Clinical Characteristics in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Uninfected Controls
| Characteristic . | PLWH (n = 432) . | Controls (n = 1618) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 50.7 (11.1) | 53.8 (10.6) | < .001 |
| Sex (male) | 369 (85.4) | 1307 (80.8) | .032 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 177 (8.8) | 177 (8.4) | .251 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Scandinavian | 326 (75.5) | 1493 (92.3) | < .001 |
| Other European | 52 (12.0) | 108 (6.7) | |
| Other | 46 (10.6) | 4 (0.2) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smokers | 118 (27.3) | 263 (16.3) | < .001 |
| Former smokers | 154 (35.6) | 594 (36.7) | |
| Never smokers | 153 (35.4) | 758 (46.8) | |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FEV1, L, mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | .103 |
| FEV1 ≥80% predicted | 349 (81.9) | 1382 (86.5) | .016 |
| FEV1 50%–79% predicted | 71 (16.7) | 183 (11.5) | |
| FEV1 30%–49% predicted | 6 (1.4) | 25 (1.6) | |
| FEV1 <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 8 (0.5) | |
| FVC, L, mean (SD) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.0) | < .001 |
| FVC ≥80% predicted | 376 (88.3) | 1479 (92.6) | .021 |
| FVC 50%–79% predicted | 48 (11.3) | 111 (6.9) | |
| FVC 30%–49% predicted | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | |
| FVC <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC < LLN | 64 (14.8) | 195 (12.1) | .142 |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <80% predicted | 37 (8.6) | 131 (8.1) | .852 |
| Self-reported outcomes | |||
| Asthma | 30 (7.0) | 91 (5.6) | .286 |
| Allergy | 99 (26.0) | 427 (26.4) | .625 |
| Use of airway medication | 27 (6.6) | 88 (5.4) | .429 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| IgE IU/mL, median (IQR) | 15.0 (3.0–51.0) | 21.0 (7.0–60.0) | < .001 |
| Blood eosinophils 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 0.16 (0.10–0.23) | 0.17 (0.11–0.25) | .038 |
| HIV variables | |||
| Current CD4 count/µL, mean (SD) | 711 (275) | NA | |
| CD4 nadir <200 cells/µL | 179 (41.4) | NA | |
| Current cART use | 420 (97.4) | NA | |
| HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | 408 (94.4) | NA |
| Characteristic . | PLWH (n = 432) . | Controls (n = 1618) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 50.7 (11.1) | 53.8 (10.6) | < .001 |
| Sex (male) | 369 (85.4) | 1307 (80.8) | .032 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 177 (8.8) | 177 (8.4) | .251 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Scandinavian | 326 (75.5) | 1493 (92.3) | < .001 |
| Other European | 52 (12.0) | 108 (6.7) | |
| Other | 46 (10.6) | 4 (0.2) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smokers | 118 (27.3) | 263 (16.3) | < .001 |
| Former smokers | 154 (35.6) | 594 (36.7) | |
| Never smokers | 153 (35.4) | 758 (46.8) | |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FEV1, L, mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | .103 |
| FEV1 ≥80% predicted | 349 (81.9) | 1382 (86.5) | .016 |
| FEV1 50%–79% predicted | 71 (16.7) | 183 (11.5) | |
| FEV1 30%–49% predicted | 6 (1.4) | 25 (1.6) | |
| FEV1 <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 8 (0.5) | |
| FVC, L, mean (SD) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.0) | < .001 |
| FVC ≥80% predicted | 376 (88.3) | 1479 (92.6) | .021 |
| FVC 50%–79% predicted | 48 (11.3) | 111 (6.9) | |
| FVC 30%–49% predicted | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | |
| FVC <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC < LLN | 64 (14.8) | 195 (12.1) | .142 |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <80% predicted | 37 (8.6) | 131 (8.1) | .852 |
| Self-reported outcomes | |||
| Asthma | 30 (7.0) | 91 (5.6) | .286 |
| Allergy | 99 (26.0) | 427 (26.4) | .625 |
| Use of airway medication | 27 (6.6) | 88 (5.4) | .429 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| IgE IU/mL, median (IQR) | 15.0 (3.0–51.0) | 21.0 (7.0–60.0) | < .001 |
| Blood eosinophils 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 0.16 (0.10–0.23) | 0.17 (0.11–0.25) | .038 |
| HIV variables | |||
| Current CD4 count/µL, mean (SD) | 711 (275) | NA | |
| CD4 nadir <200 cells/µL | 179 (41.4) | NA | |
| Current cART use | 420 (97.4) | NA | |
| HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | 408 (94.4) | NA |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IgE, immunoglobulin E; IQR, interquartile range; LLN, lower limit of normal; NA, not applicable; PLWH, people living with human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
