Table 2.

Average Incidence Rates per 100 000 Person-Years and Relative Rates of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Serotype Invasive Pneumococcal Disease by Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Factors—Data From 20 Counties in Tennessee, 1998–2016

CharacteristicPre-PCV7 (1998–1999) (n = 601)Pre-PCV13 (2001–2009) (n = 2032)Post-PCV13 (2011–2016) (n = 561)
Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)
Below poverty level, %
 <56.4 (4.9–7.9)3.9 (2.9–5.3)4.6 (4.1–5.1)2.5 (2.1–2.9)1.4 (1–1.8)2.3 (1.7–3.1)
 5–9.99 (7.3–10.7)1.4 (1.1–1.8)2.6 (.3–4.9)6.6 (6–7.2)1.4 (1.3–1.6)2 (1.2–2.8)2.1 (1.7–2.5)1.5 (1.2–1.9)0.7 (.2–1.2)
 10–19.913.7 (11.6–15.8)2.1 (1.8–2.6)7.3 (4.7–9.9)7.7 (7–8.4)1.7 (1.5–1.9)3.1 (2.3–3.9)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.7 (1.4–2.1)1 (.5–1.5)
 ≥20.017.8 (15.7–19.9)2.8 (2.4–3.2)11.4 (8.8–14)9.7 (9–10.4)2.1 (1.9–2.3)5.1 (4.2–6)3.1 (2.7–3.5)2.2 (1.8–2.7)1.7 (1.1–2.3)
Female-headed household, %
 <19.98.2 (6.9–9.5)3.2 (2.4–4.3)5.7 (5.3–6.1)2.3 (1.9–2.7)2 (1.7–2.3)1.7 (1.3–2.4)
 20–39.911.7 (9.9–13.5)1.4 (1.2–1.7)3.5 (1.3–5.7)7.3 (6.7–7.9)1.3 (1.2–1.4)1.6 (.9–2.3)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.2 (1–1.4)0.4 (0–.8)
 ≥40.017.2 (15.1–19.3)2.1 (1.8–2.4)9 (6.6–11.4)9.7 (9–10.4)1.7 (1.6–1.9)4 (3.2–4.8)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.4 (1.2–1.7)0.9 (.4–1.4)
Employed, %
 <49.914.6 (13.1–16.1)2.4 (1.7–3.3)8.2 (7.7–8.7)1.7 (1.4–2)2.6 (2.3–2.9)1.7 (1.2–2.4)
 ≥50.09.5 (8.2–10.8)0.7 (.5–.8)–5.1 (–7 to –3.2)6.3 (5.9–6.7)0.8 (.7–.8)–1.9 (–2.5 to –1.3)2 (1.7–2.3)0.8 (.6–.9)–0.6 (–1 to –.2)
Single parent–headed household, %
 <19.96.9 (5.5–8.3)3.9 (2.8–5.3)5.1 (4.6–5.6)2.5 (2.1–3)1.6 (1.3–1.9)2.2 (1.6–3)
 20–39.910.5 (8.9–12.1)1.5 (1.2–1.9)3.6 (1.5–5.7)6.8 (6.3–7.3)1.3 (1.2–1.5)1.7 (1–2.4)2.5 (2.2–2.8)1.6 (1.3–1.9)0.9 (.5–1.3)
 ≥40.016.8 (15–18.6)2.4 (2.1–2.8)9.9 (7.6–12.2)9.5 (8.9–10.1)1.9 (1.7–2)4.4 (3.6–5.2)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.8 (1.5–2.1)1.3 (.8–1.8)
Black or African American alonea, %
 <19.99.5 (8.3–10.7)2.9 (2.1–3.9)6.1 (5.7–6.5)2.4 (2–2.8)2.4 (2.2–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.3)
 20–39.911.3 (9–13.6)1.2 (.9–1.5)1.8 (–.8 to 4.4)7.3 (6.5–8.1)1.2 (1.1–1.4)1.2 (.3–2.1)2.1 (1.6–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.2)–0.3 (–.9 to .3)
 40–59.915.4 (11.3–19.5)1.6 (1.2–2.1)5.9 (1.6–10.2)8.8 (7.4–10.2)1.4 (1.2–1.7)2.7 (1.2–4.2)2.3 (1.6–3)1 (.7–1.3)–0.1 (–.9 to .7)
