| Characteristic . | RTRs . | Non-RTRs . | P-valuea . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | RTRs versus Non-RTRs . | . | . | . | ||||
| . | All RTRs . | RTRs with AKI . | RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | All non-RTRs . | Non-RTRs with AKI . | Non-RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | . |
| (n = 83) | (n = 38) | (n = 45) | – | (n = 83) | (n = 23) | (n = 60) | – | – | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age [median (IQR)], year | 60 (51–67) | 60 (51–67) | 60 (53–66) | 0.98 | 60 (52–66) | 60 (55–68) | 59 (51–65) | 0.23 | 0.81 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 24 (29) | 12 (32) | 12 (27) | 0.64 | 23 (28) | 4 (17) | 19 (32) | 0.28 | 1.00 |
| White race, n (%) | 70 (84) | 33 (87) | 37 (82) | 0.76 | 72 (87) | 17 (74) | 55 (92) | 0.06 | 0.83 |
| Hospital | 0.82 | 0.14 | 0.12 | ||||||
| Brigham and Women’s Hospital | 37 (45) | 16 (42) | 21 (47) | – | 48 (58) | 10 (43) | 38 (63) | – | – |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | – | 35 (42) | 13 (57) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| Preop renal functionb | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.07 | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.7) | 0.35 | 0.38 |
| eGFR, median (IQR)c | 46 (35–60) | 45 (33–57) | 47 (38–64) | 0.14 | 48 (39–63) | 47 (35–62) | 49 (40–63) | 0.39 | 0.45 |
| Comorbidities, n (%)d | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (77) | 26 (68) | 38 (84) | 0.12 | 56 (67) | 17 (74) | 39 (65) | 0.60 | 0.22 |
| HTN | 79 (95) | 35 (92) | 44 (98) | 0.33 | 67 (81) | 18 (78) | 49 (82) | 0.76 | 0.007 |
| Congestive heart failure | 35 (42) | 18 (47) | 17 (38) | 0.50 | 43 (52) | 11 (48) | 32 (53) | 0.81 | 0.28 |
| DM | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | 0.82 | 29 (35) | 7 (30) | 22 (37) | 0.80 | 0.01 |
| COPD | 11 (13) | 5 (13) | 6 (13) | 1.00 | 10 (12) | 2 (9) | 8 (13) | 0.72 | 1.00 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 18 (22) | 6 (16) | 12 (27) | 0.29 | 9 (11) | 4 (17) | 5 (8) | 0.25 | 0.67 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (18) | 9 (24) | 6 (13) | 0.26 | 12 (14) | 3 (13) | 9 (15) | 1.00 | 0.53 |
| Active malignancy | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | − | 0.50 |
| Obesitye | 23/74 (31) | 11/32 (34) | 12/42 (29) | 0.62 | 33/76 (43) | 10/21 (48) | 23/55 (42) | 0.80 | 0.13 |
| Anemiaf | 12 (14) | 8 (21) | 4 (9) | 0.13 | 12 (14) | 5 (22) | 7 (12) | 0.30 | 1.00 |
| Current or former smoker | 39 (47) | 18 (47) | 21 (47) | 0.98 | 30 (36) | 9 (39) | 21 (35) | 0.94 | 0.07 |
| Preop medications, n (%)g | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ACEi or ARB | 32 (39) | 11 (29) | 21 (47) | 0.12 | 36 (43) | 10 (43) | 26 (43) | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| Diuretic | 39 (47) | 21 (55) | 18 (40) | 0.19 | 33 (40) | 13 (57) | 20 (33) | 0.08 | 0.43 |
| Statin | 58 (70) | 25 (66) | 33 (73) | 0.48 | 41 (49) | 13 (57) | 28 (47) | 0.47 | 0.01 |
| Operation data | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | – | – | – | 0.06 | – | – | – | 0.06 | 1.00 |
| CABG alone | 40 (48) | 13 (34) | 27 (60) | – | 40 (48) | 8 (35) | 32 (53) | – | – |
| Valve alone | 30 (36) | 18 (47) | 12 (27) | – | 30 (36) | 8 (35) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| CABG + valve | 13 (16) | 7 (18) | 6 (13) | – | 13 (16) | 7 (30) | 6 (10) | – | – |
