Table 1.
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Characteristics of study participants

Mean (SD) or N (%)
10–15 weeks of gestation
N102
Age (years)32.0 (4.9)
Gestational age (weeks)12.6 (1.6)
Race-Ethnicity
 Hispanic/Latina24 (23.5%)
 Non-Hispanic/Latina
  White53 (52.0%)
  Black/African-American13 (12.8%)
  Asian9 (8.8%)
  Other/Multiple3 (2.9%)
College graduate84 (82%)
Nulliparous48 (47.1%)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)29.9 (6.7)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 91)12.8 (0.7)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 91)89.2 (4.0)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 89)13.0 (0.9)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (22.2)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.25 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.0 (8.2)
24–30 weeks of gestation
N73
Gestational age (weeks)26.6 (1.9)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)31.8 (5.9)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 69)11.8 (0.8)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 69)91.2 (4.6)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 69)13.3 (0.7)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)111.2 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.10 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)99.6 (8.5)
Postpartum
N42
Time postpartum (weeks)10.2 (4.5)
Breastfeeding status
 Exclusively breastfeeding19 (47.5%)
 Breastfeeding and formula feeding14 (35.0%)
 Formula feeding only7 (17.5%)
Body Mass Indexa, (kg/m2)30.0 (6.1)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)105.1 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.28 (0.2)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (6.9)
Mean (SD) or N (%)
10–15 weeks of gestation
N102
Age (years)32.0 (4.9)
Gestational age (weeks)12.6 (1.6)
Race-Ethnicity
 Hispanic/Latina24 (23.5%)
 Non-Hispanic/Latina
  White53 (52.0%)
  Black/African-American13 (12.8%)
  Asian9 (8.8%)
  Other/Multiple3 (2.9%)
College graduate84 (82%)
Nulliparous48 (47.1%)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)29.9 (6.7)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 91)12.8 (0.7)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 91)89.2 (4.0)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 89)13.0 (0.9)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (22.2)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.25 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.0 (8.2)
24–30 weeks of gestation
N73
Gestational age (weeks)26.6 (1.9)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)31.8 (5.9)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 69)11.8 (0.8)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 69)91.2 (4.6)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 69)13.3 (0.7)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)111.2 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.10 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)99.6 (8.5)
Postpartum
N42
Time postpartum (weeks)10.2 (4.5)
Breastfeeding status
 Exclusively breastfeeding19 (47.5%)
 Breastfeeding and formula feeding14 (35.0%)
 Formula feeding only7 (17.5%)
Body Mass Indexa, (kg/m2)30.0 (6.1)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)105.1 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.28 (0.2)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (6.9)

aBody mass index was calculated from height measured at the 1st visit, and weight measured at each visit.

Table 1.
Open in new tab

Characteristics of study participants

Mean (SD) or N (%)
10–15 weeks of gestation
N102
Age (years)32.0 (4.9)
Gestational age (weeks)12.6 (1.6)
Race-Ethnicity
 Hispanic/Latina24 (23.5%)
 Non-Hispanic/Latina
  White53 (52.0%)
  Black/African-American13 (12.8%)
  Asian9 (8.8%)
  Other/Multiple3 (2.9%)
College graduate84 (82%)
Nulliparous48 (47.1%)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)29.9 (6.7)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 91)12.8 (0.7)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 91)89.2 (4.0)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 89)13.0 (0.9)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (22.2)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.25 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.0 (8.2)
24–30 weeks of gestation
N73
Gestational age (weeks)26.6 (1.9)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)31.8 (5.9)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 69)11.8 (0.8)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 69)91.2 (4.6)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 69)13.3 (0.7)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)111.2 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.10 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)99.6 (8.5)
Postpartum
N42
Time postpartum (weeks)10.2 (4.5)
Breastfeeding status
 Exclusively breastfeeding19 (47.5%)
 Breastfeeding and formula feeding14 (35.0%)
 Formula feeding only7 (17.5%)
Body Mass Indexa, (kg/m2)30.0 (6.1)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)105.1 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.28 (0.2)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (6.9)
Mean (SD) or N (%)
10–15 weeks of gestation
N102
Age (years)32.0 (4.9)
Gestational age (weeks)12.6 (1.6)
Race-Ethnicity
 Hispanic/Latina24 (23.5%)
 Non-Hispanic/Latina
  White53 (52.0%)
  Black/African-American13 (12.8%)
  Asian9 (8.8%)
  Other/Multiple3 (2.9%)
College graduate84 (82%)
Nulliparous48 (47.1%)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)29.9 (6.7)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 91)12.8 (0.7)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 91)89.2 (4.0)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 89)13.0 (0.9)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (22.2)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.25 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.0 (8.2)
24–30 weeks of gestation
N73
Gestational age (weeks)26.6 (1.9)
Body mass indexa, (kg/m2)31.8 (5.9)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (n = 69)11.8 (0.8)
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) (n = 69)91.2 (4.6)
Red cell distribution width (%) (n = 69)13.3 (0.7)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)111.2 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.10 (0.3)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)99.6 (8.5)
Postpartum
N42
Time postpartum (weeks)10.2 (4.5)
Breastfeeding status
 Exclusively breastfeeding19 (47.5%)
 Breastfeeding and formula feeding14 (35.0%)
 Formula feeding only7 (17.5%)
Body Mass Indexa, (kg/m2)30.0 (6.1)
Mean OGTT glucose (mg/dL)105.1 (19.0)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)5.28 (0.2)
Hemoglobin A1C-estimated average glucose (mg/dL)104.9 (6.9)

aBody mass index was calculated from height measured at the 1st visit, and weight measured at each visit.

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