Clinical Characteristics and Immunological and Biochemical Indexes in 254 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
| Characteristic or Index . | All Patients (N = 254) . | Low IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | High IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SEM), y | 42.76 (0.951) | 44.88 (1.484) | 40.63 (1.167) | .12 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 41 (32–53.25) | 42 (32–61) | 41 (32–47) | |
| Sex, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 140 (55.12) | 75 (53.57) | 65 (46.43) | .66 |
| Female | 114 (44.88) | 52 (45.61) | 62 (54.38) | |
| Underlying disease, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (11.81) | 20 (15.74) | 10 (7.87) | .05 |
| Diabetes | 20 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | .999 |
| Hepatitis | 5 (1.97) | 3 (2.36) | 2 (1.57) | .65 |
| Pharyngitis | 3 (1.18) | 2 (1.57) | 1 (0.78) | .57 |
| Rhinitis | 12 (4.72) | 2 (1.57) | 10 (7.87) | .02 |
| Asthma | 4 (1.57) | 3 (2.36) | 1 (0.78) | .32 |
| Body temperature, mean (SEM), °C | 37.02 (0.037) | 37.1 (0.052) | 36.94 (0.052) | .02 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), °C | 37 (36.5–37.5) | 37.2 (36.5–37.5) | 36.8 (36.4–37.5) | |
| Fever, no. (%) | 94 (37) | 55 (43.3) | 39 (30.7) | |
| Immunological indexes | ||||
| Blood cell counts, ×109/L | ||||
| Leukocytes, mean (SEM) | 5.719 (0.14) | 5.546 (0.12) | 5.89 (0.23) | .49 |
| Leukocytes, median (IQR) | 5.29 (4.34–6.65) | 5.23 (4.26–6.34) | 5.38 (4.41–6.8) | |
| Lymphocytes, mean (SEM) | 1.51 (0.04) | 1.49 (0.06) | 1.52 (0.06) | .54 |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.1–1.83) | 1.4 (1.05–1.83) | 1.4 (1.14–1.83) | |
| Monocytes, mean (SEM) | 0.47 (0.01) | 0.45 (0.02) | 0.50 (0.02) | .09 |
| Monocytes, median (IQR) | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | 0.42 (0.31–0.58) | 0.47 (0.35–0.59) | |
| Platelets, mean (SEM) | 214 (4.52) | 205 (6.15) | 222 (6.55) | .04 |
| Platelets, median (IQR) | 209 (161–256) | 201 (155–244) | 213 (167–267) | |
| Basophils, mean (SEM) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | .79 |
| Basophils, median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | |
| Eosinophils, mean (SEM) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | .12 |
| Eosinophils, median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.03 (0.01–0.07) | |
| Neutrophils, mean (SEM) | 3.70 (0.13) | 3.60 (0.15) | 3.80 (0.21) | .84 |
| Neutrophils, median (IQR) | 3.3 (2.46–4.46) | 3.28 (2.48–4.34) | 3.46 (2.32–4.56) | |
| T-cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD3+, mean (SEM) | 1084 (35.9) | 1053 (54.75) | 1115 (46.42) | .18 |
| CD3+, median (IQR) | 963 (729–1352) | 963 (640–1334) | 962 (762–1388) | |
| CD4+, mean (SEM) | 602 (18.65) | 583 (24.89) | 622 (27.83) | .51 |
| CD4+, median (IQR) | 558 (397–775) | 543 (388–775) | 571 (412–779) | |
| CD8+, mean (SEM) | 389 (12.5) | 352 (17.3) | 406 (17.78) | .04 |
| CD8+, median (IQR) | 339 (241–500) | 308 (212–485) | 357 (258–504) | |
| NK cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD16+CD56+, mean (SEM) | 230 (9.8) | 227 (13.5) | 233 (14) | .90 |
| CD16+CD56+, median (IQR) | 209 (147–288) | 240 (145–274) | 203 (147–309) | |
| Biochemical indexes | ||||
| ALT, mean (SEM), U/L | 29.39 (1.53) | 29.34 (1.92) | 39.44 (2.37) | .40 |
| ALT, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (14–35) | 22 (14–35) | 20 (14–31) | |
