| . | Whole group (n = 100) . | Sham RIC (n = 47) . | RIC (n = 53) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 13.6 | 65.1 ± 13.1 | 65.4 ± 14.1 | 0.903 |
| Male | 79 (79.0) | 37 (78.7) | 42 (79.2) | 1.000 |
| Caucasian | 93 (93.0) | 46 (97.9) | 47 (88.7) | 0.117 |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 4.8 | 26.6 ± 3.6 | 0.673 |
| TIMI score | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 0.467 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (20.0) | 7 (14.9) | 13 (24.5) | 0.317 |
| Active smoker | 27 (27.0) | 15 (31.9) | 12 (22.6) | 0.369 |
| Hypertension | 44 (44.0) | 20 (42.6) | 24 (45.3) | 0.842 |
| Family history of premature IHD | 26 (26.0) | 13 (27.7) | 13 (24.5) | 0.820 |
| Prior MI | 9 (9.0) | 3 (6.4) | 6 (11.3) | 0.495 |
| Prior PCI | 8 (8.0) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (9.4) | 0.719 |
| Renal insufficiency | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| PVD | 3 (3.0) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | 0.100 |
| Prior CVA | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (5.7) | 0.620 |
| Prior statin use | 26 (26.0) | 14 (29.8) | 12 (22.6) | 0.496 |
| Prior aspirin use | 16 (16.0) | 5 (10.6) | 11 (20.8) | 0.186 |
| Prior P2Y12 inhibitor use | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 1.000 |
| Initial P2Y12 inhibitor loading agent | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 76 (76.0) | 37 (78.7) | 39 (73.6) | 0.642 |
| Ticagrelor | 20 (20.0) | 8 (17.0) | 12 (22.6) | 0.618 |
| Cangrelor | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| Morphine prior to blood sample | 59 (59.0) | 26 (55.3) | 33 (62.3) | 0.544 |
| Time from P2Y12 inhibitor loading to first blood sample (min) | 46.9 ± 21.9 | 46.9 ± 19.1 | 46.9 ± 24.2 | 0.979 |
| Medications prior to hospital discharge | ||||
| Aspirin | 94 (94.0) | 45 (95.7) | 49 (92.5) | 1.000 |
| Clopidogrel | 12 (12.0) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (9.4) | 0.540 |
| Ticagrelor | 82 (82.0) | 38 (80.9) | 44 (83.0) | 0.800 |
| Beta-blocker | 91 (91.0) | 44 (93.6) | 47 (88.7) | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitor | 93 (93.0) | 45 (95.7) | 48 (90.6) | 1.000 |
| Calcium antagonist | 6 (6.0) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (9.4) | 0.206 |
| Statin | 92 (92.0) | 45 (95.7) | 47 (88.7) | 0.496 |
| Nitrate | 2 (2.0) | 0 | 2 (3.8) | 0.497 |
| Insulin | 3 (3.0) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.9) | 0.599 |
| . | Whole group (n = 100) . | Sham RIC (n = 47) . | RIC (n = 53) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 13.6 | 65.1 ± 13.1 | 65.4 ± 14.1 | 0.903 |
| Male | 79 (79.0) | 37 (78.7) | 42 (79.2) | 1.000 |
| Caucasian | 93 (93.0) | 46 (97.9) | 47 (88.7) | 0.117 |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 4.8 | 26.6 ± 3.6 | 0.673 |
| TIMI score | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 0.467 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (20.0) | 7 (14.9) | 13 (24.5) | 0.317 |
| Active smoker | 27 (27.0) | 15 (31.9) | 12 (22.6) | 0.369 |
| Hypertension | 44 (44.0) | 20 (42.6) | 24 (45.3) | 0.842 |
| Family history of premature IHD | 26 (26.0) | 13 (27.7) | 13 (24.5) | 0.820 |
| Prior MI | 9 (9.0) | 3 (6.4) | 6 (11.3) | 0.495 |
| Prior PCI | 8 (8.0) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (9.4) | 0.719 |
| Renal insufficiency | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| PVD | 3 (3.0) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | 0.100 |
| Prior CVA | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (5.7) | 0.620 |
