Table 5. Open in new tab Characteristics...

Characteristics	LAM-Negative TB (N = 138)	LAM-Positive TB (N = 56)	P Value
Demographic and Education
Age (years)	35.3 ± 10.4	34.0 ± 7.5	.30
Male sex	83 (60.1)	34 (60.7)	1.0
Completed high school	50 (36.5)	15 (26.8)	.24
Clinical
Prior TB infection	9 (6.5)	5 (8.9)	.55
Currently smoke tobacco	32 (23.2)	8 (14.3)	.24
Body temperature	36.5 ± 1.2	36.5 ± 1.5	.77
Fever (temperature >38.3°C)	8 (9.4)	5 (10.2)	1.0
Heart rate	97.7 ± 22.9	115.2 ± 26.0	.0002
Tachycardia (>100 heart beats/minute)	39 (44.8)	32 (65.3)	.03
Systolic blood pressure	113.5 ± 16.0	104.7 ± 21.0	.01
Diastolic blood pressure	73.2 ± 16.3	68.3 ± 12.3	.06
TB-Related Symptoms
Current cough	60 (43.5)	32 (57.1)	.11
Fever	58 (42.0)	23 (41.1)	1.0
Night sweats	59 (42.8)	28 (50.0)	.43
Weight loss	75 (54.4)	30 (53.6)	1.0
Having any of 4 TB-related symptoms	104 (75.4)	46 (82.1)	.35
Having ≥2 TB-related symptoms	72 (52.2)	36 (64.3)	.15
CD4 Cell Count
Median [IQR] CD4 cells/mm³	115 [48–227]	61 [20–146]	.002
Low CD4 (<100 cells/mm³)	58 (45.3)	36 (66.7)	.01
Sputum AFB Microscopy Results
AFB negative	106 (80.9)	41 (77.4)	.37
AFB positive with “scant” or 1+	20 (15.3)	6 (11.3)
AFB positive with ≥2+	5 (3.8)	6 (11.3)
Sputum TB Culture Results
Liquid culture (MGIT) positive	78 (60.9)	38 (74.5)	.09
Solid culture positive	42 (32.1)	33 (64.7)	.0002
Either culture positive	82 (62.6)	41 (80.4)	.02
Treatment Outcomes
Failed, defaulted, or not completed treatment	39 (47.6)	21 (56.8)	.35
Death during 12-month follow-up period	19 (13.8)	19 (33.9)	.001

Characteristics

LAM-Negative TB
(N = 138)

LAM-Positive TB
(N = 56)

P Value

Mean ± SD or N (%)

Demographic and Education

Age (years)

35.3 ± 10.4

34.0 ± 7.5

.30

Male sex

83 (60.1)

34 (60.7)

1.0

Completed high school

50 (36.5)

15 (26.8)

.24

Clinical

Prior TB infection

9 (6.5)

5 (8.9)

.55

Currently smoke tobacco

32 (23.2)

8 (14.3)

.24

Body temperature

36.5 ± 1.2

36.5 ± 1.5

.77

Fever (temperature >38.3°C)

8 (9.4)

5 (10.2)

1.0

Heart rate

97.7 ± 22.9

115.2 ± 26.0

.0002

Tachycardia (>100 heart beats/minute)

39 (44.8)

32 (65.3)

.03

Systolic blood pressure

113.5 ± 16.0

104.7 ± 21.0

.01

Diastolic blood pressure

73.2 ± 16.3

68.3 ± 12.3

.06

TB-Related Symptoms

Current cough

60 (43.5)

32 (57.1)

.11

Fever

58 (42.0)

23 (41.1)

1.0

Night sweats

59 (42.8)

28 (50.0)

.43

Weight loss

75 (54.4)

30 (53.6)

1.0

Having any of 4 TB-related symptoms

104 (75.4)

46 (82.1)

.35

Having ≥2 TB-related symptoms

72 (52.2)

36 (64.3)

.15

CD4 Cell Count

Median [IQR] CD4 cells/mm³

115 [48–227]

61 [20–146]

.002

Low CD4 (<100 cells/mm³)

58 (45.3)

36 (66.7)

