Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized in Quebec With Respiratory Infections and Influenza and Human Coronavirus Monoinfections and Coinfections During the Peaks of Influenza Seasons (2011–2012 to 2018–2019)
| . | Patients, No. (%)a . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Influenza . | HCoV . | . | ||||
| Characteristic . | Any Respiratory Infection (n = 5104) . | Total (n = 1831) . | Monoinfection (n = 1585) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 246) . | Total (n = 340) . | Monoinfection (n = 189) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 151) . | HCoV + Influenza (n = 39) . |
| Children | 1171 (22.9) | 268 (14.6) | 177 (11.2) | 91 (37.0) | 136 (40.0) | 34 (18.0) | 102 (67.5) | 16 (41.0) |
| Female sex | 546 (46.6) | 124 (46.3) | 86 (69.4) | 38 (30.7) | 54 (39.7) | 13 (38.2) | 41 (40.2) | 5 (31.3) |
| Agec | ||||||||
| 0–5 mo | 408 (34.8) | 50 (18.7) | 34 (19.2) | 16 (17.6) | 52 (38.2) | 18 (52.9) | 34 (33.3) | 2 (12.5) |
| 6–23 mo | 434 (37.1) | 96 (35.8) | 51 (28.8) | 45 (49.5) | 63 (46.3) | 10 (29.4) | 53 (52.0) | 7 (43.8) |
| 2–4 y | 208 (17.8) | 69 (25.8) | 48 (27.1) | 21 (23.1) | 12 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | 9 (8.8) | 3 (18.8) |
| 5–17 y | 121 (10.3) | 53 (19.8) | 44 (24.9) | 9 (9.9) | 9 (6.6) | 3 (8.8) | 6 (5.9) | 4 (25.0) |
| Comorbid condition | 173 (14.8) | 54 (20.2) | 34 (19.2) | 20 (22.0) | 23 (16.9) | 3 (8.8) | 20 (19.6) | 6 (37.5) |
| Influenza vaccined | 133 (11.8) | 29 (11.3) | 14 (8.2) | 15 (17.4) | 13 (10.0) | 3 (9.1) | 10 (10.3) | 2 (13.3) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2.5 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Pneumoniae | 356 (30.4) | 67 (25.0) | 39 (22.0) | 28 (30.8) | 36 (26.5) | 4 (11.8) | 32 (31.4) | 3 (18.8) |
| ICU admission | 23 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Adults | 3933 (77.1) | 1563 (85.4) | 1408 (88.8) | 155 (63.0) | 204 (60.0) | 155 (82.0) | 49 (32.5) | 23 (59.0) |
| Female sex | 2179 (55.4) | 874 (55.9) | 783 (55.6) | 91 (58.7) | 108 (52.9) | 80 (51.6) | 28 (57.1) | 11 (47.8) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18–64 | 1073 (27.3) | 436 (27.9) | 403 (28.6) | 33 (21.3) | 63 (30.9) | 47 (30.3) | 16 (32.7) | 6 (26.1) |
| 65–74 | 842 (21.4) | 320 (20.5) | 288 (20.5) | 32 (20.7) | 41 (20.1) | 31 (20.0) | 10 (20.4) | 6 (26.1) |
| 75–84 | 1128 (28.7) | 448 (28.7) | 400 (28.4) | 48 (31.0) | 60 (29.4) | 45 (29.0) | 15 (30.6) | 7 (30.4) |
| ≥85 | 890 (22.6) | 359 (23.0) | 317 (22.5) | 42 (27.1) | 40 (19.6) | 32 (20.7) | 8 (16.3) | 4 (17.4) |
| Comorbid condition | 3368 (85.6) | 1310 (83.8) | 1183 (84.0) | 127 (81.9) | 181 (88.7) | 137 (88.4) | 44 (89.8) | 20 (87.0) |
| Chronic respiratory diseasef | 2015 (51.2) | 721 (46.1) | 660 (46.9) | 61 (39.4) | 120 (58.8) | 94 (60.7) | 26 (53.1) | 10 (43.5) |
| Chronic cardiovascular diseasef | 1824 (46.4) | 709 (45.4) | 632 (44.9) | 77 (49.7) | 112 (54.9) | 91 (58.7) | 21 (42.9) | 11 (47.8) |