 ≥60.018.6 (16–21.2)2 (1.7–2.3)9.1 (6.3–11.9)10.7 (9.8–11.6)1.8 (1.6–1.9)4.6 (3.6–5.6)2.4 (1.9–2.9)1 (.8–1.3)0 (–.6 to .6)
CharacteristicPre-PCV7 (1998–1999) (n = 601)Pre-PCV13 (2001–2009) (n = 2032)Post-PCV13 (2011–2016) (n = 561)
Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)
Below poverty level, %
 <56.4 (4.9–7.9)3.9 (2.9–5.3)4.6 (4.1–5.1)2.5 (2.1–2.9)1.4 (1–1.8)2.3 (1.7–3.1)
 5–9.99 (7.3–10.7)1.4 (1.1–1.8)2.6 (.3–4.9)6.6 (6–7.2)1.4 (1.3–1.6)2 (1.2–2.8)2.1 (1.7–2.5)1.5 (1.2–1.9)0.7 (.2–1.2)
 10–19.913.7 (11.6–15.8)2.1 (1.8–2.6)7.3 (4.7–9.9)7.7 (7–8.4)1.7 (1.5–1.9)3.1 (2.3–3.9)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.7 (1.4–2.1)1 (.5–1.5)
 ≥20.017.8 (15.7–19.9)2.8 (2.4–3.2)11.4 (8.8–14)9.7 (9–10.4)2.1 (1.9–2.3)5.1 (4.2–6)3.1 (2.7–3.5)2.2 (1.8–2.7)1.7 (1.1–2.3)
Female-headed household, %
 <19.98.2 (6.9–9.5)3.2 (2.4–4.3)5.7 (5.3–6.1)2.3 (1.9–2.7)2 (1.7–2.3)1.7 (1.3–2.4)
 20–39.911.7 (9.9–13.5)1.4 (1.2–1.7)3.5 (1.3–5.7)7.3 (6.7–7.9)1.3 (1.2–1.4)1.6 (.9–2.3)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.2 (1–1.4)0.4 (0–.8)
 ≥40.017.2 (15.1–19.3)2.1 (1.8–2.4)9 (6.6–11.4)9.7 (9–10.4)1.7 (1.6–1.9)4 (3.2–4.8)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.4 (1.2–1.7)0.9 (.4–1.4)
Employed, %
 <49.914.6 (13.1–16.1)2.4 (1.7–3.3)8.2 (7.7–8.7)1.7 (1.4–2)2.6 (2.3–2.9)1.7 (1.2–2.4)
 ≥50.09.5 (8.2–10.8)0.7 (.5–.8)–5.1 (–7 to –3.2)6.3 (5.9–6.7)0.8 (.7–.8)–1.9 (–2.5 to –1.3)2 (1.7–2.3)0.8 (.6–.9)–0.6 (–1 to –.2)
Single parent–headed household, %
 <19.96.9 (5.5–8.3)3.9 (2.8–5.3)5.1 (4.6–5.6)2.5 (2.1–3)1.6 (1.3–1.9)2.2 (1.6–3)
 20–39.910.5 (8.9–12.1)1.5 (1.2–1.9)3.6 (1.5–5.7)6.8 (6.3–7.3)1.3 (1.2–1.5)1.7 (1–2.4)2.5 (2.2–2.8)1.6 (1.3–1.9)0.9 (.5–1.3)
 ≥40.016.8 (15–18.6)2.4 (2.1–2.8)9.9 (7.6–12.2)9.5 (8.9–10.1)1.9 (1.7–2)4.4 (3.6–5.2)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.8 (1.5–2.1)1.3 (.8–1.8)
Black or African American alonea, %
 <19.99.5 (8.3–10.7)2.9 (2.1–3.9)6.1 (5.7–6.5)2.4 (2–2.8)2.4 (2.2–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.3)
 20–39.911.3 (9–13.6)1.2 (.9–1.5)1.8 (–.8 to 4.4)7.3 (6.5–8.1)1.2 (1.1–1.4)1.2 (.3–2.1)2.1 (1.6–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.2)–0.3 (–.9 to .3)
 40–59.915.4 (11.3–19.5)1.6 (1.2–2.1)5.9 (1.6–10.2)8.8 (7.4–10.2)1.4 (1.2–1.7)2.7 (1.2–4.2)2.3 (1.6–3)1 (.7–1.3)–0.1 (–.9 to .7)
 ≥60.018.6 (16–21.2)2 (1.7–2.3)9.1 (6.3–11.9)10.7 (9.8–11.6)1.8 (1.6–1.9)4.6 (3.6–5.6)2.4 (1.9–2.9)1 (.8–1.3)0 (–.6 to .6)

