Type and number of PK–PD indices determined in clinical PK–PD studies, by antimicrobial class
| Antimicrobial class . | No. of studies . | No. of studies (%) that calculated some form of: . | Other PK–PD indices (no. of studies) . | ≥2 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥3 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥4 indices, no. of studies (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmax/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmin/measure of microbial susceptibility . | T>measure of microbial susceptibility . | ||||||
| Aminoglycoside | 16 | 10 (63) | 13 (81) | 2 (13) | 3 (19) | pre-dialysis concentration/MIC (1), average concentration/MIC (1), intensity index (1) | 10 (63) | 5 (31) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic lipopeptide | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic peptide/ polymyxin | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | none | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Echinocandin (antifungal) | 5 | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Glycopeptide | 12 | 9 (75) | 1 (8) | 4 (33) | 3 (25) | none | 4 (33) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Ketolide | 4 | 4 (100) | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Macrolide | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Oxazolidinone | 3 | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (67) | concentration/MBC (1) | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Polyene (antifungal) | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Quinolone | 21 | 20 (95) | 11 (52) | 3 (14) | 6 (29) | concentration/MIC (1) | 11 (52) | 6 (29) | 3 (14) |
| Tetracycline | 7 | 6 (86) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | concentration/MIC (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Triazole (antifungal) | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | Cavg/MIC (1) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
| β-Lactam | 20 | 10 (50) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | 19 (95) | free concentration at steady-state/MIC (1), AUC above MIC (1) | 11 (55) | 8 (40) | 3 (15) |
| Total | 97 | 73 (75) | 40 (41) | 16 (16) | 35 (36) | 45 (46) | 23 (24) | 7 (7) | |
| Antimicrobial class . | No. of studies . | No. of studies (%) that calculated some form of: . | Other PK–PD indices (no. of studies) . | ≥2 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥3 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥4 indices, no. of studies (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmax/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmin/measure of microbial susceptibility . | T>measure of microbial susceptibility . | ||||||
| Aminoglycoside | 16 | 10 (63) | 13 (81) | 2 (13) | 3 (19) | pre-dialysis concentration/MIC (1), average concentration/MIC (1), intensity index (1) | 10 (63) | 5 (31) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic lipopeptide | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic peptide/ polymyxin | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | none | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Echinocandin (antifungal) | 5 | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Glycopeptide | 12 | 9 (75) | 1 (8) | 4 (33) | 3 (25) | none | 4 (33) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Ketolide | 4 | 4 (100) | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Macrolide | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Oxazolidinone | 3 | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (67) | concentration/MBC (1) | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Polyene (antifungal) | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Quinolone | 21 | 20 (95) | 11 (52) | 3 (14) | 6 (29) | concentration/MIC (1) | 11 (52) | 6 (29) | 3 (14) |
| Tetracycline | 7 | 6 (86) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | concentration/MIC (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Triazole (antifungal) | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | Cavg/MIC (1) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
| β-Lactam | 20 | 10 (50) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | 19 (95) | free concentration at steady-state/MIC (1), AUC above MIC (1) | 11 (55) | 8 (40) | 3 (15) |
| Total | 97 | 73 (75) | 40 (41) | 16 (16) | 35 (36) | 45 (46) | 23 (24) | 7 (7) | |
Cavg, average concentration.
Type and number of PK–PD indices determined in clinical PK–PD studies, by antimicrobial class
| Antimicrobial class . | No. of studies . | No. of studies (%) that calculated some form of: . | Other PK–PD indices (no. of studies) . | ≥2 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥3 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥4 indices, no. of studies (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmax/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmin/measure of microbial susceptibility . | T>measure of microbial susceptibility . | ||||||
| Aminoglycoside | 16 | 10 (63) | 13 (81) | 2 (13) | 3 (19) | pre-dialysis concentration/MIC (1), average concentration/MIC (1), intensity index (1) | 10 (63) | 5 (31) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic lipopeptide | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic peptide/ polymyxin | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | none | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Echinocandin (antifungal) | 5 | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Glycopeptide | 12 | 9 (75) | 1 (