| Prior statin use | 26 (26.0) | 14 (29.8) | 12 (22.6) | 0.496 |
| Prior aspirin use | 16 (16.0) | 5 (10.6) | 11 (20.8) | 0.186 |
| Prior P2Y12 inhibitor use | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 1.000 |
| Initial P2Y12 inhibitor loading agent | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 76 (76.0) | 37 (78.7) | 39 (73.6) | 0.642 |
| Ticagrelor | 20 (20.0) | 8 (17.0) | 12 (22.6) | 0.618 |
| Cangrelor | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| Morphine prior to blood sample | 59 (59.0) | 26 (55.3) | 33 (62.3) | 0.544 |
| Time from P2Y12 inhibitor loading to first blood sample (min) | 46.9 ± 21.9 | 46.9 ± 19.1 | 46.9 ± 24.2 | 0.979 |
| Medications prior to hospital discharge | ||||
| Aspirin | 94 (94.0) | 45 (95.7) | 49 (92.5) | 1.000 |
| Clopidogrel | 12 (12.0) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (9.4) | 0.540 |
| Ticagrelor | 82 (82.0) | 38 (80.9) | 44 (83.0) | 0.800 |
| Beta-blocker | 91 (91.0) | 44 (93.6) | 47 (88.7) | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitor | 93 (93.0) | 45 (95.7) | 48 (90.6) | 1.000 |
| Calcium antagonist | 6 (6.0) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (9.4) | 0.206 |
| Statin | 92 (92.0) | 45 (95.7) | 47 (88.7) | 0.496 |
| Nitrate | 2 (2.0) | 0 | 2 (3.8) | 0.497 |
| Insulin | 3 (3.0) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.9) | 0.599 |
Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Renal insufficiency was defined as creatinine levels >177 μmol/L. Prior statin, aspirin, or P2Y12 inhibitor use defined as regular statin, aspirin, or P2Y12 inhibitor use before hospitalization. Family history of premature IHD was defined as a diagnosis of IHD in a first-degree relative under the age of 60.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.
| . | Whole group (n = 100) . | Sham RIC (n = 47) . | RIC (n = 53) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 13.6 | 65.1 ± 13.1 | 65.4 ± 14.1 | 0.903 |
| Male | 79 (79.0) | 37 (78.7) | 42 (79.2) | 1.000 |
| Caucasian | 93 (93.0) | 46 (97.9) | 47 (88.7) | 0.117 |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 4.8 | 26.6 ± 3.6 | 0.673 |
| TIMI score | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 0.467 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (20.0) | 7 (14.9) | 13 (24.5) | 0.317 |
| Active smoker | 27 (27.0) | 15 (31.9) | 12 (22.6) | 0.369 |
| Hypertension | 44 (44.0) | 20 (42.6) | 24 (45.3) | 0.842 |
| Family history of premature IHD | 26 (26.0) | 13 (27.7) | 13 (24.5) | 0.820 |
| Prior MI | 9 (9.0) | 3 (6.4) | 6 (11.3) | 0.495 |
| Prior PCI | 8 (8.0) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (9.4) | 0.719 |
| Renal insufficiency | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| PVD | 3 (3.0) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | 0.100 |
| Prior CVA | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (5.7) | 0.620 |
| Prior statin use | 26 (26.0) | 14 (29.8) | 12 (22.6) | 0.496 |
| Prior aspirin use | 16 (16.0) | 5 (10.6) | 11 (20.8) | 0.186 |
| Prior P2Y12 inhibitor use | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 1.000 |
| Initial P2Y12 inhibitor loading agent | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 76 (76.0) | 37 (78.7) | 39 (73.6) | 0.642 |
| Ticagrelor | 20 (20.0) | 8 (17.0) | 12 (22.6) | 0.618 |
| Cangrelor | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| Morphine prior to blood sample | 59 (59.0) | 26 (55.3) | 33 (62.3) | 0.544 |
| Time from P2Y12 inhibitor loading to first blood sample (min) | 46.9 ± 21.9 | 46.9 ± 19.1 | 46.9 ± 24.2 | 0.979 |
| Medications prior to hospital discharge | ||||
