2

197.2 ± 83.2

0.046

LVEDVi (mL/m²)

107.9 ± 46.9

90.9 ± 42.6

119.3 ± 47.0

0.046

LVESV (mL)

123.4 ± 76.2

95.9 ± 65.1

141.7 ± 78.6

0.047

LVESVi (mL/m²)

74.9 ± 43.7

58.6 ± 38.7

85.7 ± 44.1

0.040

LVEF (%)

35.1 ± 12.0

39.8 ± 13.5

32.0 ± 9.9

0.029

Stroke volume (mL)

45.9 ± 15.7

43.3 ± 14.5

47.7 ± 16.5

0.366

Cardiac output (L/min)

3.2 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.1

0.491

LAVi (mL/m²)

89.7 ± 67.7

80.6 ± 37.2

95.7 ± 82.1

0.467

E (m/s)

82.9 ± 32.9

103.3 ± 33.6

69.4 ± 24.7

<0.001

E/e'

14.0 ± 6.5

15.5 ± 4.2

12.8 ± 7.6

0.184

SPAP (mmHg)

33.0 ± 12.6

37.5 ±11.8

29.8 ± 12.4

0.048

TAPSE (mm)

14.7 ± 4.7

14.0 ± 4.2

15.2 ± 5.0

0.412

TAPSE/SPAP

0.59 ± 0.75

0.38 ± 0.16

0.75 ± 0.96

0.129

EROA (cm²)

0.22 ± 0.09

0.26 ± 0.10

0.20 ± 0.08

0.047

RV (mL)

37.0 ± 15.2

42.1 ± 13.4

33.6 ± 13.6

0.068

Exercise

LVEDV (mL)

183.1 ± 72.5

147.5 ± 59.3

206.9 ± 71.6

0.006

LVEDVi (mL/m²)

111.4 ± 41.4

90.6 ± 34.4

125.3 ± 40.3

0.005

LVESV (mL)

116.9 ± 65.4

86.3 ± 48.6

137.3 ± 68.1

0.009

LVESVi (mL/m²)

71.2 ± 38.2

53.0 ± 29.1

83.4 ± 39.1

0.007

LVEF (%)

39.1 ± 13.4

44.4 ± 14.0

35.6 ± 11.9

0.029

Stroke volume (mL)

51.6 ± 20.9

48.7 ± 17.6

53.7 ± 23.0

0.443

Cardiac output (L/min)

5.7 ± 2.9

6.1± 2.8

5.4 ± 2.1

0.426

E (m/s)

126.3 ± 29.5

130.4 ± 35.6

123.5 ± 24.8

0.445

E/e'

20.2 ± 9.1

23.2 ± 9.6

18.2 ± 8.2

0.065

SPAP (mmHg)

55.6 ± 14.8

61.1 ± 11.4

52.1 ± 15.8

0.049

Pulmonary hypertension, n (%)

20 (43)

12 (63)

8 (30)

0.024

ΔSPAP/ΔCO

13.3 ± 5.4

14.3 ± 6.7

12.6 ± 4.9

0.780

TAPSE (mm)

19.1 ± 5.3

17.6 ± 5.5

20.2 ± 5.0

0.120

TAPSE/SPAP

0.37 ± 0.19

0.29 ± 0.1

0.43 ± 0.22

0.018

EROA (cm²)

0.40 ± 0.11

0.44 ± 0.13

0.38 ± 0.10

0.081

RV (mL)

52.2 ± 15.1

56.5 ± 16.3

49.4 ± 13.8

0.125

Changes in EROA (cm²)

