| Patient characteristic . | Overall . | USA . | Canada . | Europe . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 12 235 | 7577 | 580 | 4078 |
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 63.6 (14.8) | 62.7 (14.8) | 64.1 (14.8) | 65.3 (14.6) |
| Years with ESRD, median (IQR) | 3.1 (4.4) | 3.0 (4.2) | 3.2 (4.2) | 3.5 (4.9) |
| Male, % | 57 | 55 | 55 | 60 |
| Black race (USA only), % | – | 36 | – | – |
| Primary ESRD cause, % | – | – | – | – |
| Diabetes | 36 | 43 | 36 | 22 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 14 | 11 | 21 | 20 |
| Hypertension | 25 | 30 | 18 | 18 |
| Other | 24 | 15 | 26 | 40 |
| BMI (kg2/m2), mean (SE) | 27.9 (6.6) | 28.9 (7.0) | 28.2 (6.8) | 26.2 (5.3) |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 3.8 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.4) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 11.3 (1.1) | 11.1 (1.0) | 11.2 (1.1) | 11.6 (1.1) |
| spKt/V, mean (SE) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) |
| Liu comorbidity indexa, median (IQR) | 4.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (6.0) | 4.0 (5.0) | 3.0 (5.0) |
| Hypertension, %a | 88 | 91 | 92 | 86 |
| History of smoking, %a | 49 | 44 | 54 | 49 |
| History of fracture, %a | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
| Hospitalized in prior 120 days, % | 32 | 34 | 21 | 28 |
| Patient count in facility, median (IQR) | 72 (57) | 70 (64) | 101 (110) | 73 (42) |
| Patient in LDO facility (USA only), % | 77 | |||
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.2) |
| >5.5 mg/dL, % | 36 | 37 | 35 | 34 |
| Serum total calcium (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) |
| >10.2 mg/dL, % | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Mean PTH (pg/mL), mean (SE) | 456 (402) | 467 (411) | 516 (415) | 427 (379) |
| Median PTH (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 342 (277) | 350 (275) | 385 (364) | 322 (269) |
| >600 pg/mL, % | 19 | 19 | 27 | 17 |
| IV vitamin D use, % | 59 | 81 | 8 | 26 |
| Oral vitamin D use, % | 21 | 9 | 58 | 38 |
| Cinacalcet use, % | 25 | 28 | 9 | 23 |
| Phosphate binder use, % | 86 | 86 | 92 | 85 |
| Dialysate calcium (mEq/L), median (IQR) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 3.0 (0.5) |
| Patient characteristic . | Overall . | USA . | Canada . | Europe . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 12 235 | 7577 | 580 | 4078 |
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 63.6 (14.8) | 62.7 (14.8) | 64.1 (14.8) | 65.3 (14.6) |
| Years with ESRD, median (IQR) | 3.1 (4.4) | 3.0 (4.2) | 3.2 (4.2) | 3.5 (4.9) |
| Male, % | 57 | 55 | 55 | 60 |
| Black race (USA only), % | – | 36 | – | – |
| Primary ESRD cause, % | – | – | – | – |
| Diabetes | 36 | 43 | 36 | 22 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 14 | 11 | 21 | 20 |
| Hypertension | 25 | 30 | 18 | 18 |
| Other | 24 | 15 | 26 | 40 |
| BMI (kg2/m2), mean (SE) | 27.9 (6.6) | 28.9 (7.0) | 28.2 (6.8) | 26.2 (5.3) |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 3.8 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.4) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 11.3 (1.1) | 11.1 (1.0) | 11.2 (1.1) | 11.6 (1.1) |
| spKt/V, mean (SE) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) |
| Liu comorbidity indexa, median (IQR) | 4.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (6.0) | 4.0 (5.0) | 3.0 (5.0) |
| Hypertension, %a | 88 | 91 | 92 | 86 |
| History of smoking, %a | 49 | 44 | 54 | 49 |
| History of fracture, %a | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
| Hospitalized in prior 120 days, % | 32 | 34 | 21 | 28 |
| Patient count in facility, median (IQR) | 72 (57) | 70 (64) | 101 (110) | 73 (42) |
| Patient in LDO facility (USA only), % | 77 | |||
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.2) |
| >5.5 mg/dL, % | 36 | 37 | 35 | 34 |
| Serum total calcium (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) |
| >10.2 mg/dL, % | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Mean PTH (pg/mL), mean (SE) | 456 (402) | 467 (411) | 516 (415) | 427 (379) |
| Median PTH (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 342 (277) | 350 (275) | 385 (364) | 322 (269) |
| >600 pg/mL, % | 19 | 19 | 27 | 17 |
| IV vitamin D use, % | 59 | 81 | 8 | 26 |
| Oral vitamin D use, % | 21 | 9 | 58 | 38 |
| Cinacalcet use, % | 25 | 28 | 9 | 23 |
| Phosphate binder use, % | 86 | 86 | 92 | 85 |
| Dialysate calcium (mEq/L), median (IQR) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 3.0 (0.5) |
Comorbidities in USA reported for non-LDO facilities. Liu et al. [17] comorbidity index possible range is 0–21.