| Aspirin | 94 (94.0) | 45 (95.7) | 49 (92.5) | 1.000 |
| Clopidogrel | 12 (12.0) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (9.4) | 0.540 |
| Ticagrelor | 82 (82.0) | 38 (80.9) | 44 (83.0) | 0.800 |
| Beta-blocker | 91 (91.0) | 44 (93.6) | 47 (88.7) | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitor | 93 (93.0) | 45 (95.7) | 48 (90.6) | 1.000 |
| Calcium antagonist | 6 (6.0) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (9.4) | 0.206 |
| Statin | 92 (92.0) | 45 (95.7) | 47 (88.7) | 0.496 |
| Nitrate | 2 (2.0) | 0 | 2 (3.8) | 0.497 |
| Insulin | 3 (3.0) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.9) | 0.599 |
| . | Whole group (n = 100) . | Sham RIC (n = 47) . | RIC (n = 53) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 13.6 | 65.1 ± 13.1 | 65.4 ± 14.1 | 0.903 |
| Male | 79 (79.0) | 37 (78.7) | 42 (79.2) | 1.000 |
| Caucasian | 93 (93.0) | 46 (97.9) | 47 (88.7) | 0.117 |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 4.8 | 26.6 ± 3.6 | 0.673 |
| TIMI score | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 0.467 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (20.0) | 7 (14.9) | 13 (24.5) | 0.317 |
| Active smoker | 27 (27.0) | 15 (31.9) | 12 (22.6) | 0.369 |
| Hypertension | 44 (44.0) | 20 (42.6) | 24 (45.3) | 0.842 |
| Family history of premature IHD | 26 (26.0) | 13 (27.7) | 13 (24.5) | 0.820 |
| Prior MI | 9 (9.0) | 3 (6.4) | 6 (11.3) | 0.495 |
| Prior PCI | 8 (8.0) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (9.4) | 0.719 |
| Renal insufficiency | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| PVD | 3 (3.0) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | 0.100 |
| Prior CVA | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (5.7) | 0.620 |
| Prior statin use | 26 (26.0) | 14 (29.8) | 12 (22.6) | 0.496 |
| Prior aspirin use | 16 (16.0) | 5 (10.6) | 11 (20.8) | 0.186 |
| Prior P2Y12 inhibitor use | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 1.000 |
| Initial P2Y12 inhibitor loading agent | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 76 (76.0) | 37 (78.7) | 39 (73.6) | 0.642 |
| Ticagrelor | 20 (20.0) | 8 (17.0) | 12 (22.6) | 0.618 |
| Cangrelor | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| Morphine prior to blood sample | 59 (59.0) | 26 (55.3) | 33 (62.3) | 0.544 |
| Time from P2Y12 inhibitor loading to first blood sample (min) | 46.9 ± 21.9 | 46.9 ± 19.1 | 46.9 ± 24.2 | 0.979 |
| Medications prior to hospital discharge | ||||
| Aspirin | 94 (94.0) | 45 (95.7) | 49 (92.5) | 1.000 |
| Clopidogrel | 12 (12.0) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (9.4) | 0.540 |
| Ticagrelor | 82 (82.0) | 38 (80.9) | 44 (83.0) | 0.800 |
| Beta-blocker | 91 (91.0) | 44 (93.6) | 47 (88.7) | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitor | 93 (93.0) | 45 (95.7) | 48 (90.6) | 1.000 |
| Calcium antagonist | 6 (6.0) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (9.4) | 0.206 |
| Statin | 92 (92.0) | 45 (95.7) | 47 (88.7) | 0.496 |
| Nitrate | 2 (2.0) | 0 | 2 (3.8) | 0.497 |
| Insulin | 3 (3.0) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.9) | 0.599 |
Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Renal insufficiency was defined as creatinine levels >177 μmol/L. Prior statin, aspirin, or P2Y12 inhibitor use defined as regular statin, aspirin, or P2Y12 inhibitor use before hospitalization. Family history of premature IHD was defined as a diagnosis of IHD in a first-degree relative under the age of 60.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.
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