| AST, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 26.02 (0.95) | 27.12 (1.48) | 24.95 (1.20) | .38 |
| AST, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (17–29) | 22 (17–30) | 20 (17–28) | |
| LDH, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 225 (4.75) | 239 (8.06) | 212 (4.88) | .049 |
| LDH, median (IQR) (U/L) | 204 (181–242) | 208 (186–255) | 203 (175–233) | |
| CHE, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 9029 (132.8 | 8839 (174.1) | 9216 (199.5) | .27 |
| CHE, median (IQR) (U/L) | 8780 (7718–10 146) | 8749 (7253–10 002) | 8942 (7875–10 269) | |
| CK, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 108.3 (7.17) | 120.1 (11.15) | 96.4 (8.923) | .01 |
| CK, median (IQR) (U/L) | 77 (54–120) | 86 (58.5–124) | 68 (51–106) | |
| Myoglobin, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 16.38 (1.42) | 19.16 (2.14) | 13.61 (1.85) | <.001 |
| Myoglobin, median (IQR) (U/L) | 10.95 (2.34–22.18) | 14.44 (4.51–25.68) | 5.27 (1.65–18.28) | |
| Creatinine, mean (SEM) (µmol/L) | 66.61 (1.21) | 69.57 (2.12) | 63.72 (1.15) | .17 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) (µmol/L) | 64.5 (53.68–74.4) | 65.94 (53.67–75.57) | 63.42 (53.68–73.4) | |
| ATPP, mean (SEM) (s) | 38.27 (0.47) | 38.54 (0.89) | 38.01 (0.37) | .59 |
| ATPP, Median (IQR) (s) | 37.5 (35–40.2) | 37.3 (35.03–40.18) | 37.85 (34.98–40.2) | |
| ESR, mean (SEM) (mm/h) | 41.27 (2.18) | 46.46 (3.31) | 36.33 (2.81) | .03 |
| ESR, median (IQR), mm/h | 32 (10–72) | 37 (12–76) | 28 (10–50) | |
| Albumin, mean (SEM), g/L | 42.82 (0.27) | 42.4 (0.40) | 43.22 (0.37) | .20 |
| Albumin, median (IQR), g/L | 43.19 (40.31–45.71) | 42.73 (40.11–45.42) | 43.58 (40.63–45.9) | |
| HDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 1.11 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.03) | .42 |
| HDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.07 (0.93–1.27) | 1.08 (0.91–1.26) | 1.07 (0.94–1.29) | |
| LDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.88 (0.06) | 2.82 (0.09) | 2.94 (0.08) | .28 |
| LDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.76 (2.28–3.37) | 2.81 (2.16–3.39) | 2.74 (2.39–3.39) | |
| D-dimer, mean (SEM), µg/mL | 0.58 (0.11) | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.38 (0.02) | .42 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), µg/mL | 0.32 (0.22–0.47) | 0.33 (0.22–0.5) | 0.31 (0.23–0.46) | |
| pH, mean (SEM) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | .66 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.39 (7.37–7.41) | |
| Pco2, mean (SEM), kPa | 5.44 (0.04) | 5.40 (0.06) | 5.49 (0.06) | .49 |
| Pco2, median (IQR), kPa | 5.42 (5.05–5.82) | 5.39 (5–5.78) | 5.42 (5.10–5.87) | |
| Po2, mean (SEM), kPa | 13.97 (0.27) | 13.86 (0.41) | 14.08 (0.34) | .36 |
| Po2, median (IQR), kPa | 13.05 (11.68–15.13) | 12.85 (11.33–15.38) | 13.3 (11.78–15.13) | |
| Arterial lactic acid, mean (SEM). mmol/L | 2.07 (0.18) | 1.98 (0.11) | 2.16 (0.35) | .03 |
| Arterial lactic acid, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.5 (1.2–2.15) | 1.6 (1.3–2.3) | 1.4 (1.1–2) | |
| Lactate, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.57 (0.05) | 2.65 (0.07) | 2.50 (0.07) | .049 |
| Lactate, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.45 (2.02–3) | 2.54 (2.20–3.07) | 2.29 (2.00–2.89) |
