Table 1. Open in new tab Summary of...

	Acronym of the scale (full name and reference for the first time it was used in AHF patients in the ED setting)	First report using the scale in ED AHF patients	Place where the scale was originally derived	Patients used for scale derivation	Assessed risk	Number of studies published
Derived in ED using AHF patients
1	Score reported by Lee et al.²⁴ (Without acronym)	2010	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	EHMRG⁵⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade)	2012	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality	6
3	EHMRG30-ST⁴⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality – ST depression)	2014	ED	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
4	STRATIFY⁵⁹ (Improving heart failure risk stratification in the emergency department)	2015	ED	AHF patients	30-Day SAE	1
5	EAHFE-3D⁵⁸ (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department – 3 day)	2016	ED	AHF patients	3-Day mortality	3
6	OHFRS⁵⁷ (Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-/14-Day SAEs	2
7	AHFRS³⁹ (Acute Heart Failure Risk Score)	2017	ED	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAEs	1
8	MEESSI-AHF³⁸ (Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-day mortality	12
Derived in ED, but not using exclusively AHF patients
1	CTAS⁵² (Canadian Triage Acuity System)	2011	ED	General ED population	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	CTAS+age+sex⁵² (CTAS plus age plus sex)	2011	ED	General ED population+AHF patients^a	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
3	MTS⁵³ (Manchester Triage System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
4	MAT-SET⁵³ (Triage Andorran Model – Triage Spanish System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
5	ISAR⁴⁹ (Identification of Seniors At Risk)	2020	ED	ED discharged elders (≥65 years)	30-Day mortality	1
Derived using AHF patients, but not in the ED
1	EFFECT-HF⁵⁴ (Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment – Heart Failure)	2012	Hospital wards	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	5
2	BI-EFFECT⁵⁵ (Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2012	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
3	FBI-EFFECT³⁵ (Frailty plus Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2017	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	1
4	GWTG-HS³⁹ (Go With The Guidelines Heart Failure)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	2
5	BWH³⁹ (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1
6	ADHERE³⁹ (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1

Acronym of the scale (full name and reference for the first time it was used in AHF patients in the ED setting)

First report using the scale in ED AHF patients

Place where the scale was originally derived

Patients used for scale derivation

Assessed risk

Number of studies published

Derived in ED using AHF patients

Score reported by Lee et al.²⁴ (Without acronym)

2010

AHF patients

7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality

EHMRG⁵⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade)

2012

AHF patients

7-Day mortality

EHMRG30-ST⁴⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality – ST depression)

2014

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

STRATIFY⁵⁹ (Improving heart failure risk stratification in the emergency department)

2015

AHF patients

30-Day SAE

EAHFE-3D⁵⁸ (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department – 3 day)

2016

AHF patients

3-Day mortality

OHFRS⁵⁷ (Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale)

2017

AHF patients

30-/14-Day SAEs

AHFRS³⁹ (Acute Heart Failure Risk Score)

2017

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAEs

MEESSI-AHF³⁸ (Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department)

2017

AHF patients

30-day mortality

Derived in ED, but not using exclusively AHF patients

CTAS⁵² (Canadian Triage Acuity System)

2011

General ED population

ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality

CTAS+age+sex⁵² (CTAS plus age plus sex)

2011

General ED population+AHF patients^a

ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality

MTS⁵³ (Manchester Triage System)

2016

General ED population

Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation

MAT-SET⁵³ (Triage Andorran Model – Triage Spanish System)

2016

General ED population

Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation

ISAR⁴⁹ (Identification of Seniors At Risk)

2020

ED discharged elders (≥65 years)

30-Day mortality

Derived using AHF patients, but not in the ED

EFFECT-HF⁵⁴ (Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment – Heart Failure)

2012

Hospital wards

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

BI-EFFECT⁵⁵ (Bathel Index plus EFFECT)

2012

Hospital wards+ED^b

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

FBI-EFFECT³⁵ (Frailty plus Bathel Index plus EFFECT)

2017

Hospital wards+ED^b

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

GWTG-HS³⁹ (Go With The Guidelines Heart Failure)

2017

Hospital wards

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE

BWH³⁹ (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)

2017

Hospital wards

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE

ADHERE³⁹ (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry)

