Table 1. Open in new tab Study...

Study

Sample size

Age (years)^†

Female (%)

CKD stage*

DM (%)

CVD (%)

IMT (μm)

Outcome

Comparison

Effect estimate (95% CI)

Follow-up duration (months)

He et al. [15]

128

Hemodialysis

13.3

All-cause mortality

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.010 (1.002–1.217)

Hinderliter et al. [16]

198

Non-hemodialysis

1210

CV events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease)

IMT > 2.6 mm
IMT < 2.6 mm

CV events
HR: 2.75 (1.41–5.38)

Yu et al. [17]

145

45.5

Hemodialysis

13.7

All-cause mortality
CV mortality

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.07 (0.89–1.29)

Karras et al. [18]

439

CKD Stage 3–5, not on dialysis

All-cause mortality
CV events
(cardiac death and coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and heart failure)

IMT >720 μm
IMT <720 μm

All-cause mortality
RR: 3.18 (1.08–9.39)

Nakayama et al. [19]

133

Hemodialysis

CV events
(cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and ischemic heart disease)

Continuous
(per 1000 μm)

Adjusted CV events
HR: 1.83 (0.55–6.63) P = 0.33

Papagianni et al. [20]

112

46.4

Hemodialysis

34.8

All-cause mortality
CV mortality
CV events
(arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure)

IMT >1 mm
IMT <1 mm

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.394 (0.896–2.169)^†
CV mortality
HR: 1.555 (0.883–2.736)^†
CV events
HR: 1.597 (1.061–2.403)^†

Zoungas et al. [25]

207

General CKD

CV events
(cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularization and peripheral vascular
events)

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

CV events
HR: 1.01 (0.94–1.09)

London et al. [21]

30.7

Hemodialysis

8.9

800 ± 98

All-cause mortality

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

All-cause mortality
RR: 1.02 (1.01–1.04)

Kato et al. [22]

219

34.2

Hemodialysis

All-cause mortality
CV mortality

Continuous
(per 100 μm)

All-cause mortality
RR: 1.44 (1.27–1.64); 1.31 (1.07–1.59)
CV mortality
RR: 1.45 (1.25–1.68); 1.41 (1.12–1.78)

Nishizawa et al. [23]

438

Hemodialysis

980 ± 430

CV mortality

IMT >2.0 mm
IMT <2.0 mm

CV mortality
HR: 10.20 (3.67–28.31)^†

Benedetto et al. [24]

138

Hemodialysis

All-cause mortality
CV mortality

Continuous
(per 100 μm)

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.17 (1.05–1.30)
CV mortality
HR: 1.24 (1.06–1.44)

Study

Sample size

Age (years)^†

Female (%)

CKD stage*

DM (%)

CVD (%)

IMT (μm)

Outcome

Comparison

Effect estimate (95% CI)

Follow-up duration (months)

He et al. [15]

128

Hemodialysis

13.3

All-cause mortality

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.010 (1.002–1.217)

Hinderliter et al. [16]

198

Non-hemodialysis

1210

CV events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease)

IMT > 2.6 mm
IMT < 2.6 mm

CV events
HR: 2.75 (1.41–5.38)

Yu et al. [17]

145

45.5

Hemodialysis

13.7

All-cause mortality
CV mortality

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.07 (0.89–1.29)

Karras et al. [18]

439

CKD Stage 3–5, not on dialysis

All-cause mortality
CV events
(cardiac death and coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and heart failure)

IMT >720 μm
IMT <720 μm

All-cause mortality
RR: 3.18 (1.08–9.39)

Nakayama et al. [19]

133

Hemodialysis

CV events
(cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and ischemic heart disease)

Continuous
(per 1000 μm)

Adjusted CV events
HR: 1.83 (0.55–6.63) P = 0.33

Papagianni et al. [20]

112

46.4

Hemodialysis

34.8

All-cause mortality
CV mortality
CV events
(arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure)

IMT >1 mm
IMT <1 mm

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.394 (0.896–2.169)^†
CV mortality
HR: 1.555 (0.883–2.736)^†
CV events
HR: 1.597 (1.061–2.403)^†

Zoungas et al. [25]

207

General CKD

CV events
(cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularization and peripheral vascular
events)

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

CV events
HR: 1.01 (0.94–1.09)

London et al. [21]

30.7

Hemodialysis

8.9

800 ± 98

All-cause mortality

Continuous
(per 1 μm)

All-cause mortality
RR: 1.02 (1.01–1.04)

Kato et al. [22]

219

34.2

Hemodialysis

All-cause mortality
CV mortality

Continuous
(per 100 μm)

All-cause mortality
RR: 1.44 (1.27–1.64); 1.31 (1.07–1.59)
CV mortality
RR: 1.45 (1.25–1.68); 1.41 (1.12–1.78)

Nishizawa et al. [23]

438

Hemodialysis

980 ± 430

CV mortality

IMT >2.0 mm
IMT <2.0 mm

CV mortality
HR: 10.20 (3.67–28.31)^†

Benedetto et al. [24]

138

Hemodialysis

All-cause mortality
CV mortality

Continuous
(per 100 μm)

All-cause mortality
HR: 1.17 (1.05–1.30)
CV mortality
HR: 1.24 (1.06–1.44)

Table 1.

