Descriptive Characteristics of the Key Measures as a Function of Preschoolers’ ADHD Risk Status at T0
| Variable . | Whole Sample (N = 208) . | High Risk (N = 135) . | Low Risk (N = 73) . | T (df) . | p . | d . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at T0 (years) | 4.31 (0.47) | 4.36 (0.47) | 4.23 (0.46) | −1.90 (206) | .06 | .28 |
| SES | 62.99 (17.84) | 59.80 (18.36) | 68.89 (15.26) | 3.61 (206) | .0004 | .54 |
| T-ADHD | 21.32 (16.54) | 30.44 (13.28) | 4.59 (4.34) | −16.16 (206) | <.0001 | 2.62 |
| P-ADHD | 21.08 (13.01) | 27.73 (11.03) | 8.78 (4.89) | −13.94 (206) | <.0001 | 2.22 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | χ2 (df) | p | φ/V | |
| Sex (male) | 151 (72.6) | 103 (68.2) | 48 (31.8) | 2.65 (1) | .10 | .11 |
| Ethnicity (Latinx) | 66 (31.7) | 47 (71.2) | 19 (28.8) | 1.69 (1) | .19 | .09 |
| Racea | 12.58 (3) | .006 | .25 | |||
| White | 119 (57.2) | 79 (66.4) | 40 (33.6) | |||
| Black/African American | 27 (13.0) | 22 (81.5) | 5 (18.5) | |||
| Asian | 23 (11.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | |||
| Biracial/Multiracial | 39 (18.8) | 26 (66.7) | 13 (33.3) | |||
| Variable . | Whole Sample (N = 208) . | High Risk (N = 135) . | Low Risk (N = 73) . | T (df) . | p . | d . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at T0 (years) | 4.31 (0.47) | 4.36 (0.47) | 4.23 (0.46) | −1.90 (206) | .06 | .28 |
| SES | 62.99 (17.84) | 59.80 (18.36) | 68.89 (15.26) | 3.61 (206) | .0004 | .54 |
| T-ADHD | 21.32 (16.54) | 30.44 (13.28) | 4.59 (4.34) | −16.16 (206) | <.0001 | 2.62 |
| P-ADHD | 21.08 (13.01) | 27.73 (11.03) | 8.78 (4.89) | −13.94 (206) | <.0001 | 2.22 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | χ2 (df) | p | φ/V | |
| Sex (male) | 151 (72.6) | 103 (68.2) | 48 (31.8) | 2.65 (1) | .10 | .11 |
| Ethnicity (Latinx) | 66 (31.7) | 47 (71.2) | 19 (28.8) | 1.69 (1) | .19 | .09 |
| Racea | 12.58 (3) | .006 | .25 | |||
| White | 119 (57.2) | 79 (66.4) | 40 (33.6) | |||
| Black/African American | 27 (13.0) | 22 (81.5) | 5 (18.5) | |||
| Asian | 23 (11.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | |||
| Biracial/Multiracial | 39 (18.8) | 26 (66.7) | 13 (33.3) | |||
Note. SES = socioeconomic status, measured using the Nakao and Treas (1994) Socioeconomic Index; T-ADHD = Teacher-rated ADHD severity assessed using the ADHD-RS-IV (DuPaul et al., 1998); P-ADHD = Parent-rated ADHD severity assessed using the ADHD-RS-IV (DuPaul et al., 1998).
Asian-identifying preschoolers were less likely to be classified as At Risk for ADHD than preschoolers identifying as any other race, χ2 = 5.37–11.29, p ≤ .02; no differences in ADHD risk classification were observed among preschoolers identifying as White, Black/African American, or Biracial/Multiracial, χ2 = 0.03–2.29, p ≥ .13.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Key Measures as a Function of Preschoolers’ ADHD Risk Status at T0
| Variable . | Whole Sample (N = 208) . | High Risk (N = 135) . | Low Risk (N = 73) . | T (df) . | p . | d . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at T0 (years) | 4.31 (0.47) | 4.36 (0.47) | 4.23 (0.46) | −1.90 (206) | .06 | .28 |
| SES | 62.99 (17.84) | 59.80 (18.36) | 68.89 (15.26) | 3.61 (206) | .0004 | .54 |
| T-ADHD | 21.32 (16.54) | 30.44 (13.28) | 4.59 (4.34) | −16.16 (206) | <.0001 | 2.62 |
| P-ADHD | 21.08 (13.01) | 27.73 (11.03) | 8.78 (4.89) | −13.94 (206) | <.0001 | 2.22 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | χ2 (df) | p | φ/V | |
| Sex (male) | 151 (72.6) | 103 (68.2) | 48 (31.8) | 2.65 (1) | .10 | .11 |
| Ethnicity (Latinx) | 66 (31.7) | 47 (71.2) | 19 (28.8) | 1.69 (1) | .19 | .09 |
| Racea | 12.58 (3) | .006 | .25 | |||
| White | 119 (57.2) | 79 (66.4) | 40 (33.6) | |||
| Black/African American | 27 (13.0) | 22 (81.5) | 5 (18.5) | |||
| Asian | 23 (11.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | |||
| Biracial/Multiracial | 39 (18.8) | 26 (66.7) | 13 (33.3) | |||
| Variable . | Whole Sample (N = 208) . | High Risk (N = 135) . | Low Risk (N = 73) . | T (df) . | p . | d . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at T0 (years) | 4.31 (0.47) | 4.36 (0.47) | 4.23 (0.46) | −1.90 (206) | .06 | .28 |
| SES | 62.99 (17.84) | 59.80 (18.36) | 68.89 (15.26) | 3.61 (206) | .0004 | .54 |
| T-ADHD | 21.32 (16.54) | 30.44 (13.28) | 4.59 (4.34) | −16.16 (206) | <.0001 | 2.62 |
| P-ADHD | 21.08 (13.01) | 27.73 (11.03) | 8.78 (4.89) | −13.94 (206) | <.0001 | 2.22 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | χ2 (df) | p | φ/V | |
| Sex (male) | 151 (72.6) | 103 (68.2) | 48 (31.8) | 2.65 (1) | .10 | .11 |
| Ethnicity (Latinx) | 66 (31.7) | 47 (71.2) | 19 (28.8) | 1.69 (1) | .19 | .09 |
| Racea | 12.58 (3) | .006 | .25 | |||
| White | 119 (57.2) | 79 (66.4) | 40 (33.6) | |||
| Black/African American | 27 (13.0) | 22 (81.5) | 5 (18.5) | |||
| Asian | 23 (11.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | |||
| Biracial/Multiracial | 39 (18.8) | 26 (66.7) | 13 (33.3) | |||
Note. SES = socioeconomic status, measured using the Nakao and Treas (1994) Socioeconomic Index; T-ADHD = Teacher-rated ADHD severity assessed using the ADHD-RS-IV (DuPaul et al., 1998); P-ADHD = Parent-rated ADHD severity assessed using the ADHD-RS-IV (DuPaul et al., 1998).
Asian-identifying preschoolers were less likely to be classified as At Risk for ADHD than preschoolers identifying as any other race, χ2 = 5.37–11.29, p ≤ .02; no differences in ADHD risk classification were observed among preschoolers identifying as White, Black/African American, or Biracial/Multiracial, χ2 = 0.03–2.29, p ≥ .13.
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