Table III.
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Associations of Macronutrient Predictors and Covariates With Glycemic Variability as the Outcome

Glycemic variability
β (SE)p
Carbohydrates
 Fixed effects
  Intercept36.88 (7.05)<.0001
  Time−.58 (1.27).65
  BP CHO.31 (0.12).01
  WP CHO−.13 (0.10).22
  WP CHO*breakfast−.11 (0.16).50
  WP CHO*lunch.31 (0.15).04
  WP CHO*snacks.27 (0.14).06
  WP CHO*dinner.16 (0.12).10
 Random effects
  Intercept variance197.36 (77.16).01
  Time slope variance12.68 (8.55).07
  Intercept-time slope covariance−48.39 (24.50).05
  Residual517.56 (40.93)<.0001
Proteins
 Fixed effects
  Intercept41.91 (6.20)<.0001
  Time−.60 (1.30).65
  BP PRO.52 (0.30).09
  WP PRO−.29 (0.12).02
  WP PRO*breakfast−.31 (0.36).38
  WP PRO*lunch−.59 (0.27).03
  WP PRO*snacks.62 (0.35).08
  WP PRO*dinner.42 (0.25).12
 Random effects
  Intercept variance211.71 (81.64).01
  Time slope variance14.76 (9.23).05
  Intercept-time slope covariance−53.90 (26.44).04
  Residual515.71 (40.72)<.0001
Fats
 Fixed effects
  Intercept38.67 (7.82)<.0001
  Time−.43 (1.32).75
  BP fats.83 (0.46).07
  WP fats−.40 (0.25).11
  WP fats*breakfast−.25 (0.40).53
  WP fats*lunch.58 (0.37).12
  WP fats*snacks.40 (0.37).28
  WP fats*dinner.38 (0.26).36
 Random effects
  Intercept variance202.72 (80.65).01
  Time slope variance14.54 (9.31).06
  Intercept-time slope covariance−52.41 (26.57).05
  Residual522.44 (41.28)<.0001
Glycemic variability
β (SE)p
Carbohydrates
 Fixed effects
  Intercept36.88 (7.05)<.0001
  Time−.58 (1.27).65
  BP CHO.31 (0.12).01
  WP CHO−.13 (0.10).22
  WP CHO*breakfast−.11 (0.16).50
  WP CHO*lunch.31 (0.15).04
  WP CHO*snacks.27 (0.14).06
  WP CHO*dinner.16 (0.12).10
 Random effects
  Intercept variance197.36 (77.16).01
  Time slope variance12.68 (8.55).07
  Intercept-time slope covariance−48.39 (24.50).05
  Residual517.56 (40.93)<.0001
Proteins
 Fixed effects
  Intercept41.91 (6.20)<.0001
  Time−.60 (1.30).65
  BP PRO.52 (0.30).09
  WP PRO−.29 (0.12).02
  WP PRO*breakfast−.31 (0.36).38
  WP PRO*lunch−.59 (0.27).03
  WP PRO*snacks.62 (0.35).08
  WP PRO*dinner.42 (0.25).12
 Random effects
  Intercept variance211.71 (81.64).01
  Time slope variance14.76 (9.23).05
  Intercept-time slope covariance−53.90 (26.44).04
  Residual515.71 (40.72)<.0001
Fats
 Fixed effects
  Intercept38.67 (7.82)<.0001
  Time−.43 (1.32).75
  BP fats.83 (0.46).07
  WP fats−.40 (0.25).11
  WP fats*breakfast−.25 (0.40).53
  WP fats*lunch.58 (0.37).12
  WP fats*snacks.40 (0.37).28
  WP fats*dinner.38 (0.26).36
 Random effects
  Intercept variance202.72 (80.65).01
  Time slope variance14.54 (9.31).06
  Intercept-time slope covariance−52.41 (26.57).05
  Residual522.44 (41.28)<.0001

Note. SE = standard error; BP = between person; WP = within person; CHO = carbohydrates; PRO = proteins; Bolded lines indiacte p < .05.  

