Table 2. Open in new tab HRs for risk...

Variable	Univariable model	Multivariable model
Age group (years)
<18	1.61 (0.78–3.35)	<0.01	Healthcare sector, ethnicity	1.57 (0.75–3.28)	<0.01
18–40	1		1
40–64	1.33 (1.03–1.73)		1.33 (1.01–1.74)
65–74	1.65 (1.22–2.24)		1.68 (1.22–2.32)
≥75	3.02 (2.2–4.14)		3.10 (2.21–4.35)
Ethnicity
White	1	0.08	Age, healthcare sector	1	0.40
Black	0.83 (0.66–1.03)		1.00 (0.80–1.26)
Mixed ancestry	0.68 (0.5–0.92)		0.79 (0.58–1.09)
Indian/Asian	0.91 (0.68–1.22)		0.97 (0.73–1.3)
Diabetes
Non-diabetic	1	0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	1	0.21
Diabetic	1.28 (1.07–1.53)		1.13 (0.93–1.38)
Primary diagnosis
Cystic kidney disease	0.40 (0.15–1.09)	<0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.43 (0.16–1.15)	<0.01
Glomerular disease	0.91 (0.63–1.32)		1.08 (0.74–1.58)
Hypertensive renal disease	1		1
Diabetic nephropathy	1.10 (0.86–1.4)		1.03 (0.81–1.32)
Aetiology unknown	1.40 (1.14–1.71)		1.47 (1.19–1.82)
Other	1.79 (1.24–2.59)		1.80 (1.24–2.62)
First modality
TX	0.82 (0.26–2.56)	0.11	Age, ethnicity, diabetes, primary diagnosis and healthcare sector	0.63 (0.15–2.6)	0.24
PD	0.77 (0.60–0.98)		0.78 (0.57–1.06)
HD	1		1
Healthcare sector
Private	1.19 (0.94–1.50)	0.16	Age, ethnicity	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	0.61
Public	1		1
Province
North West	0.78 (0.46–1.35)	<0.01	Ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.78 (0.45–1.38)	<0.01
Western Cape	1		1
Limpopo	1.20 (0.75–1.92)		1.22 (0.74–2.01)
KwaZulu-Natal	1.37 (1.03–1.82)		1.33 (0.94–1.86)
Gauteng	1.46 (1.11–1.93)		1.38 (1.01–1.90)
Eastern Cape	1.52 (1.09–2.13)		1.54 (1.07–2.22)
Free State	1.84 (1.26–2.68)		1.83 (1.21–2.76)
Mpumalanga	1.83 (1.16–2.88)		1.75 (1.08–2.85)
Northern Cape	2.51 (1.46–4.31)		2.45 (1.38–4.35)
Sex
Male	1	0.84	Age	1	0.99
Female	0.98 (0.83–1.17)		1.00 (0.84–1.19)

Variable

Univariable model

Multivariable model

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Adjusted for confounder^a

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Age group (years)

<18

1.61 (0.78–3.35)

<0.01

Healthcare sector, ethnicity

1.57 (0.75–3.28)

<0.01

18–40

40–64

1.33 (1.03–1.73)

1.33 (1.01–1.74)

65–74

1.65 (1.22–2.24)

1.68 (1.22–2.32)

≥75

3.02 (2.2–4.14)

3.10 (2.21–4.35)

Ethnicity

White

0.08

Age, healthcare sector

0.40

Black

0.83 (0.66–1.03)

1.00 (0.80–1.26)

Mixed ancestry

0.68 (0.5–0.92)

0.79 (0.58–1.09)

Indian/Asian

0.91 (0.68–1.22)

0.97 (0.73–1.3)

Diabetes

Non-diabetic

0.01

Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector

0.21

Diabetic

1.28 (1.07–1.53)

1.13 (0.93–1.38)

Primary diagnosis

Cystic kidney disease

0.40 (0.15–1.09)

<0.01

Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector

0.43 (0.16–1.15)

<0.01

Glomerular disease

0.91 (0.63–1.32)

1.08 (0.74–1.58)

Hypertensive renal disease

Diabetic nephropathy

1.10 (0.86–1.4)

1.03 (0.81–1.32)

Aetiology unknown

1.40 (1.14–1.71)

1.47 (1.19–1.82)

Other

1.79 (1.24–2.59)

1.80 (1.24–2.62)

First modality

0.82 (0.26–2.56)

0.11

Age, ethnicity, diabetes, primary diagnosis and healthcare sector

0.63 (0.15–2.6)

0.24

0.77 (0.60–0.98)

0.78 (0.57–1.06)

Healthcare sector

Private

1.19 (0.94–1.50)

0.16

Age, ethnicity

0.93 (0.72–1.21)

0.61

Public

Province

North West

0.78 (0.46–1.35)