2017

Hospital wards

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE

	Acronym of the scale (full name and reference for the first time it was used in AHF patients in the ED setting)	First report using the scale in ED AHF patients	Place where the scale was originally derived	Patients used for scale derivation	Assessed risk	Number of studies published
Derived in ED using AHF patients
1	Score reported by Lee et al.²⁴ (Without acronym)	2010	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	EHMRG⁵⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade)	2012	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality	6
3	EHMRG30-ST⁴⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality – ST depression)	2014	ED	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
4	STRATIFY⁵⁹ (Improving heart failure risk stratification in the emergency department)	2015	ED	AHF patients	30-Day SAE	1
5	EAHFE-3D⁵⁸ (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department – 3 day)	2016	ED	AHF patients	3-Day mortality	3
6	OHFRS⁵⁷ (Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-/14-Day SAEs	2
7	AHFRS³⁹ (Acute Heart Failure Risk Score)	2017	ED	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAEs	1
8	MEESSI-AHF³⁸ (Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-day mortality	12
Derived in ED, but not using exclusively AHF patients
1	CTAS⁵² (Canadian Triage Acuity System)	2011	ED	General ED population	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	CTAS+age+sex⁵² (CTAS plus age plus sex)	2011	ED	General ED population+AHF patients^a	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
3	MTS⁵³ (Manchester Triage System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
4	MAT-SET⁵³ (Triage Andorran Model – Triage Spanish System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
5	ISAR⁴⁹ (Identification of Seniors At Risk)	2020	ED	ED discharged elders (≥65 years)	30-Day mortality	1
Derived using AHF patients, but not in the ED
1	EFFECT-HF⁵⁴ (Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment – Heart Failure)	2012	Hospital wards	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	5
2	BI-EFFECT⁵⁵ (Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2012	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
3	FBI-EFFECT³⁵ (Frailty plus Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2017	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	1
4	GWTG-HS³⁹ (Go With The Guidelines Heart Failure)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	2
5	BWH³⁹ (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1
6	ADHERE³⁹ (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1

Acronym of the scale (full name and reference for the first time it was used in AHF patients in the ED setting)

First report using the scale in ED AHF patients

Place where the scale was originally derived

Patients used for scale derivation

Assessed risk

Number of studies published

Derived in ED using AHF patients

Score reported by Lee et al.²⁴ (Without acronym)

2010

AHF patients

7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality

EHMRG⁵⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade)

2012

AHF patients

7-Day mortality

EHMRG30-ST⁴⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality – ST depression)

2014

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

STRATIFY⁵⁹ (Improving heart failure risk stratification in the emergency department)

2015

AHF patients

30-Day SAE

EAHFE-3D⁵⁸ (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department – 3 day)

2016

AHF patients

3-Day mortality

OHFRS⁵⁷ (Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale)

2017

AHF patients

30-/14-Day SAEs

AHFRS³⁹ (Acute Heart Failure Risk Score)

2017

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAEs

MEESSI-AHF³⁸ (Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department)

2017

AHF patients

30-day mortality

Derived in ED, but not using exclusively AHF patients

CTAS⁵² (Canadian Triage Acuity System)

2011

General ED population

ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality

CTAS+age+sex⁵² (CTAS plus age plus sex)

2011

General ED population+AHF patients^a

ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality

MTS⁵³ (Manchester Triage System)

2016

General ED population

Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation

MAT-SET⁵³ (Triage Andorran Model – Triage Spanish System)

2016

General ED population

Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation

ISAR⁴⁹ (Identification of Seniors At Risk)

2020

ED discharged elders (≥65 years)

30-Day mortality

Derived using AHF patients, but not in the ED

EFFECT-HF⁵⁴ (Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment – Heart Failure)

2012

Hospital wards

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

BI-EFFECT⁵⁵ (Bathel Index plus EFFECT)

2012

Hospital wards+ED^b

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

FBI-EFFECT³⁵ (Frailty plus Bathel Index plus EFFECT)

2017

Hospital wards+ED^b

AHF patients

30-Day mortality

GWTG-HS³⁹ (Go With The Guidelines Heart Failure)

2017

Hospital wards

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE

BWH³⁹ (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)

2017

Hospital wards

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE

ADHERE³⁹ (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry)

2017

Hospital wards

AHF patients

ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Summary of scales for risk stratification that has been tested in the emergency department (ED) in patients with a final diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF) and classification based on their derivation setting.