| Urgent/emergent procedure, n (%) | 32 (39) | 14 (37) | 18 (40) | 0.92 | 34 (41) | 9 (39) | 25 (42) | 0.94 | 0.86 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, n (%) | 6 (7) | 4 (11) | 2 (4) | 0.41 | 15 (18) | 6 (26) | 9 (15) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
| CPB time, median (IQR), min | 120 (91–157) | 130 (100–186) | 115 (86–150) | 0.07 | 126 (99–174) | 172 (122–261) | 118 (90–150) | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| Cross-clamp time, median (IQR), min | 93 (61–120) | 104 (73–133) | 91 (53–110) | 0.15 | 95 (71–133) | 133 (97–181) | 89 (64–119) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days | 12 (7–19) | 16 (8–21) | 10 (7–14) | 0.02 | 11 (7–19) | 18 (11–22) | 9 (6–16) | 0.008 | 0.34 |
| Characteristic . | RTRs . | Non-RTRs . | P-valuea . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | RTRs versus Non-RTRs . | . | . | . | ||||
| . | All RTRs . | RTRs with AKI . | RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | All non-RTRs . | Non-RTRs with AKI . | Non-RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | . |
| (n = 83) | (n = 38) | (n = 45) | – | (n = 83) | (n = 23) | (n = 60) | – | – | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age [median (IQR)], year | 60 (51–67) | 60 (51–67) | 60 (53–66) | 0.98 | 60 (52–66) | 60 (55–68) | 59 (51–65) | 0.23 | 0.81 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 24 (29) | 12 (32) | 12 (27) | 0.64 | 23 (28) | 4 (17) | 19 (32) | 0.28 | 1.00 |
| White race, n (%) | 70 (84) | 33 (87) | 37 (82) | 0.76 | 72 (87) | 17 (74) | 55 (92) | 0.06 | 0.83 |
| Hospital | 0.82 | 0.14 | 0.12 | ||||||
| Brigham and Women’s Hospital | 37 (45) | 16 (42) | 21 (47) | – | 48 (58) | 10 (43) | 38 (63) | – | – |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | – | 35 (42) | 13 (57) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| Preop renal functionb | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.07 | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.7) | 0.35 | 0.38 |
| eGFR, median (IQR)c | 46 (35–60) | 45 (33–57) | 47 (38–64) | 0.14 | 48 (39–63) | 47 (35–62) | 49 (40–63) | 0.39 | 0.45 |
| Comorbidities, n (%)d | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (77) | 26 (68) | 38 (84) | 0.12 | 56 (67) | 17 (74) | 39 (65) | 0.60 | 0.22 |
| HTN | 79 (95) | 35 (92) | 44 (98) | 0.33 | 67 (81) | 18 (78) | 49 (82) | 0.76 | 0.007 |
| Congestive heart failure | 35 (42) | 18 (47) | 17 (38) | 0.50 | 43 (52) | 11 (48) | 32 (53) | 0.81 | 0.28 |
| DM | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | 0.82 | 29 (35) | 7 (30) | 22 (37) | 0.80 | 0.01 |
| COPD | 11 (13) | 5 (13) | 6 (13) | 1.00 | 10 (12) | 2 (9) | 8 (13) | 0.72 | 1.00 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 18 (22) | 6 (16) | 12 (27) | 0.29 | 9 (11) | 4 (17) | 5 (8) | 0.25 | 0.67 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (18) | 9 (24) | 6 (13) | 0.26 | 12 (14) | 3 (13) | 9 (15) | 1.00 | 0.53 |
| Active malignancy | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | − | 0.50 |
| Obesitye | 23/74 (31) | 11/32 (34) | 12/42 (29) | 0.62 | 33/76 (43) | 10/21 (48) | 23/55 (42) | 0.80 | 0.13 |
| Anemiaf | 12 (14) | 8 (21) | 4 (9) | 0.13 | 12 (14) | 5 (22) | 7 (12) | 0.30 | 1.00 |
| Current or former smoker | 39 (47) | 18 (47) | 21 (47) | 0.98 | 30 (36) | 9 (39) | 21 (35) | 0.94 | 0.07 |
| Preop medications, n (%)g | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ACEi or ARB | 32 (39) | 11 (29) | 21 (47) | 0.12 | 36 (43) | 10 (43) | 26 (43) | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| Diuretic | 39 (47) | 21 (55) | 18 (40) | 0.19 | 33 (40) | 13 (57) | 20 (33) | 0.08 | 0.43 |