| Characteristic or Index . | All Patients (N = 254) . | Low IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | High IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SEM), y | 42.76 (0.951) | 44.88 (1.484) | 40.63 (1.167) | .12 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 41 (32–53.25) | 42 (32–61) | 41 (32–47) | |
| Sex, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 140 (55.12) | 75 (53.57) | 65 (46.43) | .66 |
| Female | 114 (44.88) | 52 (45.61) | 62 (54.38) | |
| Underlying disease, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (11.81) | 20 (15.74) | 10 (7.87) | .05 |
| Diabetes | 20 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | .999 |
| Hepatitis | 5 (1.97) | 3 (2.36) | 2 (1.57) | .65 |
| Pharyngitis | 3 (1.18) | 2 (1.57) | 1 (0.78) | .57 |
| Rhinitis | 12 (4.72) | 2 (1.57) | 10 (7.87) | .02 |
| Asthma | 4 (1.57) | 3 (2.36) | 1 (0.78) | .32 |
| Body temperature, mean (SEM), °C | 37.02 (0.037) | 37.1 (0.052) | 36.94 (0.052) | .02 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), °C | 37 (36.5–37.5) | 37.2 (36.5–37.5) | 36.8 (36.4–37.5) | |
| Fever, no. (%) | 94 (37) | 55 (43.3) | 39 (30.7) | |
| Immunological indexes | ||||
| Blood cell counts, ×109/L | ||||
| Leukocytes, mean (SEM) | 5.719 (0.14) | 5.546 (0.12) | 5.89 (0.23) | .49 |
| Leukocytes, median (IQR) | 5.29 (4.34–6.65) | 5.23 (4.26–6.34) | 5.38 (4.41–6.8) | |
| Lymphocytes, mean (SEM) | 1.51 (0.04) | 1.49 (0.06) | 1.52 (0.06) | .54 |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.1–1.83) | 1.4 (1.05–1.83) | 1.4 (1.14–1.83) | |
| Monocytes, mean (SEM) | 0.47 (0.01) | 0.45 (0.02) | 0.50 (0.02) | .09 |
| Monocytes, median (IQR) | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | 0.42 (0.31–0.58) | 0.47 (0.35–0.59) | |
| Platelets, mean (SEM) | 214 (4.52) | 205 (6.15) | 222 (6.55) | .04 |
| Platelets, median (IQR) | 209 (161–256) | 201 (155–244) | 213 (167–267) | |
| Basophils, mean (SEM) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | .79 |
| Basophils, median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | |
| Eosinophils, mean (SEM) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | .12 |
| Eosinophils, median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.03 (0.01–0.07) | |
| Neutrophils, mean (SEM) | 3.70 (0.13) | 3.60 (0.15) | 3.80 (0.21) | .84 |
| Neutrophils, median (IQR) | 3.3 (2.46–4.46) | 3.28 (2.48–4.34) | 3.46 (2.32–4.56) | |
| T-cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD3+, mean (SEM) | 1084 (35.9) | 1053 (54.75) | 1115 (46.42) | .18 |
| CD3+, median (IQR) | 963 (729–1352) | 963 (640–1334) | 962 (762–1388) | |
| CD4+, mean (SEM) | 602 (18.65) | 583 (24.89) | 622 (27.83) | .51 |
| CD4+, median (IQR) | 558 (397–775) | 543 (388–775) | 571 (412–779) | |
| CD8+, mean (SEM) | 389 (12.5) | 352 (17.3) | 406 (17.78) | .04 |
| CD8+, median (IQR) | 339 (241–500) | 308 (212–485) | 357 (258–504) | |
| NK cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD16+CD56+, mean (SEM) | 230 (9.8) | 227 (13.5) | 233 (14) | .90 |
| CD16+CD56+, median (IQR) | 209 (147–288) | 240 (145–274) | 203 (147–309) | |
| Biochemical indexes | ||||
| ALT, mean (SEM), U/L | 29.39 (1.53) | 29.34 (1.92) | 39.44 (2.37) | .40 |
| ALT, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (14–35) | 22 (14–35) | 20 (14–31) | |
| AST, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 26.02 (0.95) | 27.12 (1.48) | 24.95 (1.20) | .38 |
| AST, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (17–29) | 22 (17–30) | 20 (17–28) | |
