Table 2. Open in new tab Unadjusted and...

	Univariate Analysis	Multivariate Model 1 Excluding OPV	Multivariate Model 2^a Including OPV
Sex (ref: female)
Male	0.88 [0.66–1.19]
Lifestyle (ref: urban)
Rural	1.19 [0.80–1.79]
Nomadic	1.11 [0.75–1.65]
Transport time^b (continuous)	1.01 [0.98–1.03]
OPV (ref: 0 doses)
1–2	0.69 [0.38–1.22]		0.81 [0.43–1.47]
≥3	0.62 [0.43–0.90]		0.74 [0.46–1.20]
Access (ref: accessible)
Partially accessible	1.07 [0.75–1.52]	1.13 [0.78–1.61]	1.04 [0.70–1.53]
Inaccessible	1.74 [1.15–2.59]	1.75 [1.14–2.65]	1.44 [0.84–2.43]
Age (ref: 0–1), y
1–5	1.12 [0.72–1.80]	1.07 [0.68–1.73]	1.09 [0.69–1.79]
≥5	0.41 [0.20–0.81]	0.42 [0.20–0.85]	0.44 [0.21–0.89]
Notified by (ref: other)
VPV	1.15 [0.86–1.55]	1.04 [0.76–1.42]	1.03 [0.75–1.42]
Sabin detection (ref: no)
Yes	1.82 [1.10–2.92]	1.79 [1.07–2.90]	1.80 [1.08–2.91]
Year (continuous)	1.05 [0.93–1.19]	1.04 [0.92–1.19]	1.05 [0.92–1.20]

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Model 1 Excluding OPV

Multivariate Model 2^a Including OPV

Unadjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Sex (ref: female)

Male

0.88 [0.66–1.19]

Lifestyle (ref: urban)

Rural

1.19 [0.80–1.79]

Nomadic

1.11 [0.75–1.65]

Transport time^b (continuous)

1.01 [0.98–1.03]

OPV (ref: 0 doses)

1–2

0.69 [0.38–1.22]

0.81 [0.43–1.47]

≥3

0.62 [0.43–0.90]

0.74 [0.46–1.20]

Access (ref: accessible)

Partially accessible

1.07 [0.75–1.52]

1.13 [0.78–1.61]

1.04 [0.70–1.53]

Inaccessible

1.74 [1.15–2.59]

1.75 [1.14–2.65]

1.44 [0.84–2.43]

Age (ref: 0–1), y

1–5

1.12 [0.72–1.80]

1.07 [0.68–1.73]

1.09 [0.69–1.79]

≥5

0.41 [0.20–0.81]

0.42 [0.20–0.85]

0.44 [0.21–0.89]

Notified by (ref: other)

VPV

1.15 [0.86–1.55]

1.04 [0.76–1.42]

1.03 [0.75–1.42]

Sabin detection (ref: no)

Yes

1.82 [1.10–2.92]

1.79 [1.07–2.90]

1.80 [1.08–2.91]

Year (continuous)

1.05 [0.93–1.19]

1.04 [0.92–1.19]

1.05 [0.92–1.20]

	Univariate Analysis	Multivariate Model 1 Excluding OPV	Multivariate Model 2^a Including OPV
Sex (ref: female)
Male	0.88 [0.66–1.19]
Lifestyle (ref: urban)
Rural	1.19 [0.80–1.79]
Nomadic	1.11 [0.75–1.65]
Transport time^b (continuous)	1.01 [0.98–1.03]
OPV (ref: 0 doses)
1–2	0.69 [0.38–1.22]		0.81 [0.43–1.47]
≥3	0.62 [0.43–0.90]		0.74 [0.46–1.20]
Access (ref: accessible)
Partially accessible	1.07 [0.75–1.52]	1.13 [0.78–1.61]	1.04 [0.70–1.53]
Inaccessible	1.74 [1.15–2.59]	1.75 [1.14–2.65]	1.44 [0.84–2.43]
Age (ref: 0–1), y
1–5	1.12 [0.72–1.80]	1.07 [0.68–1.73]	1.09 [0.69–1.79]
≥5	0.41 [0.20–0.81]	0.42 [0.20–0.85]	0.44 [0.21–0.89]
Notified by (ref: other)
VPV	1.15 [0.86–1.55]	1.04 [0.76–1.42]	1.03 [0.75–1.42]
Sabin detection (ref: no)
Yes	1.82 [1.10–2.92]	1.79 [1.07–2.90]	1.80 [1.08–2.91]
Year (continuous)	1.05 [0.93–1.19]	1.04 [0.92–1.19]	1.05 [0.92–1.20]

