Table 2. Open in new tab Incidence (per...

	Propensity Score Matched
Person-years
Follow-up time, y, median (IQR)	7.08 (3.87–10.4)	7.96 (4.70–11.0)	8.70 (5.07–11.5)	8.98 (5.77–11.6)
Viral infection
Event	1301	723	1142	937
Rate^a	8.95	4.59	7.72	6.10
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.51 (.47–.56)***	1 (Reference)	0.79 (.72–.86)***
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.53 (.48–.58)***	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.74–.88)***
Hospitalization due to viral infection
Event	84	55	71	65
Rate^a	0.58	0.35	0.48	0.42
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.61 (.43–.86)**	1 (Reference)	0.88 (.63–1.24)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.59 (.42–.83)**	1 (Reference)	0.89 (.63–1.25)
Intubation due to viral infection
Event	10	4	10	9
Rate^a	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.06
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.37 (.12–1.18)	1 (Reference)	0.87 (.35–2.13)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.32 (.10–1.07)	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.32–2.03)

Propensity Score Matched

ARB

ACEI

Characteristic

No (N = 20 207)

Yes (N = 20 207)

No (N = 18 029)

Yes (N = 18 029)

Person-years

Follow-up time, y, median (IQR)

7.08 (3.87–10.4)

7.96 (4.70–11.0)

8.70 (5.07–11.5)

8.98 (5.77–11.6)

Viral infection

Event

1301

723

1142

937

Rate^a

8.95

4.59

7.72

6.10

Crude HR (95% CI)

1 (Reference)

0.51 (.47–.56)***

1 (Reference)

0.79 (.72–.86)***

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

1 (Reference)

0.53 (.48–.58)***

1 (Reference)

0.81 (.74–.88)***

Hospitalization due to viral infection

Event

Rate^a

0.58

0.35

0.48

0.42

Crude HR (95% CI)

1 (Reference)

0.61 (.43–.86)**

1 (Reference)

0.88 (.63–1.24)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

1 (Reference)

0.59 (.42–.83)**

1 (Reference)

0.89 (.63–1.25)

Intubation due to viral infection

Event

Rate^a

0.07

0.03

0.07

0.06

Crude HR (95% CI)

1 (Reference)

0.37 (.12–1.18)

1 (Reference)

0.87 (.35–2.13)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

1 (Reference)

0.32 (.10–1.07)

1 (Reference)

0.81 (.32–2.03)

	Propensity Score Matched
Person-years
Follow-up time, y, median (IQR)	7.08 (3.87–10.4)	7.96 (4.70–11.0)	8.70 (5.07–11.5)	8.98 (5.77–11.6)
Viral infection
Event	1301	723	1142	937
Rate^a	8.95	4.59	7.72	6.10
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.51 (.47–.56)***	1 (Reference)	0.79 (.72–.86)***
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.53 (.48–.58)***	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.74–.88)***
Hospitalization due to viral infection
Event	84	55	71	65
Rate^a	0.58	0.35	0.48	0.42
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.61 (.43–.86)**	1 (Reference)	0.88 (.63–1.24)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.59 (.42–.83)**	1 (Reference)	0.89 (.63–1.25)
Intubation due to viral infection
Event	10	4	10	9
Rate^a	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.06
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.37 (.12–1.18)	1 (Reference)	0.87 (.35–2.13)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.32 (.10–1.07)	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.32–2.03)

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Incidence (per 1000 Person-years) and Hazard Ratios of Viral Infection in the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) or Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) Cohorts Compared With Those in the Non-ARB or Non-ACEI Cohorts by Cox Proportional Hazard Models With Time-dependent Exposure Covariates in Patients With Hypertension

	Propensity Score Matched
	ARB		ACEI
Characteristic	No (N = 20 207)	Yes (N = 20 207)	No (N = 18 029)	Yes (N = 18 029)
Person-years
Follow-up time, y, median (IQR)	7.08 (3.87–10.4)	7.96 (4.70–11.0)	8.70 (5.07–11.5)	8.98 (5.77–11.6)
Viral infection
Event	1301	723	1142	937
Rate^a	8.95	4.59	7.72	6.10
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.51 (.47–.56)***	1 (Reference)	0.79 (.72–.86)***
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.53 (.48–.58)***	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.74–.88)***
Hospitalization due to viral infection
Event	84	55	71	65
Rate^a	0.58	0.35	0.48	0.42
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.61 (.43–.86)**	1 (Reference)	0.88 (.63–1.24)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.59 (.42–.83)**	1 (Reference)	0.89 (.63–1.25)
Intubation due to viral infection
Event	10	4	10	9
Rate^a	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.06
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.37 (.12–1.18)	1 (Reference)	0.87 (.35–2.13)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.32 (.10–1.07)	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.32–2.03)

	Propensity Score Matched
	ARB		ACEI
Characteristic	No (N = 20 207)	Yes (N = 20 207)	No (N = 18 029)	Yes (N = 18 029)
Person-years
Follow-up time, y, median (IQR)	7.08 (3.87–10.4)	7.96 (4.70–11.0)	8.70 (5.07–11.5)	8.98 (5.77–11.6)
Viral infection
Event	1301	723	1142	937
Rate^a	8.95	4.59	7.72	6.10
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.51 (.47–.56)***	1 (Reference)	0.79 (.72–.86)***
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.53 (.48–.58)***	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.74–.88)***
Hospitalization due to viral infection
Event	84	55	71	65
Rate^a	0.58	0.35	0.48	0.42
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.61 (.43–.86)**	1 (Reference)	0.88 (.63–1.24)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.59 (.42–.83)**	1 (Reference)	0.89 (.63–1.25)
Intubation due to viral infection
Event	10	4	10	9
Rate^a	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.06
Crude HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.37 (.12–1.18)	1 (Reference)	0.87 (.35–2.13)
Adjusted HR (95% CI)	1 (Reference)	0.32 (.10–1.07)	1 (Reference)	0.81 (.32–2.03)

Crude HR, relative; adjusted HR, multivariable analysis including age, sex, urbanization level, monthly income, comorbidities, and medications.

Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range.

^aIncidence rate per 1000 person-years.

**P < .01.

***P < .001.

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