| Variable . | HIV-Uninfected (n = 461) . | PLWH, ART-Naive (n = 388) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 35.9 (10.9) | 36.1 (9.3) | .756 |
| Female sex | 306 (66.5%) | 278 (72.0%) | .085 |
| Current CD4 T-cell count, cells/μL, mean (SD) | 898.6 (275.8) | 438.7 (300.1) | <.0001 |
| ART duration, mo | NA | NA | |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 71.6 (14.0) | 76.9 (14.6) | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.3 (4.7) | 23.0 (5.4) | .350 |
| <18.5 | 55 (12.0%) | 68 (17.6%) | .014 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 253 (55.1%) | 219 (56.7%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 107 (23.3%) | 54 (14.0%) | |
| ≥30 | 44 (9.6%) | 45 (11.7%) | |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 82.0 (11.2) | 80.7 (10.9) | .076 |
| Central obesity (IDFa) | 190 (41.2%) | 125 (32.2%) | .007 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 124.7 (18.5) | 115.5 (17.0) | <.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 79.4 (11.8) | 75.8 (10.9) | <.0001 |
| Hypertensionb | 159 (34.8%) | 71 (19.1%) | <.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.4) | 8.9 (6.5) | |
| Diabetes | 5 (1.1%) | 8 (2.1%) | .588 |
| Diet | .246 | ||
| Vegetables, servings/week | 2.5 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.7) | |
| Fruits, servings/week | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.7) | .028 |
| Current smoker | 26 (5.6%) | 16 (4.1%) | .263 |
| Current alcohol use | 13 (2.8%) | 32 (8.3%) | .310 |
| Exerciseb, days/wk, mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.3) | <.0001 |
| Education | .833 | ||
| Primary school or less | 339 (73.7%) | 311 (80.6%) | .024 |
| Secondary school | 104 (22.6%) | 61 (15.8%) | |
| College or university | 17 (3.7%) | 14 (3.6%) | |
| Water source | |||
| Running water in house | 212 (46.1%) | 181 (46.9%) | .815 |
| Other | 248 (53.9%) | 205 (53.1%) |
| Variable . | HIV-Uninfected (n = 461) . | PLWH, ART-Naive (n = 388) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 35.9 (10.9) | 36.1 (9.3) | .756 |
| Female sex | 306 (66.5%) | 278 (72.0%) | .085 |
| Current CD4 T-cell count, cells/μL, mean (SD) | 898.6 (275.8) | 438.7 (300.1) | <.0001 |
| ART duration, mo | NA | NA | |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 71.6 (14.0) | 76.9 (14.6) | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.3 (4.7) | 23.0 (5.4) | .350 |
| <18.5 | 55 (12.0%) | 68 (17.6%) | .014 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 253 (55.1%) | 219 (56.7%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 107 (23.3%) | 54 (14.0%) | |
| ≥30 | 44 (9.6%) | 45 (11.7%) | |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 82.0 (11.2) | 80.7 (10.9) | .076 |
| Central obesity (IDFa) | 190 (41.2%) | 125 (32.2%) | .007 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 124.7 (18.5) | 115.5 (17.0) | <.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 79.4 (11.8) | 75.8 (10.9) | <.0001 |
| Hypertensionb | 159 (34.8%) | 71 (19.1%) | <.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.4) | 8.9 (6.5) | |
| Diabetes | 5 (1.1%) | 8 (2.1%) | .588 |
| Diet | .246 | ||
| Vegetables, servings/week | 2.5 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.7) | |
| Fruits, servings/week | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.7) | .028 |
| Current smoker | 26 (5.6%) | 16 (4.1%) | .263 |
| Current alcohol use | 13 (2.8%) | 32 (8.3%) | .310 |
| Exerciseb, days/wk, mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.3) | <.0001 |
| Education | .833 | ||
| Primary school or less | 339 (73.7%) | 311 (80.6%) | .024 |
| Secondary school | 104 (22.6%) | 61 (15.8%) | |
| College or university | 17 (3.7%) | 14 (3.6%) | |
| Water source | |||
| Running water in house | 212 (46.1%) | 181 (46.9%) | .815 |
| Other | 248 (53.9%) | 205 (53.1%) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Linear regression for continuous variables, logistic regression for binary, and ordinal logistic regression for hierarchical groups (P < .05 in bold).
