Formulae and ecological meanings of the four RIIs, their type (i.e. direct or indirect RIIs), name and calculation according to the formula of Armas et al. (2004), as the relative difference in the performances of forbs between treatments.
| Type . | Name . | Calculations . | Ecological meaning . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct RII | RIIShrub | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Fenced) | Direct facilitation of the shrub |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Fenced) | Graminoid-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + herbi | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Grazed) | Herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram + herbi | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Grazed) | Graminoid and herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Type . | Name . | Calculations . | Ecological meaning . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct RII | RIIShrub | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Fenced) | Direct facilitation of the shrub |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Fenced) | Graminoid-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + herbi | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Grazed) | Herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram + herbi | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Grazed) | Graminoid and herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
Formulae and ecological meanings of the four RIIs, their type (i.e. direct or indirect RIIs), name and calculation according to the formula of Armas et al. (2004), as the relative difference in the performances of forbs between treatments.
| Type . | Name . | Calculations . | Ecological meaning . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct RII | RIIShrub | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Fenced) | Direct facilitation of the shrub |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Fenced) | Graminoid-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + herbi | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Grazed) | Herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram + herbi | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Grazed) | Graminoid and herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Type . | Name . | Calculations . | Ecological meaning . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct RII | RIIShrub | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Fenced) | Direct facilitation of the shrub |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Fenced) | Graminoid-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + herbi | Shrub without graminoids and without shrub without graminoids (Grazed) | Herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
| Indirect RII | RIIShrub + gram + herbi | Shrub with graminoids and without shrub with graminoids (Grazed) | Graminoid and herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation |
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