Table 2. Open in new tab Factors and...

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Age	1.05	1.01–1.1	.02	1.03	.97–1.09	.33
Measured GFR	1.01	.98–1.04	.58
uACR	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001
Cystatin C	4.16	2.26–7.65	<.001	5.98	2.77–12.88	<.001
NAG	1.04	.99–1.12	.27
KIM-1	1.28	.95–1.72	.11	1.22	.92–1.62	.17
α1m	0.999	.987–1.012	.93
IL-18	1.00	.98–1.01	.86
Nephrocheck	0.81	.33–2.01	.66
Smoker	2.03	.89–4.6	.09	2.83	1.1–7.27	.03
IVDU	32.9	3.8–281	.001	22.39	1.04–483	.05
Female	0.71	.21–2.4	.58
Diabetes mellitus	2.56	.6–11	.2
Hypertension	1.87	.79–4.43	.15
Dyslipidemia	2.03	.89–4.64	.09	1.57	.5–4.99	.44
CD4 count	1.00	.99–1.01	.42
HBV coinfection	0.81	.1–6.0	.83
HCV coinfection	0.33	.05–2.47	.28
Liver cirrhosis	4.2	.98–18	.05	2.12	.25–18.2	.49
Length of TDF exposure	1	.99–1.00	.59
hsCRP	0.89	.6–1.3	.56

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Factor

95% CI

aHR

95% CI

Age

1.05

1.01–1.1

.02

1.03

.97–1.09

.33

Measured GFR

1.01

.98–1.04

.58

uACR

1.00

1.00–1.01

<.001

1.00

1.00–1.01

<.001

Cystatin C

4.16

2.26–7.65

<.001

5.98

2.77–12.88

<.001

NAG

1.04

.99–1.12

.27

KIM-1

1.28

.95–1.72

.11

1.22

.92–1.62

.17

α1m

0.999

.987–1.012

.93

IL-18

1.00

.98–1.01

.86

Nephrocheck

0.81

.33–2.01

.66

Smoker

2.03

.89–4.6

.09

2.83

1.1–7.27

.03

IVDU

32.9

3.8–281

.001

22.39

1.04–483

.05

Female

0.71

.21–2.4

.58

Diabetes mellitus

2.56

.6–11

Hypertension

1.87

.79–4.43

.15

Dyslipidemia

2.03

.89–4.64

.09

1.57

.5–4.99

.44

CD4 count

1.00

.99–1.01

.42

HBV coinfection

0.81

.1–6.0

.83

HCV coinfection

0.33

.05–2.47

.28

Liver cirrhosis

4.2

.98–18

.05

2.12

.25–18.2

.49

Length of TDF exposure

.99–1.00

.59

hsCRP

0.89

.6–1.3

.56

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Age	1.05	1.01–1.1	.02	1.03	.97–1.09	.33
Measured GFR	1.01	.98–1.04	.58
uACR	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001
Cystatin C	4.16	2.26–7.65	<.001	5.98	2.77–12.88	<.001
NAG	1.04	.99–1.12	.27
KIM-1	1.28	.95–1.72	.11	1.22	.92–1.62	.17
α1m	0.999	.987–1.012	.93
IL-18	1.00	.98–1.01	.86
Nephrocheck	0.81	.33–2.01	.66
Smoker	2.03	.89–4.6	.09	2.83	1.1–7.27	.03
IVDU	32.9	3.8–281	.001	22.39	1.04–483	.05
Female	0.71	.21–2.4	.58
Diabetes mellitus	2.56	.6–11	.2
Hypertension	1.87	.79–4.43	.15
Dyslipidemia	2.03	.89–4.64	.09	1.57	.5–4.99	.44
CD4 count	1.00	.99–1.01	.42
HBV coinfection	0.81	.1–6.0	.83
HCV coinfection	0.33	.05–2.47	.28
Liver cirrhosis	4.2	.98–18	.05	2.12	.25–18.2	.49
Length of TDF exposure	1	.99–1.00	.59
hsCRP	0.89	.6–1.3	.56

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Factors and Markers Associated With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events (Uni- and Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Models)

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Factor	HR	95% CI	P	aHR	95% CI	P
Age	1.05	1.01–1.1	.02	1.03	.97–1.09	.33
Measured GFR	1.01	.98–1.04	.58
uACR	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001
Cystatin C	4.16	2.26–7.65	<.001	5.98	2.77–12.88	<.001
NAG	1.04	.99–1.12	.27
KIM-1	1.28	.95–1.72	.11	1.22	.92–1.62	.17
α1m	0.999	.987–1.012	.93
IL-18	1.00	.98–1.01	.86
Nephrocheck	0.81	.33–2.01	.66
Smoker	2.03	.89–4.6	.09	2.83	1.1–7.27	.03
IVDU	32.9	3.8–281	.001	22.39	1.04–483	.05
Female	0.71	.21–2.4	.58
Diabetes mellitus	2.56	.6–11	.2
Hypertension	1.87	.79–4.43	.15
Dyslipidemia	2.03	.89–4.64	.09	1.57	.5–4.99	.44
CD4 count	1.00	.99–1.01	.42
HBV coinfection	0.81	.1–6.0	.83
HCV coinfection	0.33	.05–2.47	.28
Liver cirrhosis	4.2	.98–18	.05	2.12	.25–18.2	.49
Length of TDF exposure	1	.99–1.00	.59
hsCRP	0.89	.6–1.3	.56

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Factor	HR	95% CI	P	aHR	95% CI	P
Age	1.05	1.01–1.1	.02	1.03	.97–1.09	.33
Measured GFR	1.01	.98–1.04	.58
uACR	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001	1.00	1.00–1.01	<.001
Cystatin C	4.16	2.26–7.65	<.001	5.98	2.77–12.88	<.001
NAG	1.04	.99–1.12	.27
KIM-1	1.28	.95–1.72	.11	1.22	.92–1.62	.17
α1m	0.999	.987–1.012	.93
IL-18	1.00	.98–1.01	.86
Nephrocheck	0.81	.33–2.01	.66
Smoker	2.03	.89–4.6	.09	2.83	1.1–7.27	.03
IVDU	32.9	3.8–281	.001	22.39	1.04–483	.05
Female	0.71	.21–2.4	.58
Diabetes mellitus	2.56	.6–11	.2
Hypertension	1.87	.79–4.43	.15
Dyslipidemia	2.03	.89–4.64	.09	1.57	.5–4.99	.44
CD4 count	1.00	.99–1.01	.42
HBV coinfection	0.81	.1–6.0	.83
HCV coinfection	0.33	.05–2.47	.28
Liver cirrhosis	4.2	.98–18	.05	2.12	.25–18.2	.49
Length of TDF exposure	1	.99–1.00	.59
hsCRP	0.89	.6–1.3	.56

All covariates with a P value <.15 in univariate analysis were considered in the multivariate analysis.

Significant values are in bold.

Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; α1m, α-1-microglobulin; CI, confidence interval; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; hsCRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; HZ, hazard ratio; IL-18, interleukin-18; IVDU, intravenous drug use (narcotics); KIM-1, kidney injury molecule 1; NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; uACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio.

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