.01

Sputum AFB Microscopy Results

AFB negative

106 (80.9)

41 (77.4)

.37

AFB positive with “scant” or 1+

20 (15.3)

6 (11.3)

AFB positive with ≥2+

5 (3.8)

6 (11.3)

Sputum TB Culture Results

Liquid culture (MGIT) positive

78 (60.9)

38 (74.5)

.09

Solid culture positive

42 (32.1)

33 (64.7)

.0002

Either culture positive

82 (62.6)

41 (80.4)

.02

Treatment Outcomes

Failed, defaulted, or not completed treatment

39 (47.6)

21 (56.8)

.35

Death during 12-month follow-up period

19 (13.8)

19 (33.9)

.001

Characteristics	LAM-Negative TB (N = 138)	LAM-Positive TB (N = 56)	P Value
Demographic and Education
Age (years)	35.3 ± 10.4	34.0 ± 7.5	.30
Male sex	83 (60.1)	34 (60.7)	1.0
Completed high school	50 (36.5)	15 (26.8)	.24
Clinical
Prior TB infection	9 (6.5)	5 (8.9)	.55
Currently smoke tobacco	32 (23.2)	8 (14.3)	.24
Body temperature	36.5 ± 1.2	36.5 ± 1.5	.77
Fever (temperature >38.3°C)	8 (9.4)	5 (10.2)	1.0
Heart rate	97.7 ± 22.9	115.2 ± 26.0	.0002
Tachycardia (>100 heart beats/minute)	39 (44.8)	32 (65.3)	.03
Systolic blood pressure	113.5 ± 16.0	104.7 ± 21.0	.01
Diastolic blood pressure	73.2 ± 16.3	68.3 ± 12.3	.06
TB-Related Symptoms
Current cough	60 (43.5)	32 (57.1)	.11
Fever	58 (42.0)	23 (41.1)	1.0
Night sweats	59 (42.8)	28 (50.0)	.43
Weight loss	75 (54.4)	30 (53.6)	1.0
Having any of 4 TB-related symptoms	104 (75.4)	46 (82.1)	.35
Having ≥2 TB-related symptoms	72 (52.2)	36 (64.3)	.15
CD4 Cell Count
Median [IQR] CD4 cells/mm³	115 [48–227]	61 [20–146]	.002
Low CD4 (<100 cells/mm³)	58 (45.3)	36 (66.7)	.01
Sputum AFB Microscopy Results
AFB negative	106 (80.9)	41 (77.4)	.37
AFB positive with “scant” or 1+	20 (15.3)	6 (11.3)
AFB positive with ≥2+	5 (3.8)	6 (11.3)
Sputum TB Culture Results
Liquid culture (MGIT) positive	78 (60.9)	38 (74.5)	.09
Solid culture positive	42 (32.1)	33 (64.7)	.0002
Either culture positive	82 (62.6)	41 (80.4)	.02
Treatment Outcomes
Failed, defaulted, or not completed treatment	39 (47.6)	21 (56.8)	.35
Death during 12-month follow-up period	19 (13.8)	19 (33.9)	.001

Table 5.

Open in new tab

Characteristics Between LAM-Negative and LAM-Positive HIV-Associated Tuberculosis (N = 194)