0.18 ± 0.07

0.18 ± 0.10

0.18 ± 0.04

0.940

	All (N = 46)	TMVr (N = 19)	Control (N = 27)	P value
Rest
LVEDD (mm)	63.2 ± 9.3	57.7±9.6	65.3±7.8	0.006
LVESD (mm)	52.4 ± 11.4	47.0 ± 11.8	55.9 ± 9.8	0.009
LVEDV (mL)	177.8 ± 82.0	148.7± 73.2	197.2 ± 83.2	0.046
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	107.9 ± 46.9	90.9 ± 42.6	119.3 ± 47.0	0.046
LVESV (mL)	123.4 ± 76.2	95.9 ± 65.1	141.7 ± 78.6	0.047
LVESVi (mL/m²)	74.9 ± 43.7	58.6 ± 38.7	85.7 ± 44.1	0.040
LVEF (%)	35.1 ± 12.0	39.8 ± 13.5	32.0 ± 9.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	45.9 ± 15.7	43.3 ± 14.5	47.7 ± 16.5	0.366
Cardiac output (L/min)	3.2 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.1	0.491
LAVi (mL/m²)	89.7 ± 67.7	80.6 ± 37.2	95.7 ± 82.1	0.467
E (m/s)	82.9 ± 32.9	103.3 ± 33.6	69.4 ± 24.7	<0.001
E/e'	14.0 ± 6.5	15.5 ± 4.2	12.8 ± 7.6	0.184
SPAP (mmHg)	33.0 ± 12.6	37.5 ±11.8	29.8 ± 12.4	0.048
TAPSE (mm)	14.7 ± 4.7	14.0 ± 4.2	15.2 ± 5.0	0.412
TAPSE/SPAP	0.59 ± 0.75	0.38 ± 0.16	0.75 ± 0.96	0.129
EROA (cm²)	0.22 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.08	0.047
RV (mL)	37.0 ± 15.2	42.1 ± 13.4	33.6 ± 13.6	0.068
Exercise
LVEDV (mL)	183.1 ± 72.5	147.5 ± 59.3	206.9 ± 71.6	0.006
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	111.4 ± 41.4	90.6 ± 34.4	125.3 ± 40.3	0.005
LVESV (mL)	116.9 ± 65.4	86.3 ± 48.6	137.3 ± 68.1	0.009
LVESVi (mL/m²)	71.2 ± 38.2	53.0 ± 29.1	83.4 ± 39.1	0.007
LVEF (%)	39.1 ± 13.4	44.4 ± 14.0	35.6 ± 11.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	51.6 ± 20.9	48.7 ± 17.6	53.7 ± 23.0	0.443
Cardiac output (L/min)	5.7 ± 2.9	6.1± 2.8	5.4 ± 2.1	0.426
E (m/s)	126.3 ± 29.5	130.4 ± 35.6	123.5 ± 24.8	0.445
E/e'	20.2 ± 9.1	23.2 ± 9.6	18.2 ± 8.2	0.065
SPAP (mmHg)	55.6 ± 14.8	61.1 ± 11.4	52.1 ± 15.8	0.049
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%)	20 (43)	12 (63)	8 (30)	0.024
ΔSPAP/ΔCO	13.3 ± 5.4	14.3 ± 6.7	12.6 ± 4.9	0.780
TAPSE (mm)	19.1 ± 5.3	17.6 ± 5.5	20.2 ± 5.0	0.120
TAPSE/SPAP	0.37 ± 0.19	0.29 ± 0.1	0.43 ± 0.22	0.018
EROA (cm²)	0.40 ± 0.11	0.44 ± 0.13	0.38 ± 0.10	0.081
RV (mL)	52.2 ± 15.1	56.5 ± 16.3	49.4 ± 13.8	0.125
Changes in EROA (cm²)	0.18 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.10	0.18 ± 0.04	0.940

Table 2

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Echocardiographic data at rest and during exercise

	All (N = 46)	TMVr (N = 19)	Control (N = 27)	P value
Rest
LVEDD (mm)	63.2 ± 9.3	57.7±9.6	65.3±7.8	0.006
LVESD (mm)	52.4 ± 11.4	47.0 ± 11.8	55.9 ± 9.8	0.009
LVEDV (mL)	177.8 ± 82.0	148.7± 73.2	197.2 ± 83.2	0.046
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	107.9 ± 46.9	90.9 ± 42.6	119.3 ± 47.0	0.046
LVESV (mL)	123.4 ± 76.2	95.9 ± 65.1	141.7 ± 78.6	0.047
LVESVi (mL/m²)	74.9 ± 43.7	58.6 ± 38.7	85.7 ± 44.1	0.040
LVEF (%)	35.1 ± 12.0	39.8 ± 13.5	32.0 ± 9.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	45.9 ± 15.7	43.3 ± 14.5	47.7 ± 16.5	0.366
Cardiac output (L/min)	3.2 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.1	0.491
LAVi (mL/m²)	89.7 ± 67.7	80.6 ± 37.2	95.7 ± 82.1	0.467
E (m/s)	82.9 ± 32.9	103.3 ± 33.6	69.4 ± 24.7	<0.001
E/e'	14.0 ± 6.5	15.5 ± 4.2	12.8 ± 7.6	0.184
SPAP (mmHg)	33.0 ± 12.6	37.5 ±11.8	29.8 ± 12.4	0.048
TAPSE (mm)	14.7 ± 4.7	14.0 ± 4.2	15.2 ± 5.0	0.412
TAPSE/SPAP	0.59 ± 0.75	0.38 ± 0.16	0.75 ± 0.96	0.129
EROA (cm²)	0.22 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.08	0.047
RV (mL)	37.0 ± 15.2	42.1 ± 13.4	33.6 ± 13.6	0.068
Exercise
LVEDV (mL)	183.1 ± 72.5	147.5 ± 59.3	206.9 ± 71.6	0.006
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	111.4 ± 41.4	90.6 ± 34.4	125.3 ± 40.3	0.005
LVESV (mL)	116.9 ± 65.4	86.3 ± 48.6	137.3 ± 68.1	0.009
LVESVi (mL/m²)	71.2 ± 38.2	53.0 ± 29.1	83.4 ± 39.1	0.007
LVEF (%)	39.1 ± 13.4	44.4 ± 14.0	35.6 ± 11.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	51.6 ± 20.9	48.7 ± 17.6	53.7 ± 23.0	0.443
Cardiac output (L/min)	5.7 ± 2.9	6.1± 2.8	5.4 ± 2.1	0.426
E (m/s)	126.3 ± 29.5	130.4 ± 35.6	123.5 ± 24.8	0.445
E/e'	20.2 ± 9.1	23.2 ± 9.6	18.2 ± 8.2	0.065
SPAP (mmHg)	55.6 ± 14.8	61.1 ± 11.4	52.1 ± 15.8	0.049
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%)	20 (43)	12 (63)	8 (30)	0.024
ΔSPAP/ΔCO	13.3 ± 5.4	14.3 ± 6.7	12.6 ± 4.9	0.780
TAPSE (mm)	19.1 ± 5.3	17.6 ± 5.5	20.2 ± 5.0	0.120
TAPSE/SPAP	0.37 ± 0.19	0.29 ± 0.1	0.43 ± 0.22	0.018
EROA (cm²)	0.40 ± 0.11	0.44 ± 0.13	0.38 ± 0.10	0.081
RV (mL)	52.2 ± 15.1	56.5 ± 16.3	49.4 ± 13.8	0.125
Changes in EROA (cm²)	0.18 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.10	0.18 ± 0.04	0.940