	Acronym of the scale (full name and reference for the first time it was used in AHF patients in the ED setting)	First report using the scale in ED AHF patients	Place where the scale was originally derived	Patients used for scale derivation	Assessed risk	Number of studies published
Derived in ED using AHF patients
1	Score reported by Lee et al.²⁴ (Without acronym)	2010	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	EHMRG⁵⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade)	2012	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality	6
3	EHMRG30-ST⁴⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality – ST depression)	2014	ED	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
4	STRATIFY⁵⁹ (Improving heart failure risk stratification in the emergency department)	2015	ED	AHF patients	30-Day SAE	1
5	EAHFE-3D⁵⁸ (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department – 3 day)	2016	ED	AHF patients	3-Day mortality	3
6	OHFRS⁵⁷ (Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-/14-Day SAEs	2
7	AHFRS³⁹ (Acute Heart Failure Risk Score)	2017	ED	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAEs	1
8	MEESSI-AHF³⁸ (Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-day mortality	12
Derived in ED, but not using exclusively AHF patients
1	CTAS⁵² (Canadian Triage Acuity System)	2011	ED	General ED population	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	CTAS+age+sex⁵² (CTAS plus age plus sex)	2011	ED	General ED population+AHF patients^a	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
3	MTS⁵³ (Manchester Triage System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
4	MAT-SET⁵³ (Triage Andorran Model – Triage Spanish System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
5	ISAR⁴⁹ (Identification of Seniors At Risk)	2020	ED	ED discharged elders (≥65 years)	30-Day mortality	1
Derived using AHF patients, but not in the ED
1	EFFECT-HF⁵⁴ (Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment – Heart Failure)	2012	Hospital wards	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	5
2	BI-EFFECT⁵⁵ (Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2012	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
3	FBI-EFFECT³⁵ (Frailty plus Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2017	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	1
4	GWTG-HS³⁹ (Go With The Guidelines Heart Failure)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	2
5	BWH³⁹ (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1
6	ADHERE³⁹ (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1

	Acronym of the scale (full name and reference for the first time it was used in AHF patients in the ED setting)	First report using the scale in ED AHF patients	Place where the scale was originally derived	Patients used for scale derivation	Assessed risk	Number of studies published
Derived in ED using AHF patients
1	Score reported by Lee et al.²⁴ (Without acronym)	2010	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	EHMRG⁵⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade)	2012	ED	AHF patients	7-Day mortality	6
3	EHMRG30-ST⁴⁴ (Emergency Heart failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality – ST depression)	2014	ED	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
4	STRATIFY⁵⁹ (Improving heart failure risk stratification in the emergency department)	2015	ED	AHF patients	30-Day SAE	1
5	EAHFE-3D⁵⁸ (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department – 3 day)	2016	ED	AHF patients	3-Day mortality	3
6	OHFRS⁵⁷ (Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-/14-Day SAEs	2
7	AHFRS³⁹ (Acute Heart Failure Risk Score)	2017	ED	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAEs	1
8	MEESSI-AHF³⁸ (Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department)	2017	ED	AHF patients	30-day mortality	12
Derived in ED, but not using exclusively AHF patients
1	CTAS⁵² (Canadian Triage Acuity System)	2011	ED	General ED population	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
2	CTAS+age+sex⁵² (CTAS plus age plus sex)	2011	ED	General ED population+AHF patients^a	ED mortality 1-Day mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality	1
3	MTS⁵³ (Manchester Triage System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
4	MAT-SET⁵³ (Triage Andorran Model – Triage Spanish System)	2016	ED	General ED population	Need of hospitalization In-hospital mortality 3-Day mortality 7-Day mortality 30-Day mortality 30-Day reconsultation	1
5	ISAR⁴⁹ (Identification of Seniors At Risk)	2020	ED	ED discharged elders (≥65 years)	30-Day mortality	1
Derived using AHF patients, but not in the ED
1	EFFECT-HF⁵⁴ (Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment – Heart Failure)	2012	Hospital wards	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	5
2	BI-EFFECT⁵⁵ (Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2012	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	2
3	FBI-EFFECT³⁵ (Frailty plus Bathel Index plus EFFECT)	2017	Hospital wards+ED^b	AHF patients	30-Day mortality	1
4	GWTG-HS³⁹ (Go With The Guidelines Heart Failure)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	2
5	BWH³⁹ (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1
6	ADHERE³⁹ (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry)	2017	Hospital wards	AHF patients	ED/in-hospital/7-day SAE	1

SAE: serious adverse event.

Scale based on previous scale derived in general ED population and therefore slightly modified and tested in patients with AHF

Scale based on a previous scale derived in AHF hospitalised patients and slightly modified by adding some new variables in ED patients.

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