Simulation parameters for the normal force test (Test 1), the cohesive force test (Test 2), the normal impact test (Test 3), the oblique impact test (Test 4), the sliding test (Test 5), the rolling test (Test 6), and the spinning test (Test 7).
| Property . | Symbol . | Test 1 . | Test 2 . | Test 3 . | Test 4 . | Test 5 . | Test 6 . | Test 7 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time-step (|$\mu \mathrm{ s}$|) | t | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Body diameter (m) | d | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Body mass (kg) | m | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Young’s modulus (MPa) | E | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Poisson’s ratio | |$\nu$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Static friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ s}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Dynamic friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ k}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Rolling friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ r}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Spinning friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ t}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Cohesive force (N) | |$F_\mathrm{ c}$| | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gravity level (m s|$^{-2}$|) | g | 9.81 | 8–10 | 0 | 0 | 9.81 | 9.81 | 9.81 |
| Coefficient of restitution | e | 0.3 | 0 | 0–1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Property . | Symbol . | Test 1 . | Test 2 . | Test 3 . | Test 4 . | Test 5 . | Test 6 . | Test 7 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time-step (|$\mu \mathrm{ s}$|) | t | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Body diameter (m) | d | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Body mass (kg) | m | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Young’s modulus (MPa) | E | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Poisson’s ratio | |$\nu$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Static friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ s}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Dynamic friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ k}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Rolling friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ r}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Spinning friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ t}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Cohesive force (N) | |$F_\mathrm{ c}$| | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gravity level (m s|$^{-2}$|) | g | 9.81 | 8–10 | 0 | 0 | 9.81 | 9.81 | 9.81 |
| Coefficient of restitution | e | 0.3 | 0 | 0–1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Simulation parameters for the normal force test (Test 1), the cohesive force test (Test 2), the normal impact test (Test 3), the oblique impact test (Test 4), the sliding test (Test 5), the rolling test (Test 6), and the spinning test (Test 7).
| Property . | Symbol . | Test 1 . | Test 2 . | Test 3 . | Test 4 . | Test 5 . | Test 6 . | Test 7 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time-step (|$\mu \mathrm{ s}$|) | t | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Body diameter (m) | d | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Body mass (kg) | m | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Young’s modulus (MPa) | E | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Poisson’s ratio | |$\nu$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Static friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ s}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Dynamic friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ k}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Rolling friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ r}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Spinning friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ t}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Cohesive force (N) | |$F_\mathrm{ c}$| | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gravity level (m s|$^{-2}$|) | g | 9.81 | 8–10 | 0 | 0 | 9.81 | 9.81 | 9.81 |
| Coefficient of restitution | e | 0.3 | 0 | 0–1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Property . | Symbol . | Test 1 . | Test 2 . | Test 3 . | Test 4 . | Test 5 . | Test 6 . | Test 7 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time-step (|$\mu \mathrm{ s}$|) | t | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Body diameter (m) | d | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Body mass (kg) | m | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Young’s modulus (MPa) | E | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Poisson’s ratio | |$\nu$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Static friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ s}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Dynamic friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ k}$| | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Rolling friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ r}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Spinning friction coefficient | |$\mu _\mathrm{ t}$| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Cohesive force (N) | |$F_\mathrm{ c}$| | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gravity level (m s|$^{-2}$|) | g | 9.81 | 8–10 | 0 | 0 | 9.81 | 9.81 | 9.81 |
| Coefficient of restitution | e | 0.3 | 0 | 0–1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
