Demographic-, clinical-, and hospital-related characteristics of hospice recipients vs hospice nonrecipients
| Characteristic . | Hospice recipients (n = 35 801) . | Hospice nonrecipients (n = 14 347) . | P‖ . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age quintiles, No. (%), y | <.001 | ||
| 66–69 | 7713 (70.2) | 3274 (29.8) | |
| 70–72 | 6121 (70.8) | 2520 (29.2) | |
| 73–76 | 7484 (71.2) | 3023 (28.8) | |
| 77–81 | 7266 (70.5) | 3037 (29.5) | |
| 82–104 | 7217 (74.3) | 2493 (25.7) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 19 172 (73.8) | 6807 (26.2) | <.001 |
| Male | 16 629 (68.8) | 7540 (31.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| White | 30 277 (72.9) | 11 283 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Black | 2691 (66.5) | 1358 (33.5) | |
| Hispanic | 1455 (66.8) | 724 (33.2) | |
| Asian | 1247 (57.4) | 924 (42.6) | |
| Other or unknown | 131 (69.3) | 58 (30.7) | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | |||
| Married | 19 010 (71.7) | 7785 (28.3) | .02 |
| Unmarried | 15 095 (71.0) | 5946 (29.0) | |
| Unknown | 1696 (73.4) | 616 (26.6) | |
| Residence, No. (%) | |||
| Urban | 29 723 (70.3) | 11 672 (29.7) | <.001 |
| Rural | 3940 (71.8) | 1661 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 2138 (67.8) | 1014 (32.2) | |
| Median household income by zip code (USD), mean (SD)* | 57 386 (26 523) | 56 632 (27 026) | .004 |
| High school graduates by zip code (%), mean (SD)* | 85.2 (10.6) | 84.1 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Primary cancer site, No. (%)† | |||
| Lung cancer | 21 671 (70.5) | 9069 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Breast cancer | 4269 (73.9) | 1509 (26.1) | |
| Melanoma | 2492 (75.5) | 808 (24.5) | |
| Renal cancer | 1274 (69.8) | 551 (30.2) | |
| Colorectal cancer | 1920 (71.7) | 757 (28.3) | |
| Ovarian cancer | 350 (79.9) | 88 (20.1) | |
| Esophageal cancer | 440 (74.3) | 152 (25.7) | |
| Other | 3385 (70.5) | 1413 (29.5) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, No. (%) | |||
| 0–2 | 24 286 (71.9) | 9490 (28.1) | <.001 |
| ≥3 | 3463 (68.9) | 1564 (31.1) | |
| Unknown | 8052 (71.0) | 3293 (29.0) | |
| Received care at a medical school–affiliated hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 12 166 (71.1) | 4756 (28.9) | .07 |
| No | 23 635 (71.9) | 9591 (28.1) | |
| Unknown | N/A§ | N/A§ | |
| Received care at an urban hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 27 917 (70.8) | 10 992 (29.2) | <.001 |
| No | 4862 (71.8) | 2007 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 3022 (69.1) | 1348 (30.9) | |
| Received care at a government hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 11 156 (71.2) | 4373 (28.8) | .14 |
| No | 24 645 (71.8) | 9974 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | N/A | N/A§ |
| Characteristic . | Hospice recipients (n = 35 801) . | Hospice nonrecipients (n = 14 347) . | P‖ . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age quintiles, No. (%), y | <.001 | ||
| 66–69 | 7713 (70.2) | 3274 (29.8) | |
| 70–72 | 6121 (70.8) | 2520 (29.2) | |
| 73–76 | 7484 (71.2) | 3023 (28.8) | |
| 77–81 | 7266 (70.5) | 3037 (29.5) | |
| 82–104 | 7217 (74.3) | 2493 (25.7) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 19 172 (73.8) | 6807 (26.2) | <.001 |
| Male | 16 629 (68.8) | 7540 (31.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| White | 30 277 (72.9) | 11 283 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Black | 2691 (66.5) | 1358 (33.5) | |
| Hispanic | 1455 (66.8) | 724 (33.2) | |
| Asian | 1247 (57.4) | 924 (42.6) | |
| Other or unknown | 131 (69.3) | 58 (30.7) | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | |||
| Married | 19 010 (71.7) | 7785 (28.3) | .02 |
| Unmarried | 15 095 (71.0) | 5946 (29.0) | |
| Unknown | 1696 (73.4) | 616 (26.6) | |
| Residence, No. (%) | |||
| Urban | 29 723 (70.3) | 11 672 (29.7) | <.001 |
| Rural | 3940 (71.8) | 1661 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 2138 (67.8) | 1014 (32.2) | |
