Notes: Table reports coefficients and standard errors from regression of 2010–2006 and 2006–2002 changes in outcomes on 2009–2005 and 2005–2001 changes in the air transport access index. Air transport access is sum of inverse travel time weighted census 2000 county populations. Travel times imputed as described in text. Data from county statistical yearbooks. Standard errors clustered on nearest airport (approximately 125 clusters). All regressions include controls for initial nearest airport × time period fixed, effects based on Year 2000 airports (approximately 125–130 categories). Initial access trend control is the air transport access index in the first year of each period. Incidentally treated geographical subset is the subset of counties for which absolute value of difference between nearest airport distance at beginning of period (2001, 2005) and distance to new airports constructed during time period (2001–2005 or 2005–2009) is <60% of the distance at beginning of period. Monetary variables are nominal. Values deflated using province-year-specific consumer price indices yield almost identical results. Note, sample sizes vary due to missing county data. Tertiary GDP only available for limited number of counties in 2002, hence lower number of observations. Primary sector is agriculture, forestry and fishery, secondary sector is mining and manufacturing, tertiary sector is services. Significance: ***1%, **5%, *10%.