Table 2.

Top 20 AEs ranked by odds ratios for the most frequent opioids

RankOxycodoneHydrocodoneMorphineFentanylCodeine
1Drug abuseCompleted suicideDrug hypersensitivityDrug abuseDrug hypersensitivity
2Cardiorespiratory arrestDrug abuseHypersensitivityProduct quality issueDrug abuse
3Cardiac arrestCardiorespiratory arrestLethargyToxicity to various agentsHypersensitivity
4ConstipationBack painToxicity to various agentsEmotional distressOverdose
5Completed suicideGastroesophageal reflux diseaseDrug abuseDrug effect decreasedToxicity to various agents
6SinusitisAnxietyCardiac arrestCardiac arrestHallucination
7Toxicity to various agentsEmotional distressSomnolenceOverdoseEmotional distress
8Back painSinusitisOverdoseHyperhidrosisBronchitis
9DehydrationCardiac arrestRespiratory failureBack painCompleted suicide
10Neuropathy peripheralPulmonary embolismHallucinationDepressionDeep vein thrombosis
11Disease progressionAmnesiaGeneral physical health deteriorationDrug ineffectiveEpistaxis
12Pulmonary embolismDepressionBack painConstipationJoint swelling
13InjuryDiabetes mellitusPulmonary embolismRespiratory failureSinusitis
14Decreased appetiteCardiac failure congestiveDeathAmnesiaDysphagia
15Pleural effusionArthralgiaCompleted suicideInjuryDrug interaction
16Abdominal painDeep vein thrombosisDisease progressionRenal impairmentRheumatoid arthritis
17DepressionNeuropathy peripheralConstipationRenal failureHyperhidrosis
18HypokalemiaHypoesthesiaDepressionLoss of consciousnessCerebrovascular accident
19Emotional distressWeight increasedVomitingCardiorespiratory arrestThrombosis
20Memory impairmentGait disturbanceLoss of consciousnessUrinary tract infectionCardiorespiratory arrest
RankOxycodoneHydrocodoneMorphineFentanylCodeine
1Drug abuseCompleted suicideDrug hypersensitivityDrug abuseDrug hypersensitivity
2Cardiorespiratory arrestDrug abuseHypersensitivityProduct quality issueDrug abuse
3Cardiac arrestCardiorespiratory arrestLethargyToxicity to various agentsHypersensitivity
4ConstipationBack painToxicity to various agentsEmotional distressOverdose
5Completed suicideGastroesophageal reflux diseaseDrug abuseDrug effect decreasedToxicity to various agents
6SinusitisAnxietyCardiac arrestCardiac arrestHallucination
7Toxicity to various agentsEmotional distressSomnolenceOverdoseEmotional distress
8Back painSinusitisOverdoseHyperhidrosisBronchitis
9DehydrationCardiac arrestRespiratory failureBack painCompleted suicide
10Neuropathy peripheralPulmonary embolismHallucinationDepressionDeep vein thrombosis
11Disease progressionAmnesiaGeneral physical health deteriorationDrug ineffectiveEpistaxis
12Pulmonary embolismDepressionBack painConstipationJoint swelling
13InjuryDiabetes mellitusPulmonary embolismRespiratory failureSinusitis
14Decreased appetiteCardiac failure congestiveDeathAmnesiaDysphagia
15Pleural effusionArthralgiaCompleted suicideInjuryDrug interaction
16Abdominal painDeep vein thrombosisDisease progressionRenal impairmentRheumatoid arthritis
17DepressionNeuropathy peripheralConstipationRenal failureHyperhidrosis
18HypokalemiaHypoesthesiaDepressionLoss of consciousnessCerebrovascular accident
19Emotional distressWeight increasedVomitingCardiorespiratory arrestThrombosis
20Memory impairmentGait disturbanceLoss of consciousnessUrinary tract infectionCardiorespiratory arrest

Abbreviations: AE: adverse events.