<0.01

Ethnicity and healthcare sector

0.78 (0.45–1.38)

<0.01

Western Cape

Limpopo

1.20 (0.75–1.92)

1.22 (0.74–2.01)

KwaZulu-Natal

1.37 (1.03–1.82)

1.33 (0.94–1.86)

Gauteng

1.46 (1.11–1.93)

1.38 (1.01–1.90)

Eastern Cape

1.52 (1.09–2.13)

1.54 (1.07–2.22)

Free State

1.84 (1.26–2.68)

1.83 (1.21–2.76)

Mpumalanga

1.83 (1.16–2.88)

1.75 (1.08–2.85)

Northern Cape

2.51 (1.46–4.31)

2.45 (1.38–4.35)

Sex

Male

0.84

Age

0.99

Female

0.98 (0.83–1.17)

1.00 (0.84–1.19)

Variable	Univariable model	Multivariable model
Age group (years)
<18	1.61 (0.78–3.35)	<0.01	Healthcare sector, ethnicity	1.57 (0.75–3.28)	<0.01
18–40	1		1
40–64	1.33 (1.03–1.73)		1.33 (1.01–1.74)
65–74	1.65 (1.22–2.24)		1.68 (1.22–2.32)
≥75	3.02 (2.2–4.14)		3.10 (2.21–4.35)
Ethnicity
White	1	0.08	Age, healthcare sector	1	0.40
Black	0.83 (0.66–1.03)		1.00 (0.80–1.26)
Mixed ancestry	0.68 (0.5–0.92)		0.79 (0.58–1.09)
Indian/Asian	0.91 (0.68–1.22)		0.97 (0.73–1.3)
Diabetes
Non-diabetic	1	0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	1	0.21
Diabetic	1.28 (1.07–1.53)		1.13 (0.93–1.38)
Primary diagnosis
Cystic kidney disease	0.40 (0.15–1.09)	<0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.43 (0.16–1.15)	<0.01
Glomerular disease	0.91 (0.63–1.32)		1.08 (0.74–1.58)
Hypertensive renal disease	1		1
Diabetic nephropathy	1.10 (0.86–1.4)		1.03 (0.81–1.32)
Aetiology unknown	1.40 (1.14–1.71)		1.47 (1.19–1.82)
Other	1.79 (1.24–2.59)		1.80 (1.24–2.62)
First modality
TX	0.82 (0.26–2.56)	0.11	Age, ethnicity, diabetes, primary diagnosis and healthcare sector	0.63 (0.15–2.6)	0.24
PD	0.77 (0.60–0.98)		0.78 (0.57–1.06)
HD	1		1
Healthcare sector
Private	1.19 (0.94–1.50)	0.16	Age, ethnicity	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	0.61
Public	1		1
Province
North West	0.78 (0.46–1.35)	<0.01	Ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.78 (0.45–1.38)	<0.01
Western Cape	1		1
Limpopo	1.20 (0.75–1.92)		1.22 (0.74–2.01)
KwaZulu-Natal	1.37 (1.03–1.82)		1.33 (0.94–1.86)
Gauteng	1.46 (1.11–1.93)		1.38 (1.01–1.90)
Eastern Cape	1.52 (1.09–2.13)		1.54 (1.07–2.22)
Free State	1.84 (1.26–2.68)		1.83 (1.21–2.76)
Mpumalanga	1.83 (1.16–2.88)		1.75 (1.08–2.85)
Northern Cape	2.51 (1.46–4.31)		2.45 (1.38–4.35)
Sex
Male	1	0.84	Age	1	0.99
Female	0.98 (0.83–1.17)		1.00 (0.84–1.19)

Table 2.