| LDH, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 225 (4.75) | 239 (8.06) | 212 (4.88) | .049 |
| LDH, median (IQR) (U/L) | 204 (181–242) | 208 (186–255) | 203 (175–233) | |
| CHE, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 9029 (132.8 | 8839 (174.1) | 9216 (199.5) | .27 |
| CHE, median (IQR) (U/L) | 8780 (7718–10 146) | 8749 (7253–10 002) | 8942 (7875–10 269) | |
| CK, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 108.3 (7.17) | 120.1 (11.15) | 96.4 (8.923) | .01 |
| CK, median (IQR) (U/L) | 77 (54–120) | 86 (58.5–124) | 68 (51–106) | |
| Myoglobin, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 16.38 (1.42) | 19.16 (2.14) | 13.61 (1.85) | <.001 |
| Myoglobin, median (IQR) (U/L) | 10.95 (2.34–22.18) | 14.44 (4.51–25.68) | 5.27 (1.65–18.28) | |
| Creatinine, mean (SEM) (µmol/L) | 66.61 (1.21) | 69.57 (2.12) | 63.72 (1.15) | .17 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) (µmol/L) | 64.5 (53.68–74.4) | 65.94 (53.67–75.57) | 63.42 (53.68–73.4) | |
| ATPP, mean (SEM) (s) | 38.27 (0.47) | 38.54 (0.89) | 38.01 (0.37) | .59 |
| ATPP, Median (IQR) (s) | 37.5 (35–40.2) | 37.3 (35.03–40.18) | 37.85 (34.98–40.2) | |
| ESR, mean (SEM) (mm/h) | 41.27 (2.18) | 46.46 (3.31) | 36.33 (2.81) | .03 |
| ESR, median (IQR), mm/h | 32 (10–72) | 37 (12–76) | 28 (10–50) | |
| Albumin, mean (SEM), g/L | 42.82 (0.27) | 42.4 (0.40) | 43.22 (0.37) | .20 |
| Albumin, median (IQR), g/L | 43.19 (40.31–45.71) | 42.73 (40.11–45.42) | 43.58 (40.63–45.9) | |
| HDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 1.11 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.03) | .42 |
| HDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.07 (0.93–1.27) | 1.08 (0.91–1.26) | 1.07 (0.94–1.29) | |
| LDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.88 (0.06) | 2.82 (0.09) | 2.94 (0.08) | .28 |
| LDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.76 (2.28–3.37) | 2.81 (2.16–3.39) | 2.74 (2.39–3.39) | |
| D-dimer, mean (SEM), µg/mL | 0.58 (0.11) | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.38 (0.02) | .42 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), µg/mL | 0.32 (0.22–0.47) | 0.33 (0.22–0.5) | 0.31 (0.23–0.46) | |
| pH, mean (SEM) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | .66 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.39 (7.37–7.41) | |
| Pco2, mean (SEM), kPa | 5.44 (0.04) | 5.40 (0.06) | 5.49 (0.06) | .49 |
| Pco2, median (IQR), kPa | 5.42 (5.05–5.82) | 5.39 (5–5.78) | 5.42 (5.10–5.87) | |
| Po2, mean (SEM), kPa | 13.97 (0.27) | 13.86 (0.41) | 14.08 (0.34) | .36 |
| Po2, median (IQR), kPa | 13.05 (11.68–15.13) | 12.85 (11.33–15.38) | 13.3 (11.78–15.13) | |
| Arterial lactic acid, mean (SEM). mmol/L | 2.07 (0.18) | 1.98 (0.11) | 2.16 (0.35) | .03 |
| Arterial lactic acid, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.5 (1.2–2.15) | 1.6 (1.3–2.3) | 1.4 (1.1–2) | |
| Lactate, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.57 (0.05) | 2.65 (0.07) | 2.50 (0.07) | .049 |
| Lactate, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.45 (2.02–3) | 2.54 (2.20–3.07) | 2.29 (2.00–2.89) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ATPP, activated partial thromboplastin time; CHE, cholinesterase; CK, creatine kinase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-37, interleukin 37; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NK, natural killer; SEM, standard error of the mean.