| Diabetesf | 1151 (29.3) | 465 (8, 29) | 420 (29.8) | 45 (29.0) | 60 (29.4) | 43 (27.7) | 17 (34.7) | 8 (34.8) |
| Chronic renal diseasef | 761 (19.4) | 298 (19.1) | 271 (19.3) | 27 (17.4) | 44 (21.6) | 34 (21.9) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (17.4) |
| Other chronic diseasef | 221 (5.6) | 85 (5.4) | 79 (5.6) | 6 (3.9) | 13 (6.4) | 8 (5.2) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (8.7) |
| Influenza vaccined | 1597 (49.1) | 578 (43.5) | 510 (43.0) | 68 (48.2) | 91 (51.7) | 70 (52.2) | 21 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) |
| Admitted from LTCF | 388 (9.9) | 174 (11.1) | 157 (11.2) | 17 (11.0) | 21 (10.3) | 15 (9.7) | 6 (12.2) | 5 (21.7) |
| Pregnancy | 26 (0.7) | 22 (1.4) | 19 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (4.4) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10.5) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (5–16) |
| Pneumoniae | 1608 (40.9) | 548 (35.1) | 487 (34.6) | 61 (39.4) | 75 (36.8) | 58 (37.4) | 17 (34.7) | 9 (39.1) |
| ICU admission | 385 (9.8) | 134 (8.6) | 127 (9.0) | 7 (4.5) | 18 (8.8) | 16 (10.3) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 231 (5.9) | 63 (4.0) | 59 (4.2) | 4 (2.6) | 11 (5.4) | 9 (5.8) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| . | Patients, No. (%)a . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Influenza . | HCoV . | . | ||||
| Characteristic . | Any Respiratory Infection (n = 5104) . | Total (n = 1831) . | Monoinfection (n = 1585) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 246) . | Total (n = 340) . | Monoinfection (n = 189) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 151) . | HCoV + Influenza (n = 39) . |
| Children | 1171 (22.9) | 268 (14.6) | 177 (11.2) | 91 (37.0) | 136 (40.0) | 34 (18.0) | 102 (67.5) | 16 (41.0) |
| Female sex | 546 (46.6) | 124 (46.3) | 86 (69.4) | 38 (30.7) | 54 (39.7) | 13 (38.2) | 41 (40.2) | 5 (31.3) |
| Agec | ||||||||
| 0–5 mo | 408 (34.8) | 50 (18.7) | 34 (19.2) | 16 (17.6) | 52 (38.2) | 18 (52.9) | 34 (33.3) | 2 (12.5) |
| 6–23 mo | 434 (37.1) | 96 (35.8) | 51 (28.8) | 45 (49.5) | 63 (46.3) | 10 (29.4) | 53 (52.0) | 7 (43.8) |
| 2–4 y | 208 (17.8) | 69 (25.8) | 48 (27.1) | 21 (23.1) | 12 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | 9 (8.8) | 3 (18.8) |
| 5–17 y | 121 (10.3) | 53 (19.8) | 44 (24.9) | 9 (9.9) | 9 (6.6) | 3 (8.8) | 6 (5.9) | 4 (25.0) |
| Comorbid condition | 173 (14.8) | 54 (20.2) | 34 (19.2) | 20 (22.0) | 23 (16.9) | 3 (8.8) | 20 (19.6) | 6 (37.5) |
| Influenza vaccined | 133 (11.8) | 29 (11.3) | 14 (8.2) | 15 (17.4) | 13 (10.0) | 3 (9.1) | 10 (10.3) | 2 (13.3) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2.5 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Pneumoniae | 356 (30.4) | 67 (25.0) | 39 (22.0) | 28 (30.8) | 36 (26.5) | 4 (11.8) | 32 (31.4) | 3 (18.8) |
| ICU admission | 23 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Adults | 3933 (77.1) | 1563 (85.4) | 1408 (88.8) | 155 (63.0) | 204 (60.0) | 155 (82.0) | 49 (32.5) | 23 (59.0) |