	All (N = 46)	TMVr (N = 19)	Control (N = 27)	P value
Rest
LVEDD (mm)	63.2 ± 9.3	57.7±9.6	65.3±7.8	0.006
LVESD (mm)	52.4 ± 11.4	47.0 ± 11.8	55.9 ± 9.8	0.009
LVEDV (mL)	177.8 ± 82.0	148.7± 73.2	197.2 ± 83.2	0.046
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	107.9 ± 46.9	90.9 ± 42.6	119.3 ± 47.0	0.046
LVESV (mL)	123.4 ± 76.2	95.9 ± 65.1	141.7 ± 78.6	0.047
LVESVi (mL/m²)	74.9 ± 43.7	58.6 ± 38.7	85.7 ± 44.1	0.040
LVEF (%)	35.1 ± 12.0	39.8 ± 13.5	32.0 ± 9.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	45.9 ± 15.7	43.3 ± 14.5	47.7 ± 16.5	0.366
Cardiac output (L/min)	3.2 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.1	0.491
LAVi (mL/m²)	89.7 ± 67.7	80.6 ± 37.2	95.7 ± 82.1	0.467
E (m/s)	82.9 ± 32.9	103.3 ± 33.6	69.4 ± 24.7	<0.001
E/e'	14.0 ± 6.5	15.5 ± 4.2	12.8 ± 7.6	0.184
SPAP (mmHg)	33.0 ± 12.6	37.5 ±11.8	29.8 ± 12.4	0.048
TAPSE (mm)	14.7 ± 4.7	14.0 ± 4.2	15.2 ± 5.0	0.412
TAPSE/SPAP	0.59 ± 0.75	0.38 ± 0.16	0.75 ± 0.96	0.129
EROA (cm²)	0.22 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.08	0.047
RV (mL)	37.0 ± 15.2	42.1 ± 13.4	33.6 ± 13.6	0.068
Exercise
LVEDV (mL)	183.1 ± 72.5	147.5 ± 59.3	206.9 ± 71.6	0.006
LVEDVi (mL/m²)	111.4 ± 41.4	90.6 ± 34.4	125.3 ± 40.3	0.005
LVESV (mL)	116.9 ± 65.4	86.3 ± 48.6	137.3 ± 68.1	0.009
LVESVi (mL/m²)	71.2 ± 38.2	53.0 ± 29.1	83.4 ± 39.1	0.007
LVEF (%)	39.1 ± 13.4	44.4 ± 14.0	35.6 ± 11.9	0.029
Stroke volume (mL)	51.6 ± 20.9	48.7 ± 17.6	53.7 ± 23.0	0.443
Cardiac output (L/min)	5.7 ± 2.9	6.1± 2.8	5.4 ± 2.1	0.426
E (m/s)	126.3 ± 29.5	130.4 ± 35.6	123.5 ± 24.8	0.445
E/e'	20.2 ± 9.1	23.2 ± 9.6	18.2 ± 8.2	0.065
SPAP (mmHg)	55.6 ± 14.8	61.1 ± 11.4	52.1 ± 15.8	0.049
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%)	20 (43)	12 (63)	8 (30)	0.024
ΔSPAP/ΔCO	13.3 ± 5.4	14.3 ± 6.7	12.6 ± 4.9	0.780
TAPSE (mm)	19.1 ± 5.3	17.6 ± 5.5	20.2 ± 5.0	0.120
TAPSE/SPAP	0.37 ± 0.19	0.29 ± 0.1	0.43 ± 0.22	0.018
EROA (cm²)	0.40 ± 0.11	0.44 ± 0.13	0.38 ± 0.10	0.081
RV (mL)	52.2 ± 15.1	56.5 ± 16.3	49.4 ± 13.8	0.125
Changes in EROA (cm²)	0.18 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.10	0.18 ± 0.04	0.940

Values are expressed as mean ± SD, n (%).

EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume index; RV, regurgitant volume; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TMVr, transcatheter mitral valve repair.

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