Clinical Characteristics and Immunological and Biochemical Indexes in 254 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
| Characteristic or Index . | All Patients (N = 254) . | Low IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | High IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SEM), y | 42.76 (0.951) | 44.88 (1.484) | 40.63 (1.167) | .12 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 41 (32–53.25) | 42 (32–61) | 41 (32–47) | |
| Sex, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 140 (55.12) | 75 (53.57) | 65 (46.43) | .66 |
| Female | 114 (44.88) | 52 (45.61) | 62 (54.38) | |
| Underlying disease, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (11.81) | 20 (15.74) | 10 (7.87) | .05 |
| Diabetes | 20 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | .999 |
| Hepatitis | 5 (1.97) | 3 (2.36) | 2 (1.57) | .65 |
| Pharyngitis | 3 (1.18) | 2 (1.57) | 1 (0.78) | .57 |
| Rhinitis | 12 (4.72) | 2 (1.57) | 10 (7.87) | .02 |
| Asthma | 4 (1.57) | 3 (2.36) | 1 (0.78) | .32 |
| Body temperature, mean (SEM), °C | 37.02 (0.037) | 37.1 (0.052) | 36.94 (0.052) | .02 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), °C | 37 (36.5–37.5) | 37.2 (36.5–37.5) | 36.8 (36.4–37.5) | |
| Fever, no. (%) | 94 (37) | 55 (43.3) | 39 (30.7) | |
| Immunological indexes | ||||
| Blood cell counts, ×109/L | ||||
| Leukocytes, mean (SEM) | 5.719 (0.14) | 5.546 (0.12) | 5.89 (0.23) | .49 |
| Leukocytes, median (IQR) | 5.29 (4.34–6.65) | 5.23 (4.26–6.34) | 5.38 (4.41–6.8) | |
| Lymphocytes, mean (SEM) | 1.51 (0.04) | 1.49 (0.06) | 1.52 (0.06) | .54 |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.1–1.83) | 1.4 (1.05–1.83) | 1.4 (1.14–1.83) | |
| Monocytes, mean (SEM) | 0.47 (0.01) | 0.45 (0.02) | 0.50 (0.02) | .09 |
| Monocytes, median (IQR) | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | 0.42 (0.31–0.58) | 0.47 (0.35–0.59) | |
| Platelets, mean (SEM) | 214 (4.52) | 205 (6.15) | 222 (6.55) | .04 |
| Platelets, median (IQR) | 209 (161–256) | 201 (155–244) | 213 (167–267) | |
| Basophils, mean (SEM) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | .79 |
| Basophils, median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | |
| Eosinophils, mean (SEM) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | .12 |
| Eosinophils, median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.03 (0.01–0.07) | |
| Neutrophils, mean (SEM) | 3.70 (0.13) | 3.60 (0.15) | 3.80 (0.21) | .84 |
| Neutrophils, median (IQR) | 3.3 (2.46–4.46) | 3.28 (2.48–4.34) | 3.46 (2.32–4.56) | |
| T-cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD3+, mean (SEM) | 1084 (35.9) | 1053 (54.75) | 1115 (46.42) | .18 |
| CD3+, median (IQR) | 963 (729–1352) | 963 (640–1334) | 962 (762–1388) | |
| CD4+, mean (SEM) | 602 (18.65) | 583 (24.89) | 622 (27.83) | .51 |
| CD4+, median (IQR) | 558 (397–775) | 543 (388–775) | 571 (412–779) | |
| CD8+, mean (SEM) | 389 (12.5) | 352 (17.3) | 406 (17.78) | .04 |
| CD8+, median (IQR) | 339 (241–500) | 308 (212–485) | 357 (258–504) | |
| NK cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD16+CD56+, mean (SEM) | 230 (9.8) | 227 (13.5) | 233 (14) | .90 |
| CD16+CD56+, median (IQR) | 209 (147–288) | 240 (145–274) | 203 (147–309) | |
| Biochemical indexes | ||||
| ALT, mean (SEM), U/L | 29.39 (1.53) | 29.34 (1.92) | 39.44 (2.37) | .40 |
| ALT, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (14–35) | 22 (14–35) | 20 (14–31) | |