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations With Nonpolio Enterovirus Detection Rate in Stool Specimens Collected From Acute Flaccid Paralysis Case Patients—Somalia, 2014–2017 (n = 1348)

	Univariate Analysis	Multivariate Model 1 Excluding OPV	Multivariate Model 2^a Including OPV
	Unadjusted OR [95% CI]	Adjusted OR [95% CI]	Adjusted OR [95% CI]
Sex (ref: female)
Male	0.88 [0.66–1.19]
Lifestyle (ref: urban)
Rural	1.19 [0.80–1.79]
Nomadic	1.11 [0.75–1.65]
Transport time^b (continuous)	1.01 [0.98–1.03]
OPV (ref: 0 doses)
1–2	0.69 [0.38–1.22]		0.81 [0.43–1.47]
≥3	0.62 [0.43–0.90]		0.74 [0.46–1.20]
Access (ref: accessible)
Partially accessible	1.07 [0.75–1.52]	1.13 [0.78–1.61]	1.04 [0.70–1.53]
Inaccessible	1.74 [1.15–2.59]	1.75 [1.14–2.65]	1.44 [0.84–2.43]
Age (ref: 0–1), y
1–5	1.12 [0.72–1.80]	1.07 [0.68–1.73]	1.09 [0.69–1.79]
≥5	0.41 [0.20–0.81]	0.42 [0.20–0.85]	0.44 [0.21–0.89]
Notified by (ref: other)
VPV	1.15 [0.86–1.55]	1.04 [0.76–1.42]	1.03 [0.75–1.42]
Sabin detection (ref: no)
Yes	1.82 [1.10–2.92]	1.79 [1.07–2.90]	1.80 [1.08–2.91]
Year (continuous)	1.05 [0.93–1.19]	1.04 [0.92–1.19]	1.05 [0.92–1.20]

	Univariate Analysis	Multivariate Model 1 Excluding OPV	Multivariate Model 2^a Including OPV
	Unadjusted OR [95% CI]	Adjusted OR [95% CI]	Adjusted OR [95% CI]
Sex (ref: female)
Male	0.88 [0.66–1.19]
Lifestyle (ref: urban)
Rural	1.19 [0.80–1.79]
Nomadic	1.11 [0.75–1.65]
Transport time^b (continuous)	1.01 [0.98–1.03]
OPV (ref: 0 doses)
1–2	0.69 [0.38–1.22]		0.81 [0.43–1.47]
≥3	0.62 [0.43–0.90]		0.74 [0.46–1.20]
Access (ref: accessible)
Partially accessible	1.07 [0.75–1.52]	1.13 [0.78–1.61]	1.04 [0.70–1.53]
Inaccessible	1.74 [1.15–2.59]	1.75 [1.14–2.65]	1.44 [0.84–2.43]
Age (ref: 0–1), y
1–5	1.12 [0.72–1.80]	1.07 [0.68–1.73]	1.09 [0.69–1.79]
≥5	0.41 [0.20–0.81]	0.42 [0.20–0.85]	0.44 [0.21–0.89]
Notified by (ref: other)
VPV	1.15 [0.86–1.55]	1.04 [0.76–1.42]	1.03 [0.75–1.42]
Sabin detection (ref: no)
Yes	1.82 [1.10–2.92]	1.79 [1.07–2.90]	1.80 [1.08–2.91]
Year (continuous)	1.05 [0.93–1.19]	1.04 [0.92–1.19]	1.05 [0.92–1.20]

P values <.05 are bolded.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OPV, oral poliovirus vaccine; OR, odds ratio; VPV, Village Polio Volunteers.

^aUsing logistic regression models.

^bFrom second stool collection to laboratory receipt (in days).

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