Table 1. Open in new tab Principal...

First author, year

Study type

Population

Frailty score

Outcomes

Ekerstad, 2011⁸²

Prospective multi-centre observational cohort

≥75 years, 307 patients with non-STEMI

CFS

Frailty associated with increased risk for mortality as inpatient and one-month, increased LOS, and primary composite outcome^a

Ekerstad, 2014¹⁴

Prospective multi-centre observational cohort

≥75 years, 307 patients with non-STEMI

CFS

Frailty strongly and independently associated with one-year mortality

Graham, 2013⁷⁹

Prospective single-centre observational cohort

≥65, 183 patients with ACS

EFS

Frailty was associated with increased LOS, one-year mortality, and decreased procedure use

Sanchis, 2014⁸⁶

Prospective single-centre observational cohort

>65 years, 342 patients with ACS

Fried, Green

Frailty was a strong predictor of mortality, and added information to the GRACE score

Singh, 2011⁴⁰

Prospective multi-centre observational cohort

≥65 years, 628 patients undergoing PCI who survived to discharge

Fried

Frailty is associated with increased three-year mortality and MI

Sundermann, 2011¹⁰⁶

Single-centre, prospective observational, cohort

≥74 years, 400 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery

CAF, CFS

Significant correlation between frailty score and observed 30-day mortality

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Principal studies of frailty in older patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

First author, year	Study type	Population	Frailty score	Outcomes
Ekerstad, 2011⁸²	Prospective multi-centre observational cohort	≥75 years, 307 patients with non-STEMI	CFS	Frailty associated with increased risk for mortality as inpatient and one-month, increased LOS, and primary composite outcome^a
Ekerstad, 2014¹⁴	Prospective multi-centre observational cohort	≥75 years, 307 patients with non-STEMI	CFS	Frailty strongly and independently associated with one-year mortality
Graham, 2013⁷⁹	Prospective single-centre observational cohort	≥65, 183 patients with ACS	EFS	Frailty was associated with increased LOS, one-year mortality, and decreased procedure use
Sanchis, 2014⁸⁶	Prospective single-centre observational cohort	>65 years, 342 patients with ACS	Fried, Green	Frailty was a strong predictor of mortality, and added information to the GRACE score
Singh, 2011⁴⁰	Prospective multi-centre observational cohort	≥65 years, 628 patients undergoing PCI who survived to discharge	Fried	Frailty is associated with increased three-year mortality and MI
Sundermann, 2011¹⁰⁶	Single-centre, prospective observational, cohort	≥74 years, 400 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery	CAF, CFS	Significant correlation between frailty score and observed 30-day mortality

First author, year	Study type	Population	Frailty score	Outcomes
Ekerstad, 2011⁸²	Prospective multi-centre observational cohort	≥75 years, 307 patients with non-STEMI	CFS	Frailty associated with increased risk for mortality as inpatient and one-month, increased LOS, and primary composite outcome^a
Ekerstad, 2014¹⁴	Prospective multi-centre observational cohort	≥75 years, 307 patients with non-STEMI	CFS	Frailty strongly and independently associated with one-year mortality
Graham, 2013⁷⁹	Prospective single-centre observational cohort	≥65, 183 patients with ACS	EFS	Frailty was associated with increased LOS, one-year mortality, and decreased procedure use
Sanchis, 2014⁸⁶	Prospective single-centre observational cohort	>65 years, 342 patients with ACS	Fried, Green	Frailty was a strong predictor of mortality, and added information to the GRACE score
Singh, 2011⁴⁰	Prospective multi-centre observational cohort	≥65 years, 628 patients undergoing PCI who survived to discharge	Fried	Frailty is associated with increased three-year mortality and MI
Sundermann, 2011¹⁰⁶	Single-centre, prospective observational, cohort	≥74 years, 400 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery	CAF, CFS	Significant correlation between frailty score and observed 30-day mortality

CAF: Comprehensive Assessment of Frailty; CFS: Clinical Frailty Scale; EFS: Edmonton Frail Scale; LOS: length of stay; non-STEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; MI: myocardial infarction.

Death from any cause, myocardial reinfarction, revascularization due to ischaemia, hospitalization for any cause, major bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and need for dialysis up to one month after inclusion.

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