| AST, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 26.02 (0.95) | 27.12 (1.48) | 24.95 (1.20) | .38 |
| AST, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (17–29) | 22 (17–30) | 20 (17–28) | |
| LDH, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 225 (4.75) | 239 (8.06) | 212 (4.88) | .049 |
| LDH, median (IQR) (U/L) | 204 (181–242) | 208 (186–255) | 203 (175–233) | |
| CHE, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 9029 (132.8 | 8839 (174.1) | 9216 (199.5) | .27 |
| CHE, median (IQR) (U/L) | 8780 (7718–10 146) | 8749 (7253–10 002) | 8942 (7875–10 269) | |
| CK, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 108.3 (7.17) | 120.1 (11.15) | 96.4 (8.923) | .01 |
| CK, median (IQR) (U/L) | 77 (54–120) | 86 (58.5–124) | 68 (51–106) | |
| Myoglobin, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 16.38 (1.42) | 19.16 (2.14) | 13.61 (1.85) | <.001 |
| Myoglobin, median (IQR) (U/L) | 10.95 (2.34–22.18) | 14.44 (4.51–25.68) | 5.27 (1.65–18.28) | |
| Creatinine, mean (SEM) (µmol/L) | 66.61 (1.21) | 69.57 (2.12) | 63.72 (1.15) | .17 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) (µmol/L) | 64.5 (53.68–74.4) | 65.94 (53.67–75.57) | 63.42 (53.68–73.4) | |
| ATPP, mean (SEM) (s) | 38.27 (0.47) | 38.54 (0.89) | 38.01 (0.37) | .59 |
| ATPP, Median (IQR) (s) | 37.5 (35–40.2) | 37.3 (35.03–40.18) | 37.85 (34.98–40.2) | |
| ESR, mean (SEM) (mm/h) | 41.27 (2.18) | 46.46 (3.31) | 36.33 (2.81) | .03 |
| ESR, median (IQR), mm/h | 32 (10–72) | 37 (12–76) | 28 (10–50) | |
| Albumin, mean (SEM), g/L | 42.82 (0.27) | 42.4 (0.40) | 43.22 (0.37) | .20 |
| Albumin, median (IQR), g/L | 43.19 (40.31–45.71) | 42.73 (40.11–45.42) | 43.58 (40.63–45.9) | |
| HDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 1.11 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.03) | .42 |
| HDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.07 (0.93–1.27) | 1.08 (0.91–1.26) | 1.07 (0.94–1.29) | |
| LDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.88 (0.06) | 2.82 (0.09) | 2.94 (0.08) | .28 |
| LDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.76 (2.28–3.37) | 2.81 (2.16–3.39) | 2.74 (2.39–3.39) | |
| D-dimer, mean (SEM), µg/mL | 0.58 (0.11) | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.38 (0.02) | .42 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), µg/mL | 0.32 (0.22–0.47) | 0.33 (0.22–0.5) | 0.31 (0.23–0.46) | |
| pH, mean (SEM) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | .66 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.39 (7.37–7.41) | |
| Pco2, mean (SEM), kPa | 5.44 (0.04) | 5.40 (0.06) | 5.49 (0.06) | .49 |
| Pco2, median (IQR), kPa | 5.42 (5.05–5.82) | 5.39 (5–5.78) | 5.42 (5.10–5.87) | |
| Po2, mean (SEM), kPa | 13.97 (0.27) | 13.86 (0.41) | 14.08 (0.34) | .36 |
| Po2, median (IQR), kPa | 13.05 (11.68–15.13) | 12.85 (11.33–15.38) | 13.3 (11.78–15.13) | |
| Arterial lactic acid, mean (SEM). mmol/L | 2.07 (0.18) | 1.98 (0.11) | 2.16 (0.35) | .03 |
| Arterial lactic acid, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.5 (1.2–2.15) | 1.6 (1.3–2.3) | 1.4 (1.1–2) | |
| Lactate, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.57 (0.05) | 2.65 (0.07) | 2.50 (0.07) | .049 |
| Lactate, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.45 (2.02–3) | 2.54 (2.20–3.07) | 2.29 (2.00–2.89) |