| Female sex | 2179 (55.4) | 874 (55.9) | 783 (55.6) | 91 (58.7) | 108 (52.9) | 80 (51.6) | 28 (57.1) | 11 (47.8) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18–64 | 1073 (27.3) | 436 (27.9) | 403 (28.6) | 33 (21.3) | 63 (30.9) | 47 (30.3) | 16 (32.7) | 6 (26.1) |
| 65–74 | 842 (21.4) | 320 (20.5) | 288 (20.5) | 32 (20.7) | 41 (20.1) | 31 (20.0) | 10 (20.4) | 6 (26.1) |
| 75–84 | 1128 (28.7) | 448 (28.7) | 400 (28.4) | 48 (31.0) | 60 (29.4) | 45 (29.0) | 15 (30.6) | 7 (30.4) |
| ≥85 | 890 (22.6) | 359 (23.0) | 317 (22.5) | 42 (27.1) | 40 (19.6) | 32 (20.7) | 8 (16.3) | 4 (17.4) |
| Comorbid condition | 3368 (85.6) | 1310 (83.8) | 1183 (84.0) | 127 (81.9) | 181 (88.7) | 137 (88.4) | 44 (89.8) | 20 (87.0) |
| Chronic respiratory diseasef | 2015 (51.2) | 721 (46.1) | 660 (46.9) | 61 (39.4) | 120 (58.8) | 94 (60.7) | 26 (53.1) | 10 (43.5) |
| Chronic cardiovascular diseasef | 1824 (46.4) | 709 (45.4) | 632 (44.9) | 77 (49.7) | 112 (54.9) | 91 (58.7) | 21 (42.9) | 11 (47.8) |
| Diabetesf | 1151 (29.3) | 465 (8, 29) | 420 (29.8) | 45 (29.0) | 60 (29.4) | 43 (27.7) | 17 (34.7) | 8 (34.8) |
| Chronic renal diseasef | 761 (19.4) | 298 (19.1) | 271 (19.3) | 27 (17.4) | 44 (21.6) | 34 (21.9) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (17.4) |
| Other chronic diseasef | 221 (5.6) | 85 (5.4) | 79 (5.6) | 6 (3.9) | 13 (6.4) | 8 (5.2) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (8.7) |
| Influenza vaccined | 1597 (49.1) | 578 (43.5) | 510 (43.0) | 68 (48.2) | 91 (51.7) | 70 (52.2) | 21 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) |
| Admitted from LTCF | 388 (9.9) | 174 (11.1) | 157 (11.2) | 17 (11.0) | 21 (10.3) | 15 (9.7) | 6 (12.2) | 5 (21.7) |
| Pregnancy | 26 (0.7) | 22 (1.4) | 19 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (4.4) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10.5) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (5–16) |
| Pneumoniae | 1608 (40.9) | 548 (35.1) | 487 (34.6) | 61 (39.4) | 75 (36.8) | 58 (37.4) | 17 (34.7) | 9 (39.1) |
| ICU admission | 385 (9.8) | 134 (8.6) | 127 (9.0) | 7 (4.5) | 18 (8.8) | 16 (10.3) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 231 (5.9) | 63 (4.0) | 59 (4.2) | 4 (2.6) | 11 (5.4) | 9 (5.8) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Abbreviations: HCoV, human coronavirus; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; LTCF, long-term care facility.
aData represent no. (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.
bIncluding influenza and HCoV coinfections.
cSignificant difference (P < .05) between HCoV and influenza monoinfections; Fisher exact test was used to compare proportions, and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare LOS between monoinfections and coinfections.
dInfluenza vaccination in those with known vaccination status and timing.
eRadiologically confirmed pneumonia among those who underwent pulmonary radiography.
fCategories are not mutually exclusive.
Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized in Quebec With Respiratory Infections and Influenza and Human Coronavirus Monoinfections and Coinfections During the Peaks of Influenza Seasons (2011–2012 to 2018–2019)
| . | Patients, No. (%)a . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Influenza . | HCoV . | . | ||||
| Characteristic . | Any Respiratory Infection (n = 5104) . | Total (n = 1831) . | Monoinfection (n = 1585) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 246) . | Total (n = 340) . | Monoinfection (n = 189) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 151) . | HCoV + Influenza (n = 39) . |
| Children | 1171 (22.9) | 268 (14.6) | 177 (11.2) | 91 (37.0) | 136 (40.0) | 34 (18.0) | 102 (67.5) | 16 (41.0) |
| Female sex | 546 (46.6) | 124 (46.3) | 86 (69.4) | 38 (30.7) | 54 (39.7) | 13 (38.2) | 41 (40.2) | 5 (31.3) |
| Agec | ||||||||
| 0–5 mo | 408 (34.8) | 50 (18.7) | 34 (19.2) | 16 (17.6) | 52 (38.2) | 18 (52.9) | 34 (33.3) | 2 (12.5) |
| 6–23 mo | 434 (37.1) | 96 (35.8) | 51 (28.8) | 45 (49.5) | 63 (46.3) | 10 (29.4) | 53 (52.0) | 7 (43.8) |
| 2–4 y | 208 (17.8) | 69 (25.8) | 48 (27.1) | 21 (23.1) | 12 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | 9 (8.8) | 3 (18.8) |
| 5–17 y | 121 (10.3) | 53 (19.8) | 44 (24.9) | 9 (9.9) | 9 (6.6) | 3 (8.8) | 6 (5.9) | 4 (25.0) |
| Comorbid condition | 173 (14.8) | 54 (20.2) | 34 (19.2) | 20 (22.0) | 23 (16.9) | 3 (8.8) | 20 (19.6) | 6 (37.5) |
| Influenza vaccined | 133 (11.8) | 29 (11.3) | 14 (8.2) | 15 (17.4) | 13 (10.0) | 3 (9.1) | 10 (10.3) | 2 (13.3) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2.5 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Pneumoniae | 356 (30.4) | 67 (25.0) | 39 (22.0) | 28 (30.8) | 36 (26.5) | 4 (11.8) | 32 (31.4) | 3 (18.8) |
| ICU admission | 23 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Adults | 3933 (77.1) | 1563 (85.4) | 1408 (88.8) | 155 (63.0) | 204 (60.0) | 155 (82.0) | 49 (32.5) | 23 (59.0) |
| Female sex | 2179 (55.4) | 874 (55.9) | 783 (55.6) | 91 (58.7) | 108 (52.9) | 80 (51.6) | 28 (57.1) | 11 (47.8) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18–64 | 1073 (27.3) | 436 (27.9) | 403 (28.6) | 33 (21.3) | 63 (30.9) | 47 (30.3) | 16 (32.7) | 6 (26.1) |
| 65–74 | 842 (21.4) | 320 (20.5) | 288 (20.5) | 32 (20.7) | 41 (20.1) | 31 (20.0) | 10 (20.4) | 6 (26.1) |
| 75–84 | 1128 (28.7) | 448 (28.7) | 400 (28.4) | 48 (31.0) | 60 (29.4) | 45 (29.0) | 15 (30.6) | 7 (30.4) |
| ≥85 | 890 (22.6) | 359 (23.0) | 317 (22.5) | 42 (27.1) | 40 (19.6) | 32 (20.7) | 8 (16.3) | 4 (17.4) |
| Comorbid condition | 3368 (85.6) | 1310 (83.8) | 1183 (84.0) | 127 (81.9) | 181 (88.7) | 137 (88.4) | 44 (89.8) | 20 (87.0) |
| Chronic respiratory diseasef | 2015 (51.2) | 721 (46.1) | 660 (46.9) | 61 (39.4) | 120 (58.8) | 94 (60.7) | 26 (53.1) | 10 (43.5) |
| Chronic cardiovascular diseasef | 1824 (46.4) | 709 (45.4) | 632 (44.9) | 77 (49.7) | 112 (54.9) | 91 (58.7) | 21 (42.9) | 11 (47.8) |
