Adjusted Risk of Herpes Zoster and Persistent Post-Zoster Pain by Diabetes Status and Demographic Characteristics*
| . | Herpes Zoster . | Persistent Post-Zoster Pain, If Herpes Zoster . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio . | 95% Confidence Interval [CI] . | Odds Ratio . | 95% CI . | |
| Total study population | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.45 | (1.43–1.46) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.24) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.08 | (1.04–1.12) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.54–0.55) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.20 | (1.18–1.21) | 1.28 | (1.21–1.36) |
| ≥65 years | 1.28 | (1.26–1.29) | 2.65 | (2.53–2.77) |
| Immune competent | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 | (1.45–1.48) | 1.19 | (1.13–1.25) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.10 | (1.06–1.14) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.55–0.56) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.19 | (1.17–1.20) | 1.31 | (1.23–1.39) |
| ≥65 years | 1.24 | (1.23–1.26) | 2.69 | (2.56–2.81) |
| Immune compromised | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.10 | (1.07–1.14) | 1.10 | (0.95–1.27) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.27 | (1.24–1.31) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.02) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.75 | (0.73–0.78) | 0.62 | (0.51–0.75) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.15 | (1.11–1.20) | 1.01 | (0.84–1.21) |
| ≥65 years | 1.33 | (1.29–1.38) | 2.03 | (1.77–2.33) |
| . | Herpes Zoster . | Persistent Post-Zoster Pain, If Herpes Zoster . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio . | 95% Confidence Interval [CI] . | Odds Ratio . | 95% CI . | |
| Total study population | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.45 | (1.43–1.46) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.24) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.08 | (1.04–1.12) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.54–0.55) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.20 | (1.18–1.21) | 1.28 | (1.21–1.36) |
| ≥65 years | 1.28 | (1.26–1.29) | 2.65 | (2.53–2.77) |
| Immune competent | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 | (1.45–1.48) | 1.19 | (1.13–1.25) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.10 | (1.06–1.14) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.55–0.56) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.19 | (1.17–1.20) | 1.31 | (1.23–1.39) |
| ≥65 years | 1.24 | (1.23–1.26) | 2.69 | (2.56–2.81) |
| Immune compromised | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.10 | (1.07–1.14) | 1.10 | (0.95–1.27) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.27 | (1.24–1.31) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.02) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.75 | (0.73–0.78) | 0.62 | (0.51–0.75) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.15 | (1.11–1.20) | 1.01 | (0.84–1.21) |
| ≥65 years | 1.33 | (1.29–1.38) | 2.03 | (1.77–2.33) |
* Note: Hazard ratios were used for reporting adjusted risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Three separate Cox proportional hazard regression models were run. Each model's study populations was as follows: total study population (n = 51 007 975) in first model, immune competent only (n = 49 528 378) in second model, and immune compromised only (n = 1 479 597) in third model.
Odds ratios were used for reporting adjusted risk of persistent post-zoster pain among individuals with HZ. Three separate binary multivariate logistic regression models were run. Each model's study populations was as follows: individuals with HZ (n = 308 857) in first model, immune-competent individuals with HZ (n = 288 369) in second model, and immune-compromised individuals with HZ (n = 20 488) in third model.
For all regression models, the independent variables were diabetes, gender, and age groups. Abbreviation: Ref., reference category.
Adjusted Risk of Herpes Zoster and Persistent Post-Zoster Pain by Diabetes Status and Demographic Characteristics*
| . | Herpes Zoster . | Persistent Post-Zoster Pain, If Herpes Zoster . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio . | 95% Confidence Interval [CI] . | Odds Ratio . | 95% CI . | |
| Total study population | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.45 | (1.43–1.46) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.24) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.08 | (1.04–1.12) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.54–0.55) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.20 | (1.18–1.21) | 1.28 | (1.21–1.36) |
| ≥65 years | 1.28 | (1.26–1.29) | 2.65 | (2.53–2.77) |
| Immune competent | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 | (1.45–1.48) | 1.19 | (1.13–1.25) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.10 | (1.06–1.14) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.55–0.56) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.19 | (1.17–1.20) | 1.31 | (1.23–1.39) |
| ≥65 years | 1.24 | (1.23–1.26) | 2.69 | (2.56–2.81) |
| Immune compromised | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.10 | (1.07–1.14) | 1.10 | (0.95–1.27) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.27 | (1.24–1.31) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.02) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.75 | (0.73–0.78) | 0.62 | (0.51–0.75) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.15 | (1.11–1.20) | 1.01 | (0.84–1.21) |
| ≥65 years | 1.33 | (1.29–1.38) | 2.03 | (1.77–2.33) |
| . | Herpes Zoster . | Persistent Post-Zoster Pain, If Herpes Zoster . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio . | 95% Confidence Interval [CI] . | Odds Ratio . | 95% CI . | |
| Total study population | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.45 | (1.43–1.46) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.24) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.08 | (1.04–1.12) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.54–0.55) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.20 | (1.18–1.21) | 1.28 | (1.21–1.36) |
| ≥65 years | 1.28 | (1.26–1.29) | 2.65 | (2.53–2.77) |
| Immune competent | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 | (1.45–1.48) | 1.19 | (1.13–1.25) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.40 | (1.39–1.41) | 1.10 | (1.06–1.14) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.55 | (0.55–0.56) | 0.52 | (0.49–0.55) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.19 | (1.17–1.20) | 1.31 | (1.23–1.39) |
| ≥65 years | 1.24 | (1.23–1.26) | 2.69 | (2.56–2.81) |
| Immune compromised | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 1.10 | (1.07–1.14) | 1.10 | (0.95–1.27) |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.27 | (1.24–1.31) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.02) |
| Males | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–49 years | 0.75 | (0.73–0.78) | 0.62 | (0.51–0.75) |
| 50–59 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 60–64 years | 1.15 | (1.11–1.20) | 1.01 | (0.84–1.21) |
| ≥65 years | 1.33 | (1.29–1.38) | 2.03 | (1.77–2.33) |
* Note: Hazard ratios were used for reporting adjusted risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Three separate Cox proportional hazard regression models were run. Each model's study populations was as follows: total study population (n = 51 007 975) in first model, immune competent only (n = 49 528 378) in second model, and immune compromised only (n = 1 479 597) in third model.
Odds ratios were used for reporting adjusted risk of persistent post-zoster pain among individuals with HZ. Three separate binary multivariate logistic regression models were run. Each model's study populations was as follows: individuals with HZ (n = 308 857) in first model, immune-competent individuals with HZ (n = 288 369) in second model, and immune-compromised individuals with HZ (n = 20 488) in third model.
For all regression models, the independent variables were diabetes, gender, and age groups. Abbreviation: Ref., reference category.
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