| Statin | 58 (70) | 25 (66) | 33 (73) | 0.48 | 41 (49) | 13 (57) | 28 (47) | 0.47 | 0.01 |
| Operation data | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | – | – | – | 0.06 | – | – | – | 0.06 | 1.00 |
| CABG alone | 40 (48) | 13 (34) | 27 (60) | – | 40 (48) | 8 (35) | 32 (53) | – | – |
| Valve alone | 30 (36) | 18 (47) | 12 (27) | – | 30 (36) | 8 (35) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| CABG + valve | 13 (16) | 7 (18) | 6 (13) | – | 13 (16) | 7 (30) | 6 (10) | – | – |
| Urgent/emergent procedure, n (%) | 32 (39) | 14 (37) | 18 (40) | 0.92 | 34 (41) | 9 (39) | 25 (42) | 0.94 | 0.86 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, n (%) | 6 (7) | 4 (11) | 2 (4) | 0.41 | 15 (18) | 6 (26) | 9 (15) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
| CPB time, median (IQR), min | 120 (91–157) | 130 (100–186) | 115 (86–150) | 0.07 | 126 (99–174) | 172 (122–261) | 118 (90–150) | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| Cross-clamp time, median (IQR), min | 93 (61–120) | 104 (73–133) | 91 (53–110) | 0.15 | 95 (71–133) | 133 (97–181) | 89 (64–119) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days | 12 (7–19) | 16 (8–21) | 10 (7–14) | 0.02 | 11 (7–19) | 18 (11–22) | 9 (6–16) | 0.008 | 0.34 |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
P-value comparing all RTRs vs all non-RTRs.
bPreop creatinine and eGFR were defined as the most recent values measured prior to surgery.
ceGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation.
dComorbidities were assessed at the time of cardiac surgery.
eObesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
fAnemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL for the most recent value measured prior to surgery.
gIncluded if received within 24 h prior to surgery.
| Characteristic . | RTRs . | Non-RTRs . | P-valuea . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | RTRs versus Non-RTRs . | . | . | . | ||||
| . | All RTRs . | RTRs with AKI . | RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | All non-RTRs . | Non-RTRs with AKI . | Non-RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | . |
| (n = 83) | (n = 38) | (n = 45) | – | (n = 83) | (n = 23) | (n = 60) | – | – | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age [median (IQR)], year | 60 (51–67) | 60 (51–67) | 60 (53–66) | 0.98 | 60 (52–66) | 60 (55–68) | 59 (51–65) | 0.23 | 0.81 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 24 (29) | 12 (32) | 12 (27) | 0.64 | 23 (28) | 4 (17) | 19 (32) | 0.28 | 1.00 |
| White race, n (%) | 70 (84) | 33 (87) | 37 (82) | 0.76 | 72 (87) | 17 (74) | 55 (92) | 0.06 | 0.83 |
| Hospital | 0.82 | 0.14 | 0.12 | ||||||
| Brigham and Women’s Hospital | 37 (45) | 16 (42) | 21 (47) | – | 48 (58) | 10 (43) | 38 (63) | – | – |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | – | 35 (42) | 13 (57) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| Preop renal functionb | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.07 | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.7) | 0.35 | 0.38 |
| eGFR, median (IQR)c | 46 (35–60) | 45 (33–57) | 47 (38–64) | 0.14 | 48 (39–63) | 47 (35–62) | 49 (40–63) | 0.39 | 0.45 |
| Comorbidities, n (%)d | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (77) | 26 (68) | 38 (84) | 0.12 | 56 (67) | 17 (74) | 39 (65) | 0.60 | 0.22 |
| HTN | 79 (95) | 35 (92) | 44 (98) | 0.33 | 67 (81) | 18 (78) | 49 (82) | 0.76 | 0.007 |
| Congestive heart failure | 35 (42) | 18 (47) | 17 (38) | 0.50 | 43 (52) | 11 (48) | 32 (53) | 0.81 | 0.28 |