| Diabetesf | 1151 (29.3) | 465 (8, 29) | 420 (29.8) | 45 (29.0) | 60 (29.4) | 43 (27.7) | 17 (34.7) | 8 (34.8) |
| Chronic renal diseasef | 761 (19.4) | 298 (19.1) | 271 (19.3) | 27 (17.4) | 44 (21.6) | 34 (21.9) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (17.4) |
| Other chronic diseasef | 221 (5.6) | 85 (5.4) | 79 (5.6) | 6 (3.9) | 13 (6.4) | 8 (5.2) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (8.7) |
| Influenza vaccined | 1597 (49.1) | 578 (43.5) | 510 (43.0) | 68 (48.2) | 91 (51.7) | 70 (52.2) | 21 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) |
| Admitted from LTCF | 388 (9.9) | 174 (11.1) | 157 (11.2) | 17 (11.0) | 21 (10.3) | 15 (9.7) | 6 (12.2) | 5 (21.7) |
| Pregnancy | 26 (0.7) | 22 (1.4) | 19 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (4.4) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10.5) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (5–16) |
| Pneumoniae | 1608 (40.9) | 548 (35.1) | 487 (34.6) | 61 (39.4) | 75 (36.8) | 58 (37.4) | 17 (34.7) | 9 (39.1) |
| ICU admission | 385 (9.8) | 134 (8.6) | 127 (9.0) | 7 (4.5) | 18 (8.8) | 16 (10.3) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 231 (5.9) | 63 (4.0) | 59 (4.2) | 4 (2.6) | 11 (5.4) | 9 (5.8) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| . | Patients, No. (%)a . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Influenza . | HCoV . | . | ||||
| Characteristic . | Any Respiratory Infection (n = 5104) . | Total (n = 1831) . | Monoinfection (n = 1585) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 246) . | Total (n = 340) . | Monoinfection (n = 189) . | Coinfection With Any Virusb (n = 151) . | HCoV + Influenza (n = 39) . |
| Children | 1171 (22.9) | 268 (14.6) | 177 (11.2) | 91 (37.0) | 136 (40.0) | 34 (18.0) | 102 (67.5) | 16 (41.0) |
| Female sex | 546 (46.6) | 124 (46.3) | 86 (69.4) | 38 (30.7) | 54 (39.7) | 13 (38.2) | 41 (40.2) | 5 (31.3) |
| Agec | ||||||||
| 0–5 mo | 408 (34.8) | 50 (18.7) | 34 (19.2) | 16 (17.6) | 52 (38.2) | 18 (52.9) | 34 (33.3) | 2 (12.5) |
| 6–23 mo | 434 (37.1) | 96 (35.8) | 51 (28.8) | 45 (49.5) | 63 (46.3) | 10 (29.4) | 53 (52.0) | 7 (43.8) |
| 2–4 y | 208 (17.8) | 69 (25.8) | 48 (27.1) | 21 (23.1) | 12 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | 9 (8.8) | 3 (18.8) |
| 5–17 y | 121 (10.3) | 53 (19.8) | 44 (24.9) | 9 (9.9) | 9 (6.6) | 3 (8.8) | 6 (5.9) | 4 (25.0) |
| Comorbid condition | 173 (14.8) | 54 (20.2) | 34 (19.2) | 20 (22.0) | 23 (16.9) | 3 (8.8) | 20 (19.6) | 6 (37.5) |
| Influenza vaccined | 133 (11.8) | 29 (11.3) | 14 (8.2) | 15 (17.4) | 13 (10.0) | 3 (9.1) | 10 (10.3) | 2 (13.3) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2.5 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Pneumoniae | 356 (30.4) | 67 (25.0) | 39 (22.0) | 28 (30.8) | 36 (26.5) | 4 (11.8) | 32 (31.4) | 3 (18.8) |
| ICU admission | 23 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Adults | 3933 (77.1) | 1563 (85.4) | 1408 (88.8) | 155 (63.0) | 204 (60.0) | 155 (82.0) | 49 (32.5) | 23 (59.0) |
