Mean [± SE (n)] time spent (days) by Lycorma delicatula in each instar at different temperatures
| Instar . | Temperature (°C) . | . | . | . | . | Statistics . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | F . | df . | P . |
| First | 71.3 ± 2.57a (34) | 23.4 ± 0.73b (71) | 12.6 ± 0.39c (79) | 10.9 ± 0.33cd (89) | 11.7 ± 0.41d (49) | 519.9 | 4, 25.31 | <0.0001 |
| Second | NA | 24.0 ± 1.92a (56) | 20.2 ± 1.70a (65) | 14.2 ± 1.25b (59) | 27 ab (1) | 6.76 | 3, 24.01 | 0.0018 |
| Third | NA | 40.4 ± 4.38a (14) | 24.6 ± 2.03b (21) | 21.0 ± 1.95b (26) | NA | 11.09 | 2, 27.64 | 0.0003 |
| Fourth males | 64.6 ± 4.93a (14) | 39.5 ± 2.93b (14) | 34.0 ± 2.29b (13) | 24.2 ± 1.67c (12) | NA | 31.15 | 3, 17.28 | <0.0001 |
| Fourth females | 85.5 ± 8.04a (7) | 50.1 ± 4.21b (12) | 38.6 ± 3.25bc (10) | 28.4 ± 3.70c (7) | NA | 20.16 | 3, 11.77 | <0.0001 |
| Instar . | Temperature (°C) . | . | . | . | . | Statistics . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | F . | df . | P . |
| First | 71.3 ± 2.57a (34) | 23.4 ± 0.73b (71) | 12.6 ± 0.39c (79) | 10.9 ± 0.33cd (89) | 11.7 ± 0.41d (49) | 519.9 | 4, 25.31 | <0.0001 |
| Second | NA | 24.0 ± 1.92a (56) | 20.2 ± 1.70a (65) | 14.2 ± 1.25b (59) | 27 ab (1) | 6.76 | 3, 24.01 | 0.0018 |
| Third | NA | 40.4 ± 4.38a (14) | 24.6 ± 2.03b (21) | 21.0 ± 1.95b (26) | NA | 11.09 | 2, 27.64 | 0.0003 |
| Fourth males | 64.6 ± 4.93a (14) | 39.5 ± 2.93b (14) | 34.0 ± 2.29b (13) | 24.2 ± 1.67c (12) | NA | 31.15 | 3, 17.28 | <0.0001 |
| Fourth females | 85.5 ± 8.04a (7) | 50.1 ± 4.21b (12) | 38.6 ± 3.25bc (10) | 28.4 ± 3.70c (7) | NA | 20.16 | 3, 11.77 | <0.0001 |
Means within a row followed by a different letter are significantly different from each other at P < 0.05 using Tukey–Kramer post hoc test. Sample size (n) is the number of survivors.
Mean [± SE (n)] time spent (days) by Lycorma delicatula in each instar at different temperatures
| Instar . | Temperature (°C) . | . | . | . | . | Statistics . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | F . | df . | P . |
| First | 71.3 ± 2.57a (34) | 23.4 ± 0.73b (71) | 12.6 ± 0.39c (79) | 10.9 ± 0.33cd (89) | 11.7 ± 0.41d (49) | 519.9 | 4, 25.31 | <0.0001 |
| Second | NA | 24.0 ± 1.92a (56) | 20.2 ± 1.70a (65) | 14.2 ± 1.25b (59) | 27 ab (1) | 6.76 | 3, 24.01 | 0.0018 |
| Third | NA | 40.4 ± 4.38a (14) | 24.6 ± 2.03b (21) | 21.0 ± 1.95b (26) | NA | 11.09 | 2, 27.64 | 0.0003 |
| Fourth males | 64.6 ± 4.93a (14) | 39.5 ± 2.93b (14) | 34.0 ± 2.29b (13) | 24.2 ± 1.67c (12) | NA | 31.15 | 3, 17.28 | <0.0001 |
| Fourth females | 85.5 ± 8.04a (7) | 50.1 ± 4.21b (12) | 38.6 ± 3.25bc (10) | 28.4 ± 3.70c (7) | NA | 20.16 | 3, 11.77 | <0.0001 |
| Instar . | Temperature (°C) . | . | . | . | . | Statistics . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 15 . | 20 . | 25 . | 30 . | 35 . | F . | df . | P . |
| First | 71.3 ± 2.57a (34) | 23.4 ± 0.73b (71) | 12.6 ± 0.39c (79) | 10.9 ± 0.33cd (89) | 11.7 ± 0.41d (49) | 519.9 | 4, 25.31 | <0.0001 |
| Second | NA | 24.0 ± 1.92a (56) | 20.2 ± 1.70a (65) | 14.2 ± 1.25b (59) | 27 ab (1) | 6.76 | 3, 24.01 | 0.0018 |
| Third | NA | 40.4 ± 4.38a (14) | 24.6 ± 2.03b (21) | 21.0 ± 1.95b (26) | NA | 11.09 | 2, 27.64 | 0.0003 |
| Fourth males | 64.6 ± 4.93a (14) | 39.5 ± 2.93b (14) | 34.0 ± 2.29b (13) | 24.2 ± 1.67c (12) | NA | 31.15 | 3, 17.28 | <0.0001 |
| Fourth females | 85.5 ± 8.04a (7) | 50.1 ± 4.21b (12) | 38.6 ± 3.25bc (10) | 28.4 ± 3.70c (7) | NA | 20.16 | 3, 11.77 | <0.0001 |
Means within a row followed by a different letter are significantly different from each other at P < 0.05 using Tukey–Kramer post hoc test. Sample size (n) is the number of survivors.
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