| DM | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | 0.82 | 29 (35) | 7 (30) | 22 (37) | 0.80 | 0.01 |
| COPD | 11 (13) | 5 (13) | 6 (13) | 1.00 | 10 (12) | 2 (9) | 8 (13) | 0.72 | 1.00 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 18 (22) | 6 (16) | 12 (27) | 0.29 | 9 (11) | 4 (17) | 5 (8) | 0.25 | 0.67 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (18) | 9 (24) | 6 (13) | 0.26 | 12 (14) | 3 (13) | 9 (15) | 1.00 | 0.53 |
| Active malignancy | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | − | 0.50 |
| Obesitye | 23/74 (31) | 11/32 (34) | 12/42 (29) | 0.62 | 33/76 (43) | 10/21 (48) | 23/55 (42) | 0.80 | 0.13 |
| Anemiaf | 12 (14) | 8 (21) | 4 (9) | 0.13 | 12 (14) | 5 (22) | 7 (12) | 0.30 | 1.00 |
| Current or former smoker | 39 (47) | 18 (47) | 21 (47) | 0.98 | 30 (36) | 9 (39) | 21 (35) | 0.94 | 0.07 |
| Preop medications, n (%)g | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ACEi or ARB | 32 (39) | 11 (29) | 21 (47) | 0.12 | 36 (43) | 10 (43) | 26 (43) | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| Diuretic | 39 (47) | 21 (55) | 18 (40) | 0.19 | 33 (40) | 13 (57) | 20 (33) | 0.08 | 0.43 |
| Statin | 58 (70) | 25 (66) | 33 (73) | 0.48 | 41 (49) | 13 (57) | 28 (47) | 0.47 | 0.01 |
| Operation data | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | – | – | – | 0.06 | – | – | – | 0.06 | 1.00 |
| CABG alone | 40 (48) | 13 (34) | 27 (60) | – | 40 (48) | 8 (35) | 32 (53) | – | – |
| Valve alone | 30 (36) | 18 (47) | 12 (27) | – | 30 (36) | 8 (35) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| CABG + valve | 13 (16) | 7 (18) | 6 (13) | – | 13 (16) | 7 (30) | 6 (10) | – | – |
| Urgent/emergent procedure, n (%) | 32 (39) | 14 (37) | 18 (40) | 0.92 | 34 (41) | 9 (39) | 25 (42) | 0.94 | 0.86 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, n (%) | 6 (7) | 4 (11) | 2 (4) | 0.41 | 15 (18) | 6 (26) | 9 (15) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
| CPB time, median (IQR), min | 120 (91–157) | 130 (100–186) | 115 (86–150) | 0.07 | 126 (99–174) | 172 (122–261) | 118 (90–150) | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| Cross-clamp time, median (IQR), min | 93 (61–120) | 104 (73–133) | 91 (53–110) | 0.15 | 95 (71–133) | 133 (97–181) | 89 (64–119) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days | 12 (7–19) | 16 (8–21) | 10 (7–14) | 0.02 | 11 (7–19) | 18 (11–22) | 9 (6–16) | 0.008 | 0.34 |
| Characteristic . | RTRs . | Non-RTRs . | P-valuea . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | RTRs versus Non-RTRs . | . | . | . | ||||
| . | All RTRs . | RTRs with AKI . | RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | All non-RTRs . | Non-RTRs with AKI . | Non-RTRs without AKI . | P-value . | . |
| (n = 83) | (n = 38) | (n = 45) | – | (n = 83) | (n = 23) | (n = 60) | – | – | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age [median (IQR)], year | 60 (51–67) | 60 (51–67) | 60 (53–66) | 0.98 | 60 (52–66) | 60 (55–68) | 59 (51–65) | 0.23 | 0.81 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 24 (29) | 12 (32) | 12 (27) | 0.64 | 23 (28) | 4 (17) | 19 (32) | 0.28 | 1.00 |
| White race, n (%) | 70 (84) | 33 (87) | 37 (82) | 0.76 | 72 (87) | 17 (74) | 55 (92) | 0.06 | 0.83 |
| Hospital | 0.82 | 0.14 | 0.12 | ||||||
| Brigham and Women’s Hospital | 37 (45) | 16 (42) | 21 (47) | – | 48 (58) | 10 (43) | 38 (63) | – | – |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | – | 35 (42) | 13 (57) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| Preop renal functionb | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.07 | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.7) | 0.35 | 0.38 |