| Female sex | 2179 (55.4) | 874 (55.9) | 783 (55.6) | 91 (58.7) | 108 (52.9) | 80 (51.6) | 28 (57.1) | 11 (47.8) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18–64 | 1073 (27.3) | 436 (27.9) | 403 (28.6) | 33 (21.3) | 63 (30.9) | 47 (30.3) | 16 (32.7) | 6 (26.1) |
| 65–74 | 842 (21.4) | 320 (20.5) | 288 (20.5) | 32 (20.7) | 41 (20.1) | 31 (20.0) | 10 (20.4) | 6 (26.1) |
| 75–84 | 1128 (28.7) | 448 (28.7) | 400 (28.4) | 48 (31.0) | 60 (29.4) | 45 (29.0) | 15 (30.6) | 7 (30.4) |
| ≥85 | 890 (22.6) | 359 (23.0) | 317 (22.5) | 42 (27.1) | 40 (19.6) | 32 (20.7) | 8 (16.3) | 4 (17.4) |
| Comorbid condition | 3368 (85.6) | 1310 (83.8) | 1183 (84.0) | 127 (81.9) | 181 (88.7) | 137 (88.4) | 44 (89.8) | 20 (87.0) |
| Chronic respiratory diseasef | 2015 (51.2) | 721 (46.1) | 660 (46.9) | 61 (39.4) | 120 (58.8) | 94 (60.7) | 26 (53.1) | 10 (43.5) |
| Chronic cardiovascular diseasef | 1824 (46.4) | 709 (45.4) | 632 (44.9) | 77 (49.7) | 112 (54.9) | 91 (58.7) | 21 (42.9) | 11 (47.8) |
| Diabetesf | 1151 (29.3) | 465 (8, 29) | 420 (29.8) | 45 (29.0) | 60 (29.4) | 43 (27.7) | 17 (34.7) | 8 (34.8) |
| Chronic renal diseasef | 761 (19.4) | 298 (19.1) | 271 (19.3) | 27 (17.4) | 44 (21.6) | 34 (21.9) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (17.4) |
| Other chronic diseasef | 221 (5.6) | 85 (5.4) | 79 (5.6) | 6 (3.9) | 13 (6.4) | 8 (5.2) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (8.7) |
| Influenza vaccined | 1597 (49.1) | 578 (43.5) | 510 (43.0) | 68 (48.2) | 91 (51.7) | 70 (52.2) | 21 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) |
| Admitted from LTCF | 388 (9.9) | 174 (11.1) | 157 (11.2) | 17 (11.0) | 21 (10.3) | 15 (9.7) | 6 (12.2) | 5 (21.7) |
| Pregnancy | 26 (0.7) | 22 (1.4) | 19 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (4.4) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10.5) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (5–16) |
| Pneumoniae | 1608 (40.9) | 548 (35.1) | 487 (34.6) | 61 (39.4) | 75 (36.8) | 58 (37.4) | 17 (34.7) | 9 (39.1) |
| ICU admission | 385 (9.8) | 134 (8.6) | 127 (9.0) | 7 (4.5) | 18 (8.8) | 16 (10.3) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Death | 231 (5.9) | 63 (4.0) | 59 (4.2) | 4 (2.6) | 11 (5.4) | 9 (5.8) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Abbreviations: HCoV, human coronavirus; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; LTCF, long-term care facility.
aData represent no. (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.
bIncluding influenza and HCoV coinfections.
cSignificant difference (P < .05) between HCoV and influenza monoinfections; Fisher exact test was used to compare proportions, and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare LOS between monoinfections and coinfections.
dInfluenza vaccination in those with known vaccination status and timing.
eRadiologically confirmed pneumonia among those who underwent pulmonary radiography.
fCategories are not mutually exclusive.
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