| Median household income by zip code (USD), mean (SD)* | 57 386 (26 523) | 56 632 (27 026) | .004 |
| High school graduates by zip code (%), mean (SD)* | 85.2 (10.6) | 84.1 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Primary cancer site, No. (%)† | |||
| Lung cancer | 21 671 (70.5) | 9069 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Breast cancer | 4269 (73.9) | 1509 (26.1) | |
| Melanoma | 2492 (75.5) | 808 (24.5) | |
| Renal cancer | 1274 (69.8) | 551 (30.2) | |
| Colorectal cancer | 1920 (71.7) | 757 (28.3) | |
| Ovarian cancer | 350 (79.9) | 88 (20.1) | |
| Esophageal cancer | 440 (74.3) | 152 (25.7) | |
| Other | 3385 (70.5) | 1413 (29.5) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, No. (%) | |||
| 0–2 | 24 286 (71.9) | 9490 (28.1) | <.001 |
| ≥3 | 3463 (68.9) | 1564 (31.1) | |
| Unknown | 8052 (71.0) | 3293 (29.0) | |
| Received care at a medical school–affiliated hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 12 166 (71.1) | 4756 (28.9) | .07 |
| No | 23 635 (71.9) | 9591 (28.1) | |
| Unknown | N/A§ | N/A§ | |
| Received care at an urban hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 27 917 (70.8) | 10 992 (29.2) | <.001 |
| No | 4862 (71.8) | 2007 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 3022 (69.1) | 1348 (30.9) | |
| Received care at a government hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 11 156 (71.2) | 4373 (28.8) | .14 |
| No | 24 645 (71.8) | 9974 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | N/A | N/A§ |
Median household income and high school graduates were obtained by linking patient zip codes to information from the 2000 US Census and the 2008–2012 America Community Survey. USD = US dollars.
First cancer type was used for patients with multiple primary tumors.
Within 1 year of date of death.
468 observations (0.9%) were removed because of nonconvergence.
The 2-sided t test was used for continuous variables, and the chi-squaretest was used for categorical variables.
Demographic-, clinical-, and hospital-related characteristics of hospice recipients vs hospice nonrecipients
| Characteristic . | Hospice recipients (n = 35 801) . | Hospice nonrecipients (n = 14 347) . | P‖ . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age quintiles, No. (%), y | <.001 | ||
| 66–69 | 7713 (70.2) | 3274 (29.8) | |
| 70–72 | 6121 (70.8) | 2520 (29.2) | |
| 73–76 | 7484 (71.2) | 3023 (28.8) | |
| 77–81 | 7266 (70.5) | 3037 (29.5) | |
| 82–104 | 7217 (74.3) | 2493 (25.7) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 19 172 (73.8) | 6807 (26.2) | <.001 |
| Male | 16 629 (68.8) | 7540 (31.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| White | 30 277 (72.9) | 11 283 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Black | 2691 (66.5) | 1358 (33.5) | |
| Hispanic | 1455 (66.8) | 724 (33.2) | |
| Asian | 1247 (57.4) | 924 (42.6) | |
| Other or unknown | 131 (69.3) | 58 (30.7) | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | |||
| Married | 19 010 (71.7) | 7785 (28.3) | .02 |
| Unmarried | 15 095 (71.0) | 5946 (29.0) | |
| Unknown | 1696 (73.4) | 616 (26.6) | |
| Residence, No. (%) | |||
| Urban | 29 723 (70.3) | 11 672 (29.7) | <.001 |
| Rural | 3940 (71.8) | 1661 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 2138 (67.8) | 1014 (32.2) | |
| Median household income by zip code (USD), mean (SD)* | 57 386 (26 523) | 56 632 (27 026) | .004 |
| High school graduates by zip code (%), mean (SD)* | 85.2 (10.6) | 84.1 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Primary cancer site, No. (%)† | |||
| Lung cancer | 21 671 (70.5) | 9069 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Breast cancer | 4269 (73.9) | 1509 (26.1) | |
| Melanoma | 2492 (75.5) | 808 (24.5) | |
| Renal cancer | 1274 (69.8) | 551 (30.2) | |
| Colorectal cancer | 1920 (71.7) | 757 (28.3) | |
| Ovarian cancer | 350 (79.9) | 88 (20.1) | |
| Esophageal cancer | 440 (74.3) | 152 (25.7) | |
| Other | 3385 (70.5) | 1413 (29.5) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, No. (%) | |||