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Study characteristics for studies examining the relationship between cIMT and mortality/morbidity outcomes

Study	Sample size	Age (years)^†	Female (%)	CKD stage*	DM (%)	CVD (%)	IMT (μm)	Outcome	Comparison	Effect estimate (95% CI)	Follow-up duration (months)
He et al. [15]	128	56	54	Hemodialysis	13.3	NA	NA	All-cause mortality	Continuous (per 1 μm)	All-cause mortality HR: 1.010 (1.002–1.217)	24
Hinderliter et al. [16]	198	61	47	Non-hemodialysis	26	42	1210	CV events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease)	IMT > 2.6 mm IMT < 2.6 mm	CV events HR: 2.75 (1.41–5.38)	29
Yu et al. [17]	145	55	45.5	Hemodialysis	11	13.7	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality	Continuous (per 1 μm)	All-cause mortality HR: 1.07 (0.89–1.29)	73
Karras et al. [18]	439	60	26	CKD Stage 3–5, not on dialysis	27	28	NA	All-cause mortality CV events (cardiac death and coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and heart failure)	IMT >720 μm IMT <720 μm	All-cause mortality RR: 3.18 (1.08–9.39)	NA
Nakayama et al. [19]	133	NA	42	Hemodialysis	43	39	NA	CV events (cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and ischemic heart disease)	Continuous (per 1000 μm)	Adjusted CV events HR: 1.83 (0.55–6.63) P = 0.33	49
Papagianni et al. [20]	112	59	46.4	Hemodialysis	NA	34.8	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality CV events (arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure)	IMT >1 mm IMT <1 mm	All-cause mortality HR: 1.394 (0.896–2.169)^† CV mortality HR: 1.555 (0.883–2.736)^† CV events HR: 1.597 (1.061–2.403)^†	46
Zoungas et al. [25]	207	57	32	General CKD	NA	72	NA	CV events (cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularization and peripheral vascular events)	Continuous (per 1 μm)	CV events HR: 1.01 (0.94–1.09)	60
London et al. [21]	78	54	30.7	Hemodialysis	8.9	0	800 ± 98	All-cause mortality	Continuous (per 1 μm)	All-cause mortality RR: 1.02 (1.01–1.04)	60
Kato et al. [22]	219	58	34.2	Hemodialysis	16	NA	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality	Continuous (per 100 μm)	All-cause mortality RR: 1.44 (1.27–1.64); 1.31 (1.07–1.59) CV mortality RR: 1.45 (1.25–1.68); 1.41 (1.12–1.78)	60
Nishizawa et al. [23]	438	60	40	Hemodialysis	30	NA	980 ± 430	CV mortality	IMT >2.0 mm IMT <2.0 mm	CV mortality HR: 10.20 (3.67–28.31)^†	30
Benedetto et al. [24]	138	60	41	Hemodialysis	14	57	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality	Continuous (per 100 μm)	All-cause mortality HR: 1.17 (1.05–1.30) CV mortality HR: 1.24 (1.06–1.44)	30

Study	Sample size	Age (years)^†	Female (%)	CKD stage*	DM (%)	CVD (%)	IMT (μm)	Outcome	Comparison	Effect estimate (95% CI)	Follow-up duration (months)
He et al. [15]	128	56	54	Hemodialysis	13.3	NA	NA	All-cause mortality	Continuous (per 1 μm)	All-cause mortality HR: 1.010 (1.002–1.217)	24
Hinderliter et al. [16]	198	61	47	Non-hemodialysis	26	42	1210	CV events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease)	IMT > 2.6 mm IMT < 2.6 mm	CV events HR: 2.75 (1.41–5.38)	29
Yu et al. [17]	145	55	45.5	Hemodialysis	11	13.7	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality	Continuous (per 1 μm)	All-cause mortality HR: 1.07 (0.89–1.29)	73
Karras et al. [18]	439	60	26	CKD Stage 3–5, not on dialysis	27	28	NA	All-cause mortality CV events (cardiac death and coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and heart failure)	IMT >720 μm IMT <720 μm	All-cause mortality RR: 3.18 (1.08–9.39)	NA
Nakayama et al. [19]	133	NA	42	Hemodialysis	43	39	NA	CV events (cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and ischemic heart disease)	Continuous (per 1000 μm)	Adjusted CV events HR: 1.83 (0.55–6.63) P = 0.33	49
Papagianni et al. [20]	112	59	46.4	Hemodialysis	NA	34.8	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality CV events (arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure)	IMT >1 mm IMT <1 mm	All-cause mortality HR: 1.394 (0.896–2.169)^† CV mortality HR: 1.555 (0.883–2.736)^† CV events HR: 1.597 (1.061–2.403)^†	46
Zoungas et al. [25]	207	57	32	General CKD	NA	72	NA	CV events (cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularization and peripheral vascular events)	Continuous (per 1 μm)	CV events HR: 1.01 (0.94–1.09)	60
London et al. [21]	78	54	30.7	Hemodialysis	8.9	0	800 ± 98	All-cause mortality	Continuous (per 1 μm)	All-cause mortality RR: 1.02 (1.01–1.04)	60
Kato et al. [22]	219	58	34.2	Hemodialysis	16	NA	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality	Continuous (per 100 μm)	All-cause mortality RR: 1.44 (1.27–1.64); 1.31 (1.07–1.59) CV mortality RR: 1.45 (1.25–1.68); 1.41 (1.12–1.78)	60
Nishizawa et al. [23]	438	60	40	Hemodialysis	30	NA	980 ± 430	CV mortality	IMT >2.0 mm IMT <2.0 mm	CV mortality HR: 10.20 (3.67–28.31)^†	30
Benedetto et al. [24]	138	60	41	Hemodialysis	14	57	NA	All-cause mortality CV mortality	Continuous (per 100 μm)	All-cause mortality HR: 1.17 (1.05–1.30) CV mortality HR: 1.24 (1.06–1.44)	30

DM, diabetes mellitus.

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