Clinical Characteristics in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Uninfected Controls
| Characteristic . | PLWH (n = 432) . | Controls (n = 1618) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 50.7 (11.1) | 53.8 (10.6) | < .001 |
| Sex (male) | 369 (85.4) | 1307 (80.8) | .032 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 177 (8.8) | 177 (8.4) | .251 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Scandinavian | 326 (75.5) | 1493 (92.3) | < .001 |
| Other European | 52 (12.0) | 108 (6.7) | |
| Other | 46 (10.6) | 4 (0.2) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smokers | 118 (27.3) | 263 (16.3) | < .001 |
| Former smokers | 154 (35.6) | 594 (36.7) | |
| Never smokers | 153 (35.4) | 758 (46.8) | |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FEV1, L, mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | .103 |
| FEV1 ≥80% predicted | 349 (81.9) | 1382 (86.5) | .016 |
| FEV1 50%–79% predicted | 71 (16.7) | 183 (11.5) | |
| FEV1 30%–49% predicted | 6 (1.4) | 25 (1.6) | |
| FEV1 <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 8 (0.5) | |
| FVC, L, mean (SD) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.0) | < .001 |
| FVC ≥80% predicted | 376 (88.3) | 1479 (92.6) | .021 |
| FVC 50%–79% predicted | 48 (11.3) | 111 (6.9) | |
| FVC 30%–49% predicted | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | |
| FVC <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC < LLN | 64 (14.8) | 195 (12.1) | .142 |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <80% predicted | 37 (8.6) | 131 (8.1) | .852 |
| Self-reported outcomes | |||
| Asthma | 30 (7.0) | 91 (5.6) | .286 |
| Allergy | 99 (26.0) | 427 (26.4) | .625 |
| Use of airway medication | 27 (6.6) | 88 (5.4) | .429 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| IgE IU/mL, median (IQR) | 15.0 (3.0–51.0) | 21.0 (7.0–60.0) | < .001 |
| Blood eosinophils 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 0.16 (0.10–0.23) | 0.17 (0.11–0.25) | .038 |
| HIV variables | |||
| Current CD4 count/µL, mean (SD) | 711 (275) | NA | |
| CD4 nadir <200 cells/µL | 179 (41.4) | NA | |
| Current cART use | 420 (97.4) | NA | |
| HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | 408 (94.4) | NA |
| Characteristic . | PLWH (n = 432) . | Controls (n = 1618) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 50.7 (11.1) | 53.8 (10.6) | < .001 |
| Sex (male) | 369 (85.4) | 1307 (80.8) | .032 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 177 (8.8) | 177 (8.4) | .251 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Scandinavian | 326 (75.5) | 1493 (92.3) | < .001 |
| Other European | 52 (12.0) | 108 (6.7) | |
| Other | 46 (10.6) | 4 (0.2) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smokers | 118 (27.3) | 263 (16.3) | < .001 |
| Former smokers | 154 (35.6) | 594 (36.7) | |
| Never smokers | 153 (35.4) | 758 (46.8) | |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FEV1, L, mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | .103 |
| FEV1 ≥80% predicted | 349 (81.9) | 1382 (86.5) | .016 |
| FEV1 50%–79% predicted | 71 (16.7) | 183 (11.5) | |
| FEV1 30%–49% predicted | 6 (1.4) | 25 (1.6) | |
| FEV1 <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 8 (0.5) | |
| FVC, L, mean (SD) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.0) | < .001 |
| FVC ≥80% predicted | 376 (88.3) | 1479 (92.6) | .021 |
| FVC 50%–79% predicted | 48 (11.3) | 111 (6.9) | |
| FVC 30%–49% predicted | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | |
| FVC <30% predicted | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC < LLN | 64 (14.8) | 195 (12.1) | .142 |
| Airflow limitation: FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <80% predicted | 37 (8.6) | 131 (8.1) | .852 |
| Self-reported outcomes | |||
| Asthma | 30 (7.0) | 91 (5.6) | .286 |
| Allergy | 99 (26.0) | 427 (26.4) | .625 |
| Use of airway medication | 27 (6.6) | 88 (5.4) | .429 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| IgE IU/mL, median (IQR) | 15.0 (3.0–51.0) | 21.0 (7.0–60.0) | < .001 |
| Blood eosinophils 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 0.16 (0.10–0.23) | 0.17 (0.11–0.25) | .038 |
| HIV variables | |||
| Current CD4 count/µL, mean (SD) | 711 (275) | NA | |
| CD4 nadir <200 cells/µL | 179 (41.4) | NA | |
| Current cART use | 420 (97.4) | NA | |
| HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | 408 (94.4) | NA |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IgE, immunoglobulin E; IQR, interquartile range; LLN, lower limit of normal; NA, not applicable; PLWH, people living with human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
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