An RII >1 with CIs that do not include 1 would indicate a statistically significant increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease for the most impoverished group.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; RII, relative index of inequality.

aPercentage Black or African American alone indicates the percentage of the population that reported only black/African American as their race.

Table 2.

Average Incidence Rates per 100 000 Person-Years and Relative Rates of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Serotype Invasive Pneumococcal Disease by Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Factors—Data From 20 Counties in Tennessee, 1998–2016

CharacteristicPre-PCV7 (1998–1999) (n = 601)Pre-PCV13 (2001–2009) (n = 2032)Post-PCV13 (2011–2016) (n = 561)
Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)
Below poverty level, %
 <56.4 (4.9–7.9)3.9 (2.9–5.3)4.6 (4.1–5.1)2.5 (2.1–2.9)1.4 (1–1.8)2.3 (1.7–3.1)
 5–9.99 (7.3–10.7)1.4 (1.1–1.8)2.6 (.3–4.9)6.6 (6–7.2)1.4 (1.3–1.6)2 (1.2–2.8)2.1 (1.7–2.5)1.5 (1.2–1.9)0.7 (.2–1.2)
 10–19.913.7 (11.6–15.8)2.1 (1.8–2.6)7.3 (4.7–9.9)7.7 (7–8.4)1.7 (1.5–1.9)3.1 (2.3–3.9)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.7 (1.4–2.1)1 (.5–1.5)
 ≥20.017.8 (15.7–19.9)2.8 (2.4–3.2)11.4 (8.8–14)9.7 (9–10.4)2.1 (1.9–2.3)5.1 (4.2–6)3.1 (2.7–3.5)2.2 (1.8–2.7)1.7 (1.1–2.3)
Female-headed household, %
 <19.98.2 (6.9–9.5)3.2 (2.4–4.3)5.7 (5.3–6.1)2.3 (1.9–2.7)2 (1.7–2.3)1.7 (1.3–2.4)
 20–39.911.7 (9.9–13.5)1.4 (1.2–1.7)3.5 (1.3–5.7)7.3 (6.7–7.9)1.3 (1.2–1.4)1.6 (.9–2.3)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.2 (1–1.4)0.4 (0–.8)
 ≥40.017.2 (15.1–19.3)2.1 (1.8–2.4)9 (6.6–11.4)9.7 (9–10.4)1.7 (1.6–1.9)4 (3.2–4.8)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.4 (1.2–1.7)0.9 (.4–1.4)
Employed, %
 <49.914.6 (13.1–16.1)2.4 (1.7–3.3)8.2 (7.7–8.7)1.7 (1.4–2)2.6 (2.3–2.9)1.7 (1.2–2.4)
 ≥50.09.5 (8.2–10.8)0.7 (.5–.8)–5.1 (–7 to –3.2)6.3 (5.9–6.7)0.8 (.7–.8)–1.9 (–2.5 to –1.3)2 (1.7–2.3)0.8 (.6–.9)–0.6 (–1 to –.2)
Single parent–headed household, %
 <19.96.9 (5.5–8.3)3.9 (2.8–5.3)5.1 (4.6–5.6)2.5 (2.1–3)1.6 (1.3–1.9)2.2 (1.6–3)
 20–39.910.5 (8.9–12.1)1.5 (1.2–1.9)3.6 (1.5–5.7)6.8 (6.3–7.3)1.3 (1.2–1.5)1.7 (1–2.4)2.5 (2.2–2.8)1.6 (1.3–1.9)0.9 (.5–1.3)
 ≥40.016.8 (15–18.6)2.4 (2.1–2.8)9.9 (7.6–12.2)9.5 (8.9–10.1)1.9 (1.7–2)4.4 (3.6–5.2)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.8 (1.5–2.1)1.3 (.8–1.8)
Black or African American alonea, %
 <19.99.5 (8.3–10.7)2.9 (2.1–3.9)6.1 (5.7–6.5)2.4 (2–2.8)2.4 (2.2–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.3)
 20–39.911.3 (9–13.6)1.2 (.9–1.5)1.8 (–.8 to 4.4)7.3 (6.5–8.1)1.2 (1.1–1.4)1.2 (.3–2.1)2.1 (1.6–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.2)–0.3 (–.9 to .3)
 40–59.915.4 (11.3–19.5)1.6 (1.2–2.1)5.9 (1.6–10.2)8.8 (7.4–10.2)1.4 (1.2–1.7)2.7 (1.2–4.2)2.3 (1.6–3)1 (.7–1.3)–0.1 (–.9 to .7)