| eGFR, median (IQR)c | 46 (35–60) | 45 (33–57) | 47 (38–64) | 0.14 | 48 (39–63) | 47 (35–62) | 49 (40–63) | 0.39 | 0.45 |
| Comorbidities, n (%)d | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (77) | 26 (68) | 38 (84) | 0.12 | 56 (67) | 17 (74) | 39 (65) | 0.60 | 0.22 |
| HTN | 79 (95) | 35 (92) | 44 (98) | 0.33 | 67 (81) | 18 (78) | 49 (82) | 0.76 | 0.007 |
| Congestive heart failure | 35 (42) | 18 (47) | 17 (38) | 0.50 | 43 (52) | 11 (48) | 32 (53) | 0.81 | 0.28 |
| DM | 46 (55) | 22 (58) | 24 (53) | 0.82 | 29 (35) | 7 (30) | 22 (37) | 0.80 | 0.01 |
| COPD | 11 (13) | 5 (13) | 6 (13) | 1.00 | 10 (12) | 2 (9) | 8 (13) | 0.72 | 1.00 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 18 (22) | 6 (16) | 12 (27) | 0.29 | 9 (11) | 4 (17) | 5 (8) | 0.25 | 0.67 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (18) | 9 (24) | 6 (13) | 0.26 | 12 (14) | 3 (13) | 9 (15) | 1.00 | 0.53 |
| Active malignancy | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | − | 0.50 |
| Obesitye | 23/74 (31) | 11/32 (34) | 12/42 (29) | 0.62 | 33/76 (43) | 10/21 (48) | 23/55 (42) | 0.80 | 0.13 |
| Anemiaf | 12 (14) | 8 (21) | 4 (9) | 0.13 | 12 (14) | 5 (22) | 7 (12) | 0.30 | 1.00 |
| Current or former smoker | 39 (47) | 18 (47) | 21 (47) | 0.98 | 30 (36) | 9 (39) | 21 (35) | 0.94 | 0.07 |
| Preop medications, n (%)g | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ACEi or ARB | 32 (39) | 11 (29) | 21 (47) | 0.12 | 36 (43) | 10 (43) | 26 (43) | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| Diuretic | 39 (47) | 21 (55) | 18 (40) | 0.19 | 33 (40) | 13 (57) | 20 (33) | 0.08 | 0.43 |
| Statin | 58 (70) | 25 (66) | 33 (73) | 0.48 | 41 (49) | 13 (57) | 28 (47) | 0.47 | 0.01 |
| Operation data | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | – | – | – | 0.06 | – | – | – | 0.06 | 1.00 |
| CABG alone | 40 (48) | 13 (34) | 27 (60) | – | 40 (48) | 8 (35) | 32 (53) | – | – |
| Valve alone | 30 (36) | 18 (47) | 12 (27) | – | 30 (36) | 8 (35) | 22 (37) | – | – |
| CABG + valve | 13 (16) | 7 (18) | 6 (13) | – | 13 (16) | 7 (30) | 6 (10) | – | – |
| Urgent/emergent procedure, n (%) | 32 (39) | 14 (37) | 18 (40) | 0.92 | 34 (41) | 9 (39) | 25 (42) | 0.94 | 0.86 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, n (%) | 6 (7) | 4 (11) | 2 (4) | 0.41 | 15 (18) | 6 (26) | 9 (15) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
| CPB time, median (IQR), min | 120 (91–157) | 130 (100–186) | 115 (86–150) | 0.07 | 126 (99–174) | 172 (122–261) | 118 (90–150) | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| Cross-clamp time, median (IQR), min | 93 (61–120) | 104 (73–133) | 91 (53–110) | 0.15 | 95 (71–133) | 133 (97–181) | 89 (64–119) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days | 12 (7–19) | 16 (8–21) | 10 (7–14) | 0.02 | 11 (7–19) | 18 (11–22) | 9 (6–16) | 0.008 | 0.34 |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
P-value comparing all RTRs vs all non-RTRs.
bPreop creatinine and eGFR were defined as the most recent values measured prior to surgery.
ceGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation.
dComorbidities were assessed at the time of cardiac surgery.
eObesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
fAnemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL for the most recent value measured prior to surgery.
gIncluded if received within 24 h prior to surgery.
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