Table 1.
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Recent Prevalence Estimates for Plasmodium ovale Among sub-Saharan African Countries Based on Previously Published Studies

CountryNumber of Ovale Cases/Study SamplePrevalence, %Symptomatic/ AsymptomaticMixed Infection or MonoclonalDetection MethodStudy TypeStudy YearaPopulationRef.
Central Africa
Democratic Republic of Congo153/17 7650.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2013–2014Adults, 15+ yThis study
Angola23/33160.2AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2010All ages[26]
Cameroon31/7424.2AsymptomaticMonoclonalImmunofluorescenceSurveyb1983All ages[27]
Central African Republic1/4370.2SymptomaticMonoclonalMicroscopy, PCRClinical2011Febrile patients, all ages[28]
Gabon4/2061.9SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical2005All ages[29]
Republic of Congo11/8511.3SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, passive case detection2005All ages[29]
East Africa
Tanzania21/5114.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2016All ages[30]
Zambia18/8732.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2012All ages[31]
Malawi138/28734.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2002All ages[32]
Southern Sudan1/3920.3SymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1975All ages[33]
Uganda36/21081.7AsymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, CS survey2009All ages[7]
Kenya35/7224.8SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, active case detection1998All ages[29]
West Africa
Ghana4/2701.5AsymptomaticMonoclonalPCRLongitudinalb2010Children 5–17 years[34]
Nigeria126/52112.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb2010Children < 5 years[35]
Liberia19/4344.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1957All ages[36]
Senegalc719/29 2802.5AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS survey, longitudinalb1990–2010All ages[37]
CountryNumber of Ovale Cases/Study SamplePrevalence, %Symptomatic/ AsymptomaticMixed Infection or MonoclonalDetection MethodStudy TypeStudy YearaPopulationRef.
Central Africa
Democratic Republic of Congo153/17 7650.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2013–2014Adults, 15+ yThis study
Angola23/33160.2AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2010All ages[26]
Cameroon31/7424.2AsymptomaticMonoclonalImmunofluorescenceSurveyb1983All ages[27]
Central African Republic1/4370.2SymptomaticMonoclonalMicroscopy, PCRClinical2011Febrile patients, all ages[28]
Gabon4/2061.9SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical2005All ages[29]
Republic of Congo11/8511.3SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, passive case detection2005All ages[29]
East Africa
Tanzania21/5114.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2016All ages[30]
Zambia18/8732.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2012All ages[31]
Malawi138/28734.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2002All ages[32]
Southern Sudan1/3920.3SymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1975All ages[33]
Uganda36/21081.7AsymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, CS survey2009All ages[7]
Kenya35/7224.8SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, active case detection1998All ages[29]
West Africa
Ghana4/2701.5AsymptomaticMonoclonalPCRLongitudinalb2010Children 5–17 years[34]
Nigeria126/52112.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb2010Children < 5 years[35]
Liberia19/4344.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1957All ages[36]
Senegalc719/29 2802.5AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS survey, longitudinalb1990–2010All ages[37]

Abbreviations: CS, cross-sectional, PCR, polymerase-chain reaction.

aYear(s) of sample collection.

bStudy is representative of the sampled population (ie, symptomatic based sampling methods were not employed).

cLongitudinal cross-sectional sampling of 1 study site across 20 years.

Table 1.
Open in new tab

Recent Prevalence Estimates for Plasmodium ovale Among sub-Saharan African Countries Based on Previously Published Studies

CountryNumber of Ovale Cases/Study SamplePrevalence, %Symptomatic/ AsymptomaticMixed Infection or MonoclonalDetection MethodStudy TypeStudy YearaPopulationRef.
Central Africa
Democratic Republic of Congo153/17 7650.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2013–2014Adults, 15+ yThis study
Angola23/33160.2AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2010All ages[26]
Cameroon31/7424.2AsymptomaticMonoclonalImmunofluorescenceSurveyb1983All ages[27]
Central African Republic1/4370.2SymptomaticMonoclonalMicroscopy, PCRClinical2011Febrile patients, all ages[28]
Gabon4/2061.9SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical2005All ages[29]
Republic of Congo11/8511.3SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, passive case detection2005All ages[29]
East Africa
Tanzania21/5114.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2016All ages[30]
Zambia18/8732.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2012All ages[31]
Malawi138/28734.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2002All ages[32]
Southern Sudan1/3920.3SymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1975All ages[33]
Uganda36/21081.7AsymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, CS survey2009All ages[7]
Kenya35/7224.8SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, active case detection1998All ages[29]
West Africa
Ghana4/2701.5AsymptomaticMonoclonalPCRLongitudinalb2010Children 5–17 years[34]
Nigeria126/52112.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb2010Children < 5 years[35]
Liberia19/4344.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1957All ages[36]
Senegalc719/29 2802.5AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS survey, longitudinalb1990–2010All ages[37]
CountryNumber of Ovale Cases/Study SamplePrevalence, %Symptomatic/ AsymptomaticMixed Infection or MonoclonalDetection MethodStudy TypeStudy YearaPopulationRef.
Central Africa
Democratic Republic of Congo153/17 7650.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2013–2014Adults, 15+ yThis study
Angola23/33160.2AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2010All ages[26]
Cameroon31/7424.2AsymptomaticMonoclonalImmunofluorescenceSurveyb1983All ages[27]
Central African Republic1/4370.2SymptomaticMonoclonalMicroscopy, PCRClinical2011Febrile patients, all ages[28]
Gabon4/2061.9SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical2005All ages[29]
Republic of Congo11/8511.3SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, passive case detection2005All ages[29]
East Africa
Tanzania21/5114.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2016All ages[30]
Zambia18/8732.1AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2012All ages[31]
Malawi138/28734.8AsymptomaticMixedPCRCS surveyb2002All ages[32]
Southern Sudan1/3920.3SymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1975All ages[33]
Uganda36/21081.7AsymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, CS survey2009All ages[7]
Kenya35/7224.8SymptomaticMixedPCRClinical, active case detection1998All ages[29]
West Africa
Ghana4/2701.5AsymptomaticMonoclonalPCRLongitudinalb2010Children 5–17 years[34]
Nigeria126/52112.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb2010Children < 5 years[35]
Liberia19/4344.4AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS surveyb1957All ages[36]
Senegalc719/29 2802.5AsymptomaticMixedMicroscopyCS survey, longitudinalb1990–2010All ages[37]

Abbreviations: CS, cross-sectional, PCR, polymerase-chain reaction.

aYear(s) of sample collection.

bStudy is representative of the sampled population (ie, symptomatic based sampling methods were not employed).

cLongitudinal cross-sectional sampling of 1 study site across 20 years.

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