 ≥60.018.6 (16–21.2)2 (1.7–2.3)9.1 (6.3–11.9)10.7 (9.8–11.6)1.8 (1.6–1.9)4.6 (3.6–5.6)2.4 (1.9–2.9)1 (.8–1.3)0 (–.6 to .6)
CharacteristicPre-PCV7 (1998–1999) (n = 601)Pre-PCV13 (2001–2009) (n = 2032)Post-PCV13 (2011–2016) (n = 561)
Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)Incidence (95% CI)Rate Ratio (95% CI)Rate Difference (95% CI)RII (95% CI)
Below poverty level, %
 <56.4 (4.9–7.9)3.9 (2.9–5.3)4.6 (4.1–5.1)2.5 (2.1–2.9)1.4 (1–1.8)2.3 (1.7–3.1)
 5–9.99 (7.3–10.7)1.4 (1.1–1.8)2.6 (.3–4.9)6.6 (6–7.2)1.4 (1.3–1.6)2 (1.2–2.8)2.1 (1.7–2.5)1.5 (1.2–1.9)0.7 (.2–1.2)
 10–19.913.7 (11.6–15.8)2.1 (1.8–2.6)7.3 (4.7–9.9)7.7 (7–8.4)1.7 (1.5–1.9)3.1 (2.3–3.9)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.7 (1.4–2.1)1 (.5–1.5)
 ≥20.017.8 (15.7–19.9)2.8 (2.4–3.2)11.4 (8.8–14)9.7 (9–10.4)2.1 (1.9–2.3)5.1 (4.2–6)3.1 (2.7–3.5)2.2 (1.8–2.7)1.7 (1.1–2.3)
Female-headed household, %
 <19.98.2 (6.9–9.5)3.2 (2.4–4.3)5.7 (5.3–6.1)2.3 (1.9–2.7)2 (1.7–2.3)1.7 (1.3–2.4)
 20–39.911.7 (9.9–13.5)1.4 (1.2–1.7)3.5 (1.3–5.7)7.3 (6.7–7.9)1.3 (1.2–1.4)1.6 (.9–2.3)2.4 (2.1–2.7)1.2 (1–1.4)0.4 (0–.8)
 ≥40.017.2 (15.1–19.3)2.1 (1.8–2.4)9 (6.6–11.4)9.7 (9–10.4)1.7 (1.6–1.9)4 (3.2–4.8)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.4 (1.2–1.7)0.9 (.4–1.4)
Employed, %
 <49.914.6 (13.1–16.1)2.4 (1.7–3.3)8.2 (7.7–8.7)1.7 (1.4–2)2.6 (2.3–2.9)1.7 (1.2–2.4)
 ≥50.09.5 (8.2–10.8)0.7 (.5–.8)–5.1 (–7 to –3.2)6.3 (5.9–6.7)0.8 (.7–.8)–1.9 (–2.5 to –1.3)2 (1.7–2.3)0.8 (.6–.9)–0.6 (–1 to –.2)
Single parent–headed household, %
 <19.96.9 (5.5–8.3)3.9 (2.8–5.3)5.1 (4.6–5.6)2.5 (2.1–3)1.6 (1.3–1.9)2.2 (1.6–3)
 20–39.910.5 (8.9–12.1)1.5 (1.2–1.9)3.6 (1.5–5.7)6.8 (6.3–7.3)1.3 (1.2–1.5)1.7 (1–2.4)2.5 (2.2–2.8)1.6 (1.3–1.9)0.9 (.5–1.3)
 ≥40.016.8 (15–18.6)2.4 (2.1–2.8)9.9 (7.6–12.2)9.5 (8.9–10.1)1.9 (1.7–2)4.4 (3.6–5.2)2.9 (2.5–3.3)1.8 (1.5–2.1)1.3 (.8–1.8)
Black or African American alonea, %
 <19.99.5 (8.3–10.7)2.9 (2.1–3.9)6.1 (5.7–6.5)2.4 (2–2.8)2.4 (2.2–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.3)
 20–39.911.3 (9–13.6)1.2 (.9–1.5)1.8 (–.8 to 4.4)7.3 (6.5–8.1)1.2 (1.1–1.4)1.2 (.3–2.1)2.1 (1.6–2.6)0.9 (.7–1.2)–0.3 (–.9 to .3)
 40–59.915.4 (11.3–19.5)1.6 (1.2–2.1)5.9 (1.6–10.2)8.8 (7.4–10.2)1.4 (1.2–1.7)2.7 (1.2–4.2)2.3 (1.6–3)1 (.7–1.3)–0.1 (–.9 to .7)
 ≥60.018.6 (16–21.2)2 (1.7–2.3)9.1 (6.3–11.9)10.7 (9.8–11.6)1.8 (1.6–1.9)4.6 (3.6–5.6)2.4 (1.9–2.9)1 (.8–1.3)0 (–.6 to .6)

An RII >1 with CIs that do not include 1 would indicate a statistically significant increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease for the most impoverished group.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; RII, relative index of inequality.

aPercentage Black or African American alone indicates the percentage of the population that reported only black/African American as their race.

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