Table 2.

Top 20 AEs ranked by odds ratios for the most frequent opioids

RankOxycodoneHydrocodoneMorphineFentanylCodeine
1Drug abuseCompleted suicideDrug hypersensitivityDrug abuseDrug hypersensitivity
2Cardiorespiratory arrestDrug abuseHypersensitivityProduct quality issueDrug abuse
3Cardiac arrestCardiorespiratory arrestLethargyToxicity to various agentsHypersensitivity
4ConstipationBack painToxicity to various agentsEmotional distressOverdose
5Completed suicideGastroesophageal reflux diseaseDrug abuseDrug effect decreasedToxicity to various agents
6SinusitisAnxietyCardiac arrestCardiac arrestHallucination
7Toxicity to various agentsEmotional distressSomnolenceOverdoseEmotional distress
8Back painSinusitisOverdoseHyperhidrosisBronchitis
9DehydrationCardiac arrestRespiratory failureBack painCompleted suicide
10Neuropathy peripheralPulmonary embolismHallucinationDepressionDeep vein thrombosis
11Disease progressionAmnesiaGeneral physical health deteriorationDrug ineffectiveEpistaxis
12Pulmonary embolismDepressionBack painConstipationJoint swelling
13InjuryDiabetes mellitusPulmonary embolismRespiratory failureSinusitis
14Decreased appetiteCardiac failure congestiveDeathAmnesiaDysphagia
15Pleural effusionArthralgiaCompleted suicideInjuryDrug interaction
16Abdominal painDeep vein thrombosisDisease progressionRenal impairmentRheumatoid arthritis
17DepressionNeuropathy peripheralConstipationRenal failureHyperhidrosis
18HypokalemiaHypoesthesiaDepressionLoss of consciousnessCerebrovascular accident
19Emotional distressWeight increasedVomitingCardiorespiratory arrestThrombosis
20Memory impairmentGait disturbanceLoss of consciousnessUrinary tract infectionCardiorespiratory arrest
RankOxycodoneHydrocodoneMorphineFentanylCodeine
1Drug abuseCompleted suicideDrug hypersensitivityDrug abuseDrug hypersensitivity
2Cardiorespiratory arrestDrug abuseHypersensitivityProduct quality issueDrug abuse
3Cardiac arrestCardiorespiratory arrestLethargyToxicity to various agentsHypersensitivity
4ConstipationBack painToxicity to various agentsEmotional distressOverdose
5Completed suicideGastroesophageal reflux diseaseDrug abuseDrug effect decreasedToxicity to various agents
6SinusitisAnxietyCardiac arrestCardiac arrestHallucination
7Toxicity to various agentsEmotional distressSomnolenceOverdoseEmotional distress
8Back painSinusitisOverdoseHyperhidrosisBronchitis
9DehydrationCardiac arrestRespiratory failureBack painCompleted suicide
10Neuropathy peripheralPulmonary embolismHallucinationDepressionDeep vein thrombosis
11Disease progressionAmnesiaGeneral physical health deteriorationDrug ineffectiveEpistaxis
12Pulmonary embolismDepressionBack painConstipationJoint swelling
13InjuryDiabetes mellitusPulmonary embolismRespiratory failureSinusitis
14Decreased appetiteCardiac failure congestiveDeathAmnesiaDysphagia
15Pleural effusionArthralgiaCompleted suicideInjuryDrug interaction
16Abdominal painDeep vein thrombosisDisease progressionRenal impairmentRheumatoid arthritis
17DepressionNeuropathy peripheralConstipationRenal failureHyperhidrosis
18HypokalemiaHypoesthesiaDepressionLoss of consciousnessCerebrovascular accident
19Emotional distressWeight increasedVomitingCardiorespiratory arrestThrombosis
20Memory impairmentGait disturbanceLoss of consciousnessUrinary tract infectionCardiorespiratory arrest

Abbreviations: AE: adverse events.

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