Table 3. Open in new tab Association of...

Factors	Event: In-Hospital Death	Event: Discharge
Male gender	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	.902	0.89 (0.51–1.54)	.668
Age (>60 y vs ≤60 y)	3.25 (1.52–6.95)	.002	0.95 (0.60–1.51)	.839
BMI (<30 kg/m² vs ≥30 kg/m²)	0.65 (0.25–1.65)	.360	0.63 (0.31–1.26)	.190
Comorbidities (yes vs no)
Hypertension	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	1.19 (0.75–1.89)	.470
Diabetes	2.16 (1.06–4.40)	.035	0.70 (0.35–1.40)	.309
Ischemic cardiopathy	3.00 (1.05–8.51)	.040	0.57 (0.14–2.32)	.431
Cerebrovascular disease	2.03 (1.03–3.99)	.041	1.14 (0.72–1.82)	.569
Neoplasms	1.67 (0.65–4.32)	.287	1.11 (0.48–2.57)	.809
COPD	1.82 (0.43–7.64)	.413	1.32 (0.41–4.24)	.638
Immunodepression	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	0.53 (0.07–3.82)	.528
SAPS-2, per unit	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	.007	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	.438
SAPS-2 (>28 vs ≤28)	3.42 (1.64–7.13)	.001	0.85 (0.53–1.36)	.491
D-dimer, per log₁₀ ng/mL	2.30 (1.35–3.94)	.002	0.53 (0.34–0.83)	.006
Log₁₀ d-dimer (>3.5 vs ≤3.5)	2.47 (1.27–4.81)	.008	0.68 (0.40–1.15)	.150
Lymphocytes, per 10³ cells/μL	1.09 (0.44–2.68)	.855	1.41 (0.74–2.66)	.297
LDH, per 100 IU/mL	1.42 (1.19–1.70)	<.001	0.85 (0.74–0.98)	.023
CRP, per mg/dL	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	.717	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	.096
Creatinine, per 0.1 mg/dL	1.06 (1.00–1.11)	.048	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	.099
Arterial lactate, per mmol/L	1.85 (1.29–2.65)	<.001	0.48 (0.30–0.78)	.002
Time from onset of symptoms to intubation, per day	0.93 (0.86–1.00)	.042	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	.006
Date of intubation (< or ≥ Mar 20)	1.52 (0.77–3.00)	.229	1.57 (0.98–2.52)	.060

Factors

Event: In-Hospital Death

Event: Discharge

HR (95% CI)

P Value

HR (95% CI)

P Value

Male gender

1.05 (0.46–2.41)

.902

0.89 (0.51–1.54)

.668

Age (>60 y vs ≤60 y)

3.25 (1.52–6.95)

.002

0.95 (0.60–1.51)

.839

BMI (<30 kg/m² vs ≥30 kg/m²)

0.65 (0.25–1.65)

.360

0.63 (0.31–1.26)

.190

Comorbidities (yes vs no)

Hypertension

2.35 (0.72–7.69)

.159

1.19 (0.75–1.89)

.470

Diabetes

2.16 (1.06–4.40)

.035

0.70 (0.35–1.40)

.309

Ischemic cardiopathy

3.00 (1.05–8.51)

.040

0.57 (0.14–2.32)

.431

Cerebrovascular disease

2.03 (1.03–3.99)

.041

1.14 (0.72–1.82)

.569

Neoplasms

1.67 (0.65–4.32)

.287

1.11 (0.48–2.57)

.809

COPD

1.82 (0.43–7.64)

.413

1.32 (0.41–4.24)

.638

Immunodepression

2.35 (0.72–7.69)

.159

0.53 (0.07–3.82)

.528

SAPS-2, per unit

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

.007

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

.438

SAPS-2 (>28 vs ≤28)

3.42 (1.64–7.13)

.001

0.85 (0.53–1.36)

.491

D-dimer, per log₁₀ ng/mL

2.30 (1.35–3.94)

.002

0.53 (0.34–0.83)

.006

Log₁₀ d-dimer (>3.5 vs ≤3.5)

2.47 (1.27–4.81)

