Table 5 Open in new tab Robustness...

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Air transport	0.2591**	0.2953**	0.2811	0.1565*	0.2628***	0.2524**	0.2704***
access	(0.1031)	(0.1372)	(0.1939)	(0.0886)	(0.0869)	(0.1082)	(0.1023)
1 SD effect size	[0.0472]	[0.0537]	[0.0512]	[0.0285]	[0.0478]	[0.0459]	[0.0492]
Observations	6904	5686	4318	7782	6904	5752	6904
R²	0.4562	0.4638	0.4644	0.4552	0.4616	0.4508	0.4562

	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output
Geographical subset or specification	Drop urban districts	Minimum 100 k to airports	Min. 100 km Max 200 km to airports	Trim top and bottom 5% access change	Trim top and bottom 5% change in gross output	First period 2001–2005	First period 2005–2009

Air transport	0.2644**	0.3956**	0.3693*	0.3762***	0.1620**	0.1924	0.3494***
access	(0.1311)	(0.1860)	(0.2041)	(0.1115)	(0.0782)	(0.1789)	(0.1051)
1 SD effect size	[0.0481]	[0.0720]	[0.0672]	[0.0685]	[0.0295]	[0.0350]	[0.0636]
Observations	5610	3924	3741	6207	6236	3310	3594
R²	0.4449	0.4629	0.4718	0.4599	0.3489	0.4161	0.5292

Production controls		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry		Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit
Nearest 2000 airport		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lagged access		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Geographical subset or specification

Gross output

60% buffer

50% buffer

40% buffer

70% buffer

Include nearest new airport dummies

Drop counties with high-speed rail lines

Infrastructure controls

Air transport

0.2591**

0.2953**

0.2811

0.1565*

0.2628***

0.2524**

0.2704***

access

(0.1031)

(0.1372)

(0.1939)

(0.0886)

(0.0869)

(0.1082)

(0.1023)

1 SD effect size

[0.0472]

[0.0537]

[0.0512]

[0.0285]

[0.0478]

[0.0459]

[0.0492]

Observations

6904

5686

4318

7782

6904

5752

6904

R²

0.4562

0.4638

0.4644

0.4552

0.4616

0.4508

0.4562

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

Gross output

Geographical subset or specification

Drop urban districts

Minimum 100 k to airports

Min. 100 km Max 200 km to airports

Trim top and bottom 5% access change

Trim top and bottom 5% change in gross output

First period 2001–2005

First period 2005–2009

Air transport

0.2644**

0.3956**

0.3693*

0.3762***

0.1620**

0.1924

0.3494***

access

(0.1311)

(0.1860)

(0.2041)

(0.1115)

(0.0782)

(0.1789)

(0.1051)

1 SD effect size

[0.0481]

[0.0720]

[0.0672]

[0.0685]

[0.0295]

[0.0350]

[0.0636]

Observations

5610

3924

3741

6207

6236

3310

3594

R²

0.4449

0.4629

0.4718

0.4599

0.3489

0.4161

0.5292

Production controls

Yes

Industry

Two digit

Nearest 2000 airport

Yes

Lagged access

Yes

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Air transport	0.2591**	0.2953**	0.2811	0.1565*	0.2628***	0.2524**	0.2704***
access	(0.1031)	(0.1372)	(0.1939)	(0.0886)	(0.0869)	(0.1082)	(0.1023)
1 SD effect size	[0.0472]	[0.0537]	[0.0512]	[0.0285]	[0.0478]	[0.0459]	[0.0492]
Observations	6904	5686	4318	7782	6904	5752	6904
R²	0.4562	0.4638	0.4644	0.4552	0.4616	0.4508	0.4562

	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output
Geographical subset or specification	Drop urban districts	Minimum 100 k to airports	Min. 100 km Max 200 km to airports	Trim top and bottom 5% access change	Trim top and bottom 5% change in gross output	First period 2001–2005	First period 2005–2009