| Characteristic or Index . | All Patients (N = 254) . | Low IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | High IL-37 Response (n = 127) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SEM), y | 42.76 (0.951) | 44.88 (1.484) | 40.63 (1.167) | .12 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 41 (32–53.25) | 42 (32–61) | 41 (32–47) | |
| Sex, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 140 (55.12) | 75 (53.57) | 65 (46.43) | .66 |
| Female | 114 (44.88) | 52 (45.61) | 62 (54.38) | |
| Underlying disease, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (11.81) | 20 (15.74) | 10 (7.87) | .05 |
| Diabetes | 20 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | 10 (7.87) | .999 |
| Hepatitis | 5 (1.97) | 3 (2.36) | 2 (1.57) | .65 |
| Pharyngitis | 3 (1.18) | 2 (1.57) | 1 (0.78) | .57 |
| Rhinitis | 12 (4.72) | 2 (1.57) | 10 (7.87) | .02 |
| Asthma | 4 (1.57) | 3 (2.36) | 1 (0.78) | .32 |
| Body temperature, mean (SEM), °C | 37.02 (0.037) | 37.1 (0.052) | 36.94 (0.052) | .02 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), °C | 37 (36.5–37.5) | 37.2 (36.5–37.5) | 36.8 (36.4–37.5) | |
| Fever, no. (%) | 94 (37) | 55 (43.3) | 39 (30.7) | |
| Immunological indexes | ||||
| Blood cell counts, ×109/L | ||||
| Leukocytes, mean (SEM) | 5.719 (0.14) | 5.546 (0.12) | 5.89 (0.23) | .49 |
| Leukocytes, median (IQR) | 5.29 (4.34–6.65) | 5.23 (4.26–6.34) | 5.38 (4.41–6.8) | |
| Lymphocytes, mean (SEM) | 1.51 (0.04) | 1.49 (0.06) | 1.52 (0.06) | .54 |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.1–1.83) | 1.4 (1.05–1.83) | 1.4 (1.14–1.83) | |
| Monocytes, mean (SEM) | 0.47 (0.01) | 0.45 (0.02) | 0.50 (0.02) | .09 |
| Monocytes, median (IQR) | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | 0.42 (0.31–0.58) | 0.47 (0.35–0.59) | |
| Platelets, mean (SEM) | 214 (4.52) | 205 (6.15) | 222 (6.55) | .04 |
| Platelets, median (IQR) | 209 (161–256) | 201 (155–244) | 213 (167–267) | |
| Basophils, mean (SEM) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.00) | .79 |
| Basophils, median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | |
| Eosinophils, mean (SEM) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | .12 |
| Eosinophils, median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.03 (0.01–0.07) | |
| Neutrophils, mean (SEM) | 3.70 (0.13) | 3.60 (0.15) | 3.80 (0.21) | .84 |
| Neutrophils, median (IQR) | 3.3 (2.46–4.46) | 3.28 (2.48–4.34) | 3.46 (2.32–4.56) | |
| T-cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD3+, mean (SEM) | 1084 (35.9) | 1053 (54.75) | 1115 (46.42) | .18 |
| CD3+, median (IQR) | 963 (729–1352) | 963 (640–1334) | 962 (762–1388) | |
| CD4+, mean (SEM) | 602 (18.65) | 583 (24.89) | 622 (27.83) | .51 |
| CD4+, median (IQR) | 558 (397–775) | 543 (388–775) | 571 (412–779) | |
| CD8+, mean (SEM) | 389 (12.5) | 352 (17.3) | 406 (17.78) | .04 |
| CD8+, median (IQR) | 339 (241–500) | 308 (212–485) | 357 (258–504) | |
| NK cell count, cells/µL | ||||
| CD16+CD56+, mean (SEM) | 230 (9.8) | 227 (13.5) | 233 (14) | .90 |
| CD16+CD56+, median (IQR) | 209 (147–288) | 240 (145–274) | 203 (147–309) | |
| Biochemical indexes | ||||
| ALT, mean (SEM), U/L | 29.39 (1.53) | 29.34 (1.92) | 39.44 (2.37) | .40 |
| ALT, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (14–35) | 22 (14–35) | 20 (14–31) | |
| AST, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 26.02 (0.95) | 27.12 (1.48) | 24.95 (1.20) | .38 |
| AST, median (IQR) (U/L) | 21 (17–29) | 22 (17–30) | 20 (17–28) | |