Table III.
Open in new tab

Associations of Macronutrient Predictors and Covariates With Glycemic Variability as the Outcome

Glycemic variability
β (SE)p
Carbohydrates
 Fixed effects
  Intercept36.88 (7.05)<.0001
  Time−.58 (1.27).65
  BP CHO.31 (0.12).01
  WP CHO−.13 (0.10).22
  WP CHO*breakfast−.11 (0.16).50
  WP CHO*lunch.31 (0.15).04
  WP CHO*snacks.27 (0.14).06
  WP CHO*dinner.16 (0.12).10
 Random effects
  Intercept variance197.36 (77.16).01
  Time slope variance12.68 (8.55).07
  Intercept-time slope covariance−48.39 (24.50).05
  Residual517.56 (40.93)<.0001
Proteins
 Fixed effects
  Intercept41.91 (6.20)<.0001
  Time−.60 (1.30).65
  BP PRO.52 (0.30).09
  WP PRO−.29 (0.12).02
  WP PRO*breakfast−.31 (0.36).38
  WP PRO*lunch−.59 (0.27).03
  WP PRO*snacks.62 (0.35).08
  WP PRO*dinner.42 (0.25).12
 Random effects
  Intercept variance211.71 (81.64).01
  Time slope variance14.76 (9.23).05
  Intercept-time slope covariance−53.90 (26.44).04
  Residual515.71 (40.72)<.0001
Fats
 Fixed effects
  Intercept38.67 (7.82)<.0001
  Time−.43 (1.32).75
  BP fats.83 (0.46).07
  WP fats−.40 (0.25).11
  WP fats*breakfast−.25 (0.40).53
  WP fats*lunch.58 (0.37).12
  WP fats*snacks.40 (0.37).28
  WP fats*dinner.38 (0.26).36
 Random effects
  Intercept variance202.72 (80.65).01
  Time slope variance14.54 (9.31).06
  Intercept-time slope covariance−52.41 (26.57).05
  Residual522.44 (41.28)<.0001
Glycemic variability
β (SE)p
Carbohydrates
 Fixed effects
  Intercept36.88 (7.05)<.0001
  Time−.58 (1.27).65
  BP CHO.31 (0.12).01
  WP CHO−.13 (0.10).22
  WP CHO*breakfast−.11 (0.16).50
  WP CHO*lunch.31 (0.15).04
  WP CHO*snacks.27 (0.14).06
  WP CHO*dinner.16 (0.12).10
 Random effects
  Intercept variance197.36 (77.16).01
  Time slope variance12.68 (8.55).07
  Intercept-time slope covariance−48.39 (24.50).05
  Residual517.56 (40.93)<.0001
Proteins
 Fixed effects
  Intercept41.91 (6.20)<.0001
  Time−.60 (1.30).65
  BP PRO.52 (0.30).09
  WP PRO−.29 (0.12).02
  WP PRO*breakfast−.31 (0.36).38
  WP PRO*lunch−.59 (0.27).03
  WP PRO*snacks.62 (0.35).08
  WP PRO*dinner.42 (0.25).12
 Random effects
  Intercept variance211.71 (81.64).01
  Time slope variance14.76 (9.23).05
  Intercept-time slope covariance−53.90 (26.44).04
  Residual515.71 (40.72)<.0001
Fats
 Fixed effects
  Intercept38.67 (7.82)<.0001
  Time−.43 (1.32).75
  BP fats.83 (0.46).07
  WP fats−.40 (0.25).11
  WP fats*breakfast−.25 (0.40).53
  WP fats*lunch.58 (0.37).12
  WP fats*snacks.40 (0.37).28
  WP fats*dinner.38 (0.26).36
 Random effects
  Intercept variance202.72 (80.65).01
  Time slope variance14.54 (9.31).06
  Intercept-time slope covariance−52.41 (26.57).05
  Residual522.44 (41.28)<.0001

Note. SE = standard error; BP = between person; WP = within person; CHO = carbohydrates; PRO = proteins; Bolded lines indiacte p < .05.  

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