Characteristics	LAM-Negative TB (N = 138)	LAM-Positive TB (N = 56)	P Value
Characteristics	Mean ± SD or N (%)	Mean ± SD or N (%)	P Value
Demographic and Education
Age (years)	35.3 ± 10.4	34.0 ± 7.5	.30
Male sex	83 (60.1)	34 (60.7)	1.0
Completed high school	50 (36.5)	15 (26.8)	.24
Clinical
Prior TB infection	9 (6.5)	5 (8.9)	.55
Currently smoke tobacco	32 (23.2)	8 (14.3)	.24
Body temperature	36.5 ± 1.2	36.5 ± 1.5	.77
Fever (temperature >38.3°C)	8 (9.4)	5 (10.2)	1.0
Heart rate	97.7 ± 22.9	115.2 ± 26.0	.0002
Tachycardia (>100 heart beats/minute)	39 (44.8)	32 (65.3)	.03
Systolic blood pressure	113.5 ± 16.0	104.7 ± 21.0	.01
Diastolic blood pressure	73.2 ± 16.3	68.3 ± 12.3	.06
TB-Related Symptoms
Current cough	60 (43.5)	32 (57.1)	.11
Fever	58 (42.0)	23 (41.1)	1.0
Night sweats	59 (42.8)	28 (50.0)	.43
Weight loss	75 (54.4)	30 (53.6)	1.0
Having any of 4 TB-related symptoms	104 (75.4)	46 (82.1)	.35
Having ≥2 TB-related symptoms	72 (52.2)	36 (64.3)	.15
CD4 Cell Count
Median [IQR] CD4 cells/mm³	115 [48–227]	61 [20–146]	.002
Low CD4 (<100 cells/mm³)	58 (45.3)	36 (66.7)	.01
Sputum AFB Microscopy Results
AFB negative	106 (80.9)	41 (77.4)	.37
AFB positive with “scant” or 1+	20 (15.3)	6 (11.3)
AFB positive with ≥2+	5 (3.8)	6 (11.3)
Sputum TB Culture Results
Liquid culture (MGIT) positive	78 (60.9)	38 (74.5)	.09
Solid culture positive	42 (32.1)	33 (64.7)	.0002
Either culture positive	82 (62.6)	41 (80.4)	.02
Treatment Outcomes
Failed, defaulted, or not completed treatment	39 (47.6)	21 (56.8)	.35
Death during 12-month follow-up period	19 (13.8)	19 (33.9)	.001

Characteristics	LAM-Negative TB (N = 138)	LAM-Positive TB (N = 56)	P Value
Characteristics	Mean ± SD or N (%)	Mean ± SD or N (%)	P Value
Demographic and Education
Age (years)	35.3 ± 10.4	34.0 ± 7.5	.30
Male sex	83 (60.1)	34 (60.7)	1.0
Completed high school	50 (36.5)	15 (26.8)	.24
Clinical
Prior TB infection	9 (6.5)	5 (8.9)	.55
Currently smoke tobacco	32 (23.2)	8 (14.3)	.24
Body temperature	36.5 ± 1.2	36.5 ± 1.5	.77
Fever (temperature >38.3°C)	8 (9.4)	5 (10.2)	1.0
Heart rate	97.7 ± 22.9	115.2 ± 26.0	.0002
Tachycardia (>100 heart beats/minute)	39 (44.8)	32 (65.3)	.03
Systolic blood pressure	113.5 ± 16.0	104.7 ± 21.0	.01
Diastolic blood pressure	73.2 ± 16.3	68.3 ± 12.3	.06
TB-Related Symptoms
Current cough	60 (43.5)	32 (57.1)	.11
Fever	58 (42.0)	23 (41.1)	1.0
Night sweats	59 (42.8)	28 (50.0)	.43
Weight loss	75 (54.4)	30 (53.6)	1.0
Having any of 4 TB-related symptoms	104 (75.4)	46 (82.1)	.35
Having ≥2 TB-related symptoms	72 (52.2)	36 (64.3)	.15
CD4 Cell Count
Median [IQR] CD4 cells/mm³	115 [48–227]	61 [20–146]	.002
Low CD4 (<100 cells/mm³)	58 (45.3)	36 (66.7)	.01
Sputum AFB Microscopy Results
AFB negative	106 (80.9)	41 (77.4)	.37
AFB positive with “scant” or 1+	20 (15.3)	6 (11.3)
AFB positive with ≥2+	5 (3.8)	6 (11.3)
Sputum TB Culture Results
Liquid culture (MGIT) positive	78 (60.9)	38 (74.5)	.09
Solid culture positive	42 (32.1)	33 (64.7)	.0002
Either culture positive	82 (62.6)	41 (80.4)	.02
Treatment Outcomes
Failed, defaulted, or not completed treatment	39 (47.6)	21 (56.8)	.35
Death during 12-month follow-up period	19 (13.8)	19 (33.9)	.001

Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; LAM, lipoarabinomannan; SD, standard deviation; TB, tuberculosis.

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