Table 1 Open in new tab The major types...

Table 1

The major types of ncRNA and their modes of action

ncRNA type	Mechanisms of action	Ref
miRNA	Silences gene by RNA interference Suppresses protein translation by destabilizing target mRNA	¹¹^,¹²
lncRNA	Regulates chromatin modification by remodelling complexes Sponges miRNAs and/or proteins Acts as protein decoy Provides scaffold function for protein complexes Transcriptional enhancer for target genes	⁶^,¹³
circRNA	Regulates host gene expression Sponges miRNAs and/or proteins Acts as protein decoy Provides scaffold function for protein complexes Encodes for micro-, mini-peptides	⁷^,⁸

ncRNA type	Mechanisms of action	Ref
miRNA	Silences gene by RNA interference Suppresses protein translation by destabilizing target mRNA	¹¹^,¹²
lncRNA	Regulates chromatin modification by remodelling complexes Sponges miRNAs and/or proteins Acts as protein decoy Provides scaffold function for protein complexes Transcriptional enhancer for target genes	⁶^,¹³
circRNA	Regulates host gene expression Sponges miRNAs and/or proteins Acts as protein decoy Provides scaffold function for protein complexes Encodes for micro-, mini-peptides	⁷^,⁸