| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical subset . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . |
| Population air access, nearest airport . | Non population weighted centrality . | Modified speed assumptions . | Change in nearest airport ln distance . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–large, international airports . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–airports proposed 2010–2020 . | |
| Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | |
| Air transport access | 0.0950** | 0.2563** | 0.2618** | −0.1101** | −0.1096** | −0.1078** |
| (0.0423) | (0.1041) | (0.1025) | (0.0444) | (0.0450) | (0.0452) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0296] | [0.0492] | [0.0479] | [−0.0311] | [−0.0309] | [−0.0304] |
| International airport access | −0.0356 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | (0.0904) | — | |
| 1 SD effect size | [−0.0087] | |||||
| Future airport access | 0.0157 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | — | (0.0251) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0056] | |||||
| Observations | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 |
| R2 | 0.4561 | 0.4562 | 0.4563 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 |
| Industry fixed effects | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit |
| Initial airports | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lagged access | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical subset . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . |
| Population air access, nearest airport . | Non population weighted centrality . | Modified speed assumptions . | Change in nearest airport ln distance . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–large, international airports . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–airports proposed 2010–2020 . | |
| Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | |
| Air transport access | 0.0950** | 0.2563** | 0.2618** | −0.1101** | −0.1096** | −0.1078** |
| (0.0423) | (0.1041) | (0.1025) | (0.0444) | (0.0450) | (0.0452) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0296] | [0.0492] | [0.0479] | [−0.0311] | [−0.0309] | [−0.0304] |
| International airport access | −0.0356 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | (0.0904) | — | |
| 1 SD effect size | [−0.0087] | |||||
| Future airport access | 0.0157 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | — | (0.0251) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0056] | |||||
| Observations | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 |
| R2 | 0.4561 | 0.4562 | 0.4563 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 |
| Industry fixed effects | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit |
| Initial airports | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lagged access | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Notes: Table reports coefficients and standard errors from regression of changes in outcomes on changes in air transport access. Speeds in Column 4 changed to 600 km/h air speed, 75 km road speed, 1.5 h embark/disembark time, minimum 30-min flight time. For further notes, see Table 2. Significance: ***1%, **5%, *10%.
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical subset . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . |
| Population air access, nearest airport . | Non population weighted centrality . | Modified speed assumptions . | Change in nearest airport ln distance . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–large, international airports . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–airports proposed 2010–2020 . | |
| Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | |
| Air transport access | 0.0950** | 0.2563** | 0.2618** | −0.1101** | −0.1096** | −0.1078** |
| (0.0423) | (0.1041) | (0.1025) | (0.0444) | (0.0450) | (0.0452) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0296] | [0.0492] | [0.0479] | [−0.0311] | [−0.0309] | [−0.0304] |
| International airport access | −0.0356 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | (0.0904) | — | |
| 1 SD effect size | [−0.0087] | |||||
| Future airport access | 0.0157 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | — | (0.0251) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0056] | |||||
| Observations | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 |
| R2 | 0.4561 | 0.4562 | 0.4563 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 |
| Industry fixed effects | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit |
| Initial airports | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lagged access | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical subset . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . | Gross output . |
| Population air access, nearest airport . | Non population weighted centrality . | Modified speed assumptions . | Change in nearest airport ln distance . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–large, international airports . | Change in nearest airport ln distance–airports proposed 2010–2020 . | |
| Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | Incidentally treated . | |
| Air transport access | 0.0950** | 0.2563** | 0.2618** | −0.1101** | −0.1096** | −0.1078** |
| (0.0423) | (0.1041) | (0.1025) | (0.0444) | (0.0450) | (0.0452) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0296] | [0.0492] | [0.0479] | [−0.0311] | [−0.0309] | [−0.0304] |
| International airport access | −0.0356 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | (0.0904) | — | |
| 1 SD effect size | [−0.0087] | |||||
| Future airport access | 0.0157 | |||||
| — | — | — | — | — | (0.0251) | |
| 1 SD effect size | [0.0056] | |||||
| Observations | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 | 6904 |
| R2 | 0.4561 | 0.4562 | 0.4563 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 | 0.4562 |
| Industry fixed effects | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit | Two digit |
| Initial airports | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lagged access | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Notes: Table reports coefficients and standard errors from regression of changes in outcomes on changes in air transport access. Speeds in Column 4 changed to 600 km/h air speed, 75 km road speed, 1.5 h embark/disembark time, minimum 30-min flight time. For further notes, see Table 2. Significance: ***1%, **5%, *10%.
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