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; NA, not applicable; PLWH, people living with human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
aIDF: >80 cm and >94 cm for women and men, respectively.
bHypertension: American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology, systolic >130 mm Hg and/or diastolic >80 mm Hg (average of 2 separate readings).
cExercise: at least 10 minutes per day.
| Variable . | HIV-Uninfected (n = 461) . | PLWH, ART-Naive (n = 388) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 35.9 (10.9) | 36.1 (9.3) | .756 |
| Female sex | 306 (66.5%) | 278 (72.0%) | .085 |
| Current CD4 T-cell count, cells/μL, mean (SD) | 898.6 (275.8) | 438.7 (300.1) | <.0001 |
| ART duration, mo | NA | NA | |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 71.6 (14.0) | 76.9 (14.6) | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.3 (4.7) | 23.0 (5.4) | .350 |
| <18.5 | 55 (12.0%) | 68 (17.6%) | .014 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 253 (55.1%) | 219 (56.7%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 107 (23.3%) | 54 (14.0%) | |
| ≥30 | 44 (9.6%) | 45 (11.7%) | |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 82.0 (11.2) | 80.7 (10.9) | .076 |
| Central obesity (IDFa) | 190 (41.2%) | 125 (32.2%) | .007 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 124.7 (18.5) | 115.5 (17.0) | <.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 79.4 (11.8) | 75.8 (10.9) | <.0001 |
| Hypertensionb | 159 (34.8%) | 71 (19.1%) | <.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.4) | 8.9 (6.5) | |
| Diabetes | 5 (1.1%) | 8 (2.1%) | .588 |
| Diet | .246 | ||
| Vegetables, servings/week | 2.5 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.7) | |
| Fruits, servings/week | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.7) | .028 |
| Current smoker | 26 (5.6%) | 16 (4.1%) | .263 |
| Current alcohol use | 13 (2.8%) | 32 (8.3%) | .310 |
| Exerciseb, days/wk, mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.3) | <.0001 |
| Education | .833 | ||
| Primary school or less | 339 (73.7%) | 311 (80.6%) | .024 |
| Secondary school | 104 (22.6%) | 61 (15.8%) | |
| College or university | 17 (3.7%) | 14 (3.6%) | |
| Water source | |||
| Running water in house | 212 (46.1%) | 181 (46.9%) | .815 |
| Other | 248 (53.9%) | 205 (53.1%) |
| Variable . | HIV-Uninfected (n = 461) . | PLWH, ART-Naive (n = 388) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 35.9 (10.9) | 36.1 (9.3) | .756 |
| Female sex | 306 (66.5%) | 278 (72.0%) | .085 |
| Current CD4 T-cell count, cells/μL, mean (SD) | 898.6 (275.8) | 438.7 (300.1) | <.0001 |
| ART duration, mo | NA | NA | |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 71.6 (14.0) | 76.9 (14.6) | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.3 (4.7) | 23.0 (5.4) | .350 |
| <18.5 | 55 (12.0%) | 68 (17.6%) | .014 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 253 (55.1%) | 219 (56.7%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 107 (23.3%) | 54 (14.0%) | |
| ≥30 | 44 (9.6%) | 45 (11.7%) | |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 82.0 (11.2) | 80.7 (10.9) | .076 |
| Central obesity (IDFa) | 190 (41.2%) | 125 (32.2%) | .007 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 124.7 (18.5) | 115.5 (17.0) | <.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 79.4 (11.8) | 75.8 (10.9) | <.0001 |
| Hypertensionb | 159 (34.8%) | 71 (19.1%) | <.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.4) | 8.9 (6.5) | |
| Diabetes | 5 (1.1%) | 8 (2.1%) | .588 |
| Diet | .246 | ||
| Vegetables, servings/week | 2.5 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.7) | |
| Fruits, servings/week | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.7) | .028 |
| Current smoker | 26 (5.6%) | 16 (4.1%) | .263 |
| Current alcohol use | 13 (2.8%) | 32 (8.3%) | .310 |
| Exerciseb, days/wk, mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.3) | <.0001 |
| Education | .833 | ||
| Primary school or less | 339 (73.7%) | 311 (80.6%) | .024 |
| Secondary school | 104 (22.6%) | 61 (15.8%) | |
| College or university | 17 (3.7%) | 14 (3.6%) | |
| Water source | |||
| Running water in house | 212 (46.1%) | 181 (46.9%) | .815 |
| Other | 248 (53.9%) | 205 (53.1%) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Linear regression for continuous variables, logistic regression for binary, and ordinal logistic regression for hierarchical groups (P < .05 in bold).
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; NA, not applicable; PLWH, people living with human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
aIDF: >80 cm and >94 cm for women and men, respectively.
bHypertension: American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology, systolic >130 mm Hg and/or diastolic >80 mm Hg (average of 2 separate readings).
cExercise: at least 10 minutes per day.
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