Air transport	0.2644**	0.3956**	0.3693*	0.3762***	0.1620**	0.1924	0.3494***
access	(0.1311)	(0.1860)	(0.2041)	(0.1115)	(0.0782)	(0.1789)	(0.1051)
1 SD effect size	[0.0481]	[0.0720]	[0.0672]	[0.0685]	[0.0295]	[0.0350]	[0.0636]
Observations	5610	3924	3741	6207	6236	3310	3594
R²	0.4449	0.4629	0.4718	0.4599	0.3489	0.4161	0.5292

Production controls		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry		Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit
Nearest 2000 airport		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lagged access		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Table 5

Open in new tab

Robustness tests, industrial firm data, 2001–2005–2009

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Geographical subset or specification	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output
Geographical subset or specification	60% buffer	50% buffer	40% buffer	70% buffer	Include nearest new airport dummies	Drop counties with high-speed rail lines	Infrastructure controls
Air transport	0.2591**	0.2953**	0.2811	0.1565*	0.2628***	0.2524**	0.2704***
access	(0.1031)	(0.1372)	(0.1939)	(0.0886)	(0.0869)	(0.1082)	(0.1023)
1 SD effect size	[0.0472]	[0.0537]	[0.0512]	[0.0285]	[0.0478]	[0.0459]	[0.0492]
Observations	6904	5686	4318	7782	6904	5752	6904
R²	0.4562	0.4638	0.4644	0.4552	0.4616	0.4508	0.4562

	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output
Geographical subset or specification	Drop urban districts	Minimum 100 k to airports	Min. 100 km Max 200 km to airports	Trim top and bottom 5% access change	Trim top and bottom 5% change in gross output	First period 2001–2005	First period 2005–2009

Air transport	0.2644**	0.3956**	0.3693*	0.3762***	0.1620**	0.1924	0.3494***
access	(0.1311)	(0.1860)	(0.2041)	(0.1115)	(0.0782)	(0.1789)	(0.1051)
1 SD effect size	[0.0481]	[0.0720]	[0.0672]	[0.0685]	[0.0295]	[0.0350]	[0.0636]
Observations	5610	3924	3741	6207	6236	3310	3594
R²	0.4449	0.4629	0.4718	0.4599	0.3489	0.4161	0.5292

Production controls		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry		Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit
Nearest 2000 airport		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lagged access		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Geographical subset or specification	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output
Geographical subset or specification	60% buffer	50% buffer	40% buffer	70% buffer	Include nearest new airport dummies	Drop counties with high-speed rail lines	Infrastructure controls
Air transport	0.2591**	0.2953**	0.2811	0.1565*	0.2628***	0.2524**	0.2704***
access	(0.1031)	(0.1372)	(0.1939)	(0.0886)	(0.0869)	(0.1082)	(0.1023)
1 SD effect size	[0.0472]	[0.0537]	[0.0512]	[0.0285]	[0.0478]	[0.0459]	[0.0492]
Observations	6904	5686	4318	7782	6904	5752	6904
R²	0.4562	0.4638	0.4644	0.4552	0.4616	0.4508	0.4562

	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output	Gross output
Geographical subset or specification	Drop urban districts	Minimum 100 k to airports	Min. 100 km Max 200 km to airports	Trim top and bottom 5% access change	Trim top and bottom 5% change in gross output	First period 2001–2005	First period 2005–2009

Air transport	0.2644**	0.3956**	0.3693*	0.3762***	0.1620**	0.1924	0.3494***
access	(0.1311)	(0.1860)	(0.2041)	(0.1115)	(0.0782)	(0.1789)	(0.1051)
1 SD effect size	[0.0481]	[0.0720]	[0.0672]	[0.0685]	[0.0295]	[0.0350]	[0.0636]
Observations	5610	3924	3741	6207	6236	3310	3594
R²	0.4449	0.4629	0.4718	0.4599	0.3489	0.4161	0.5292

Production controls		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry		Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit	Two digit
Nearest 2000 airport		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lagged access		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Notes: Notes as in Table 2. Infrastructure controls in Column 7: distance to highways in 2011, distance to high-speed rail lines open by 2011, change in distance to nearest industrial park or Special Economic zone, between 2000 and 2004, or 2004 and 2008. Significance: ***1%, **5%, *10%.

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