.008

0.68 (0.40–1.15)

.150

Lymphocytes, per 10³ cells/μL

1.09 (0.44–2.68)

.855

1.41 (0.74–2.66)

.297

LDH, per 100 IU/mL

1.42 (1.19–1.70)

<.001

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

.023

CRP, per mg/dL

1.01 (0.98–1.03)

.717

0.98 (0.97–1.00)

.096

Creatinine, per 0.1 mg/dL

1.06 (1.00–1.11)

.048

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

.099

Arterial lactate, per mmol/L

1.85 (1.29–2.65)

<.001

0.48 (0.30–0.78)

.002

Time from onset of symptoms to intubation, per day

0.93 (0.86–1.00)

.042

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

.006

Date of intubation (< or ≥ Mar 20)

1.52 (0.77–3.00)

.229

1.57 (0.98–2.52)

.060

Factors	Event: In-Hospital Death	Event: Discharge
Male gender	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	.902	0.89 (0.51–1.54)	.668
Age (>60 y vs ≤60 y)	3.25 (1.52–6.95)	.002	0.95 (0.60–1.51)	.839
BMI (<30 kg/m² vs ≥30 kg/m²)	0.65 (0.25–1.65)	.360	0.63 (0.31–1.26)	.190
Comorbidities (yes vs no)
Hypertension	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	1.19 (0.75–1.89)	.470
Diabetes	2.16 (1.06–4.40)	.035	0.70 (0.35–1.40)	.309
Ischemic cardiopathy	3.00 (1.05–8.51)	.040	0.57 (0.14–2.32)	.431
Cerebrovascular disease	2.03 (1.03–3.99)	.041	1.14 (0.72–1.82)	.569
Neoplasms	1.67 (0.65–4.32)	.287	1.11 (0.48–2.57)	.809
COPD	1.82 (0.43–7.64)	.413	1.32 (0.41–4.24)	.638
Immunodepression	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	0.53 (0.07–3.82)	.528
SAPS-2, per unit	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	.007	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	.438
SAPS-2 (>28 vs ≤28)	3.42 (1.64–7.13)	.001	0.85 (0.53–1.36)	.491
D-dimer, per log₁₀ ng/mL	2.30 (1.35–3.94)	.002	0.53 (0.34–0.83)	.006
Log₁₀ d-dimer (>3.5 vs ≤3.5)	2.47 (1.27–4.81)	.008	0.68 (0.40–1.15)	.150
Lymphocytes, per 10³ cells/μL	1.09 (0.44–2.68)	.855	1.41 (0.74–2.66)	.297
LDH, per 100 IU/mL	1.42 (1.19–1.70)	<.001	0.85 (0.74–0.98)	.023
CRP, per mg/dL	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	.717	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	.096
Creatinine, per 0.1 mg/dL	1.06 (1.00–1.11)	.048	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	.099
Arterial lactate, per mmol/L	1.85 (1.29–2.65)	<.001	0.48 (0.30–0.78)	.002
Time from onset of symptoms to intubation, per day	0.93 (0.86–1.00)	.042	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	.006
Date of intubation (< or ≥ Mar 20)	1.52 (0.77–3.00)	.229	1.57 (0.98–2.52)	.060

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Association of Baseline Factors With In-Hospital Deaths or Hospital Discharge (Univariate Competing-Risk Cox Regression Models)