Open in new tab

HRs for risk factors of interest by univariable and multivariable Cox regression

Variable	Univariable model		Multivariable model
Variable	HR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted for confounder^a	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age group (years)
<18	1.61 (0.78–3.35)	<0.01	Healthcare sector, ethnicity	1.57 (0.75–3.28)	<0.01
18–40	1			1
40–64	1.33 (1.03–1.73)			1.33 (1.01–1.74)
65–74	1.65 (1.22–2.24)			1.68 (1.22–2.32)
≥75	3.02 (2.2–4.14)			3.10 (2.21–4.35)
Ethnicity
White	1	0.08	Age, healthcare sector	1	0.40
Black	0.83 (0.66–1.03)			1.00 (0.80–1.26)
Mixed ancestry	0.68 (0.5–0.92)			0.79 (0.58–1.09)
Indian/Asian	0.91 (0.68–1.22)			0.97 (0.73–1.3)
Diabetes
Non-diabetic	1	0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	1	0.21
Diabetic	1.28 (1.07–1.53)		Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	1.13 (0.93–1.38)
Primary diagnosis
Cystic kidney disease	0.40 (0.15–1.09)	<0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.43 (0.16–1.15)	<0.01
Glomerular disease	0.91 (0.63–1.32)			1.08 (0.74–1.58)
Hypertensive renal disease	1			1
Diabetic nephropathy	1.10 (0.86–1.4)			1.03 (0.81–1.32)
Aetiology unknown	1.40 (1.14–1.71)			1.47 (1.19–1.82)
Other	1.79 (1.24–2.59)			1.80 (1.24–2.62)
First modality
TX	0.82 (0.26–2.56)	0.11	Age, ethnicity, diabetes, primary diagnosis and healthcare sector	0.63 (0.15–2.6)	0.24
PD	0.77 (0.60–0.98)			0.78 (0.57–1.06)
HD	1			1
Healthcare sector
Private	1.19 (0.94–1.50)	0.16	Age, ethnicity	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	0.61
Public	1		Age, ethnicity	1
Province
North West	0.78 (0.46–1.35)	<0.01	Ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.78 (0.45–1.38)	<0.01
Western Cape	1			1
Limpopo	1.20 (0.75–1.92)			1.22 (0.74–2.01)
KwaZulu-Natal	1.37 (1.03–1.82)			1.33 (0.94–1.86)
Gauteng	1.46 (1.11–1.93)			1.38 (1.01–1.90)
Eastern Cape	1.52 (1.09–2.13)			1.54 (1.07–2.22)
Free State	1.84 (1.26–2.68)			1.83 (1.21–2.76)
Mpumalanga	1.83 (1.16–2.88)			1.75 (1.08–2.85)
Northern Cape	2.51 (1.46–4.31)			2.45 (1.38–4.35)
Sex
Male	1	0.84	Age	1	0.99
Female	0.98 (0.83–1.17)		Age	1.00 (0.84–1.19)

Variable	Univariable model		Multivariable model
Variable	HR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted for confounder^a	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age group (years)
<18	1.61 (0.78–3.35)	<0.01	Healthcare sector, ethnicity	1.57 (0.75–3.28)	<0.01
18–40	1			1
40–64	1.33 (1.03–1.73)			1.33 (1.01–1.74)
65–74	1.65 (1.22–2.24)			1.68 (1.22–2.32)
≥75	3.02 (2.2–4.14)			3.10 (2.21–4.35)
Ethnicity
White	1	0.08	Age, healthcare sector	1	0.40
Black	0.83 (0.66–1.03)			1.00 (0.80–1.26)
Mixed ancestry	0.68 (0.5–0.92)			0.79 (0.58–1.09)
Indian/Asian	0.91 (0.68–1.22)			0.97 (0.73–1.3)
Diabetes
Non-diabetic	1	0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	1	0.21
Diabetic	1.28 (1.07–1.53)		Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	1.13 (0.93–1.38)
Primary diagnosis
Cystic kidney disease	0.40 (0.15–1.09)	<0.01	Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.43 (0.16–1.15)	<0.01
Glomerular disease	0.91 (0.63–1.32)			1.08 (0.74–1.58)
Hypertensive renal disease	1			1
Diabetic nephropathy	1.10 (0.86–1.4)			1.03 (0.81–1.32)
Aetiology unknown	1.40 (1.14–1.71)			1.47 (1.19–1.82)
Other	1.79 (1.24–2.59)			1.80 (1.24–2.62)
First modality
TX	0.82 (0.26–2.56)	0.11	Age, ethnicity, diabetes, primary diagnosis and healthcare sector	0.63 (0.15–2.6)	0.24
PD	0.77 (0.60–0.98)			0.78 (0.57–1.06)
HD	1			1
Healthcare sector
Private	1.19 (0.94–1.50)	0.16	Age, ethnicity	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	0.61
Public	1		Age, ethnicity	1
Province
North West	0.78 (0.46–1.35)	<0.01	Ethnicity and healthcare sector	0.78 (0.45–1.38)	<0.01
Western Cape	1			1
Limpopo	1.20 (0.75–1.92)			1.22 (0.74–2.01)
KwaZulu-Natal	1.37 (1.03–1.82)			1.33 (0.94–1.86)
Gauteng	1.46 (1.11–1.93)			1.38 (1.01–1.90)
Eastern Cape	1.52 (1.09–2.13)			1.54 (1.07–2.22)
Free State	1.84 (1.26–2.68)			1.83 (1.21–2.76)
Mpumalanga	1.83 (1.16–2.88)			1.75 (1.08–2.85)
Northern Cape	2.51 (1.46–4.31)			2.45 (1.38–4.35)
Sex
Male	1	0.84	Age	1	0.99
Female	0.98 (0.83–1.17)		Age	1.00 (0.84–1.19)

The confounders are selected based on the prior knowledge that they have an association with mortality and are associated with the variable of interest but not an effect of the variable of interest nor a factor in the causal pathway of mortality.

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