LDO, large dialysis organization (>1000 facilities). Europe includes Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.
| Patient characteristic . | Overall . | USA . | Canada . | Europe . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 12 235 | 7577 | 580 | 4078 |
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 63.6 (14.8) | 62.7 (14.8) | 64.1 (14.8) | 65.3 (14.6) |
| Years with ESRD, median (IQR) | 3.1 (4.4) | 3.0 (4.2) | 3.2 (4.2) | 3.5 (4.9) |
| Male, % | 57 | 55 | 55 | 60 |
| Black race (USA only), % | – | 36 | – | – |
| Primary ESRD cause, % | – | – | – | – |
| Diabetes | 36 | 43 | 36 | 22 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 14 | 11 | 21 | 20 |
| Hypertension | 25 | 30 | 18 | 18 |
| Other | 24 | 15 | 26 | 40 |
| BMI (kg2/m2), mean (SE) | 27.9 (6.6) | 28.9 (7.0) | 28.2 (6.8) | 26.2 (5.3) |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 3.8 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.4) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 11.3 (1.1) | 11.1 (1.0) | 11.2 (1.1) | 11.6 (1.1) |
| spKt/V, mean (SE) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) |
| Liu comorbidity indexa, median (IQR) | 4.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (6.0) | 4.0 (5.0) | 3.0 (5.0) |
| Hypertension, %a | 88 | 91 | 92 | 86 |
| History of smoking, %a | 49 | 44 | 54 | 49 |
| History of fracture, %a | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
| Hospitalized in prior 120 days, % | 32 | 34 | 21 | 28 |
| Patient count in facility, median (IQR) | 72 (57) | 70 (64) | 101 (110) | 73 (42) |
| Patient in LDO facility (USA only), % | 77 | |||
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.2) |
| >5.5 mg/dL, % | 36 | 37 | 35 | 34 |
| Serum total calcium (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) |
| >10.2 mg/dL, % | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Mean PTH (pg/mL), mean (SE) | 456 (402) | 467 (411) | 516 (415) | 427 (379) |
| Median PTH (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 342 (277) | 350 (275) | 385 (364) | 322 (269) |
| >600 pg/mL, % | 19 | 19 | 27 | 17 |
| IV vitamin D use, % | 59 | 81 | 8 | 26 |
| Oral vitamin D use, % | 21 | 9 | 58 | 38 |
| Cinacalcet use, % | 25 | 28 | 9 | 23 |
| Phosphate binder use, % | 86 | 86 | 92 | 85 |
| Dialysate calcium (mEq/L), median (IQR) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 3.0 (0.5) |
| Patient characteristic . | Overall . | USA . | Canada . | Europe . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 12 235 | 7577 | 580 | 4078 |
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 63.6 (14.8) | 62.7 (14.8) | 64.1 (14.8) | 65.3 (14.6) |
| Years with ESRD, median (IQR) | 3.1 (4.4) | 3.0 (4.2) | 3.2 (4.2) | 3.5 (4.9) |
| Male, % | 57 | 55 | 55 | 60 |
| Black race (USA only), % | – | 36 | – | – |
| Primary ESRD cause, % | – | – | – | – |
| Diabetes | 36 | 43 | 36 | 22 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 14 | 11 | 21 | 20 |
| Hypertension | 25 | 30 | 18 | 18 |
| Other | 24 | 15 | 26 | 40 |
| BMI (kg2/m2), mean (SE) | 27.9 (6.6) | 28.9 (7.0) | 28.2 (6.8) | 26.2 (5.3) |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 3.8 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.4) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SE) | 11.3 (1.1) | 11.1 (1.0) | 11.2 (1.1) | 11.6 (1.1) |
| spKt/V, mean (SE) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) |
| Liu comorbidity indexa, median (IQR) | 4.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (6.0) | 4.0 (5.0) | 3.0 (5.0) |
| Hypertension, %a | 88 | 91 | 92 | 86 |
| History of smoking, %a | 49 | 44 | 54 | 49 |
| History of fracture, %a | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
| Hospitalized in prior 120 days, % | 32 | 34 | 21 | 28 |
| Patient count in facility, median (IQR) | 72 (57) | 70 (64) | 101 (110) | 73 (42) |
| Patient in LDO facility (USA only), % | 77 | |||
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.2) |
| >5.5 mg/dL, % | 36 | 37 | 35 | 34 |
| Serum total calcium (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) |
| >10.2 mg/dL, % | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Mean PTH (pg/mL), mean (SE) | 456 (402) | 467 (411) | 516 (415) | 427 (379) |
| Median PTH (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 342 (277) | 350 (275) | 385 (364) | 322 (269) |
| >600 pg/mL, % | 19 | 19 | 27 | 17 |
| IV vitamin D use, % | 59 | 81 | 8 | 26 |
| Oral vitamin D use, % | 21 | 9 | 58 | 38 |
| Cinacalcet use, % | 25 | 28 | 9 | 23 |
| Phosphate binder use, % | 86 | 86 | 92 | 85 |
| Dialysate calcium (mEq/L), median (IQR) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.0) | 3.0 (0.5) |
Comorbidities in USA reported for non-LDO facilities. Liu et al. [17] comorbidity index possible range is 0–21.
LDO, large dialysis organization (>1000 facilities). Europe includes Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.
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