Factors	Event: In-Hospital Death		Event: Discharge
	HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Male gender	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	.902	0.89 (0.51–1.54)	.668
Age (>60 y vs ≤60 y)	3.25 (1.52–6.95)	.002	0.95 (0.60–1.51)	.839
BMI (<30 kg/m² vs ≥30 kg/m²)	0.65 (0.25–1.65)	.360	0.63 (0.31–1.26)	.190
Comorbidities (yes vs no)
Hypertension	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	1.19 (0.75–1.89)	.470
Diabetes	2.16 (1.06–4.40)	.035	0.70 (0.35–1.40)	.309
Ischemic cardiopathy	3.00 (1.05–8.51)	.040	0.57 (0.14–2.32)	.431
Cerebrovascular disease	2.03 (1.03–3.99)	.041	1.14 (0.72–1.82)	.569
Neoplasms	1.67 (0.65–4.32)	.287	1.11 (0.48–2.57)	.809
COPD	1.82 (0.43–7.64)	.413	1.32 (0.41–4.24)	.638
Immunodepression	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	0.53 (0.07–3.82)	.528
SAPS-2, per unit	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	.007	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	.438
SAPS-2 (>28 vs ≤28)	3.42 (1.64–7.13)	.001	0.85 (0.53–1.36)	.491
D-dimer, per log₁₀ ng/mL	2.30 (1.35–3.94)	.002	0.53 (0.34–0.83)	.006
Log₁₀ d-dimer (>3.5 vs ≤3.5)	2.47 (1.27–4.81)	.008	0.68 (0.40–1.15)	.150
Lymphocytes, per 10³ cells/μL	1.09 (0.44–2.68)	.855	1.41 (0.74–2.66)	.297
LDH, per 100 IU/mL	1.42 (1.19–1.70)	<.001	0.85 (0.74–0.98)	.023
CRP, per mg/dL	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	.717	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	.096
Creatinine, per 0.1 mg/dL	1.06 (1.00–1.11)	.048	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	.099
Arterial lactate, per mmol/L	1.85 (1.29–2.65)	<.001	0.48 (0.30–0.78)	.002
Time from onset of symptoms to intubation, per day	0.93 (0.86–1.00)	.042	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	.006
Date of intubation (< or ≥ Mar 20)	1.52 (0.77–3.00)	.229	1.57 (0.98–2.52)	.060

Factors	Event: In-Hospital Death		Event: Discharge
	HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Male gender	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	.902	0.89 (0.51–1.54)	.668
Age (>60 y vs ≤60 y)	3.25 (1.52–6.95)	.002	0.95 (0.60–1.51)	.839
BMI (<30 kg/m² vs ≥30 kg/m²)	0.65 (0.25–1.65)	.360	0.63 (0.31–1.26)	.190
Comorbidities (yes vs no)
Hypertension	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	1.19 (0.75–1.89)	.470
Diabetes	2.16 (1.06–4.40)	.035	0.70 (0.35–1.40)	.309
Ischemic cardiopathy	3.00 (1.05–8.51)	.040	0.57 (0.14–2.32)	.431
Cerebrovascular disease	2.03 (1.03–3.99)	.041	1.14 (0.72–1.82)	.569
Neoplasms	1.67 (0.65–4.32)	.287	1.11 (0.48–2.57)	.809
COPD	1.82 (0.43–7.64)	.413	1.32 (0.41–4.24)	.638
Immunodepression	2.35 (0.72–7.69)	.159	0.53 (0.07–3.82)	.528
SAPS-2, per unit	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	.007	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	.438
SAPS-2 (>28 vs ≤28)	3.42 (1.64–7.13)	.001	0.85 (0.53–1.36)	.491
D-dimer, per log₁₀ ng/mL	2.30 (1.35–3.94)	.002	0.53 (0.34–0.83)	.006
Log₁₀ d-dimer (>3.5 vs ≤3.5)	2.47 (1.27–4.81)	.008	0.68 (0.40–1.15)	.150
Lymphocytes, per 10³ cells/μL	1.09 (0.44–2.68)	.855	1.41 (0.74–2.66)	.297
LDH, per 100 IU/mL	1.42 (1.19–1.70)	<.001	0.85 (0.74–0.98)	.023
CRP, per mg/dL	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	.717	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	.096
Creatinine, per 0.1 mg/dL	1.06 (1.00–1.11)	.048	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	.099
Arterial lactate, per mmol/L	1.85 (1.29–2.65)	<.001	0.48 (0.30–0.78)	.002
Time from onset of symptoms to intubation, per day	0.93 (0.86–1.00)	.042	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	.006
Date of intubation (< or ≥ Mar 20)	1.52 (0.77–3.00)	.229	1.57 (0.98–2.52)	.060

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; HR, hazard ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SAPS-2, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2.

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