| 0–2 | 24 286 (71.9) | 9490 (28.1) | <.001 |
| ≥3 | 3463 (68.9) | 1564 (31.1) | |
| Unknown | 8052 (71.0) | 3293 (29.0) | |
| Received care at a medical school–affiliated hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 12 166 (71.1) | 4756 (28.9) | .07 |
| No | 23 635 (71.9) | 9591 (28.1) | |
| Unknown | N/A§ | N/A§ | |
| Received care at an urban hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 27 917 (70.8) | 10 992 (29.2) | <.001 |
| No | 4862 (71.8) | 2007 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 3022 (69.1) | 1348 (30.9) | |
| Received care at a government hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 11 156 (71.2) | 4373 (28.8) | .14 |
| No | 24 645 (71.8) | 9974 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | N/A | N/A§ |
| Characteristic . | Hospice recipients (n = 35 801) . | Hospice nonrecipients (n = 14 347) . | P‖ . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age quintiles, No. (%), y | <.001 | ||
| 66–69 | 7713 (70.2) | 3274 (29.8) | |
| 70–72 | 6121 (70.8) | 2520 (29.2) | |
| 73–76 | 7484 (71.2) | 3023 (28.8) | |
| 77–81 | 7266 (70.5) | 3037 (29.5) | |
| 82–104 | 7217 (74.3) | 2493 (25.7) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 19 172 (73.8) | 6807 (26.2) | <.001 |
| Male | 16 629 (68.8) | 7540 (31.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| White | 30 277 (72.9) | 11 283 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Black | 2691 (66.5) | 1358 (33.5) | |
| Hispanic | 1455 (66.8) | 724 (33.2) | |
| Asian | 1247 (57.4) | 924 (42.6) | |
| Other or unknown | 131 (69.3) | 58 (30.7) | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | |||
| Married | 19 010 (71.7) | 7785 (28.3) | .02 |
| Unmarried | 15 095 (71.0) | 5946 (29.0) | |
| Unknown | 1696 (73.4) | 616 (26.6) | |
| Residence, No. (%) | |||
| Urban | 29 723 (70.3) | 11 672 (29.7) | <.001 |
| Rural | 3940 (71.8) | 1661 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 2138 (67.8) | 1014 (32.2) | |
| Median household income by zip code (USD), mean (SD)* | 57 386 (26 523) | 56 632 (27 026) | .004 |
| High school graduates by zip code (%), mean (SD)* | 85.2 (10.6) | 84.1 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Primary cancer site, No. (%)† | |||
| Lung cancer | 21 671 (70.5) | 9069 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Breast cancer | 4269 (73.9) | 1509 (26.1) | |
| Melanoma | 2492 (75.5) | 808 (24.5) | |
| Renal cancer | 1274 (69.8) | 551 (30.2) | |
| Colorectal cancer | 1920 (71.7) | 757 (28.3) | |
| Ovarian cancer | 350 (79.9) | 88 (20.1) | |
| Esophageal cancer | 440 (74.3) | 152 (25.7) | |
| Other | 3385 (70.5) | 1413 (29.5) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, No. (%) | |||
| 0–2 | 24 286 (71.9) | 9490 (28.1) | <.001 |
| ≥3 | 3463 (68.9) | 1564 (31.1) | |
| Unknown | 8052 (71.0) | 3293 (29.0) | |
| Received care at a medical school–affiliated hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 12 166 (71.1) | 4756 (28.9) | .07 |
| No | 23 635 (71.9) | 9591 (28.1) | |
| Unknown | N/A§ | N/A§ | |
| Received care at an urban hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 27 917 (70.8) | 10 992 (29.2) | <.001 |
| No | 4862 (71.8) | 2007 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 3022 (69.1) | 1348 (30.9) | |
| Received care at a government hospital, No. (%)‡ | |||
| Yes | 11 156 (71.2) | 4373 (28.8) | .14 |
| No | 24 645 (71.8) | 9974 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | N/A | N/A§ |
Median household income and high school graduates were obtained by linking patient zip codes to information from the 2000 US Census and the 2008–2012 America Community Survey. USD = US dollars.
First cancer type was used for patients with multiple primary tumors.
Within 1 year of date of death.
468 observations (0.9%) were removed because of nonconvergence.
The 2-sided t test was used for continuous variables, and the chi-squaretest was used for categorical variables.
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