| LDH, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 225 (4.75) | 239 (8.06) | 212 (4.88) | .049 |
| LDH, median (IQR) (U/L) | 204 (181–242) | 208 (186–255) | 203 (175–233) | |
| CHE, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 9029 (132.8 | 8839 (174.1) | 9216 (199.5) | .27 |
| CHE, median (IQR) (U/L) | 8780 (7718–10 146) | 8749 (7253–10 002) | 8942 (7875–10 269) | |
| CK, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 108.3 (7.17) | 120.1 (11.15) | 96.4 (8.923) | .01 |
| CK, median (IQR) (U/L) | 77 (54–120) | 86 (58.5–124) | 68 (51–106) | |
| Myoglobin, mean (SEM) (U/L) | 16.38 (1.42) | 19.16 (2.14) | 13.61 (1.85) | <.001 |
| Myoglobin, median (IQR) (U/L) | 10.95 (2.34–22.18) | 14.44 (4.51–25.68) | 5.27 (1.65–18.28) | |
| Creatinine, mean (SEM) (µmol/L) | 66.61 (1.21) | 69.57 (2.12) | 63.72 (1.15) | .17 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) (µmol/L) | 64.5 (53.68–74.4) | 65.94 (53.67–75.57) | 63.42 (53.68–73.4) | |
| ATPP, mean (SEM) (s) | 38.27 (0.47) | 38.54 (0.89) | 38.01 (0.37) | .59 |
| ATPP, Median (IQR) (s) | 37.5 (35–40.2) | 37.3 (35.03–40.18) | 37.85 (34.98–40.2) | |
| ESR, mean (SEM) (mm/h) | 41.27 (2.18) | 46.46 (3.31) | 36.33 (2.81) | .03 |
| ESR, median (IQR), mm/h | 32 (10–72) | 37 (12–76) | 28 (10–50) | |
| Albumin, mean (SEM), g/L | 42.82 (0.27) | 42.4 (0.40) | 43.22 (0.37) | .20 |
| Albumin, median (IQR), g/L | 43.19 (40.31–45.71) | 42.73 (40.11–45.42) | 43.58 (40.63–45.9) | |
| HDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 1.11 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.03) | .42 |
| HDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.07 (0.93–1.27) | 1.08 (0.91–1.26) | 1.07 (0.94–1.29) | |
| LDL-C, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.88 (0.06) | 2.82 (0.09) | 2.94 (0.08) | .28 |
| LDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.76 (2.28–3.37) | 2.81 (2.16–3.39) | 2.74 (2.39–3.39) | |
| D-dimer, mean (SEM), µg/mL | 0.58 (0.11) | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.38 (0.02) | .42 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), µg/mL | 0.32 (0.22–0.47) | 0.33 (0.22–0.5) | 0.31 (0.23–0.46) | |
| pH, mean (SEM) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | 7.39 (0.00) | .66 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.38 (7.36–7.41) | 7.39 (7.37–7.41) | |
| Pco2, mean (SEM), kPa | 5.44 (0.04) | 5.40 (0.06) | 5.49 (0.06) | .49 |
| Pco2, median (IQR), kPa | 5.42 (5.05–5.82) | 5.39 (5–5.78) | 5.42 (5.10–5.87) | |
| Po2, mean (SEM), kPa | 13.97 (0.27) | 13.86 (0.41) | 14.08 (0.34) | .36 |
| Po2, median (IQR), kPa | 13.05 (11.68–15.13) | 12.85 (11.33–15.38) | 13.3 (11.78–15.13) | |
| Arterial lactic acid, mean (SEM). mmol/L | 2.07 (0.18) | 1.98 (0.11) | 2.16 (0.35) | .03 |
| Arterial lactic acid, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.5 (1.2–2.15) | 1.6 (1.3–2.3) | 1.4 (1.1–2) | |
| Lactate, mean (SEM), mmol/L | 2.57 (0.05) | 2.65 (0.07) | 2.50 (0.07) | .049 |
| Lactate, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.45 (2.02–3) | 2.54 (2.20–3.07) | 2.29 (2.00–2.89) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ATPP, activated partial thromboplastin time; CHE, cholinesterase; CK, creatine kinase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-37, interleukin 37; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NK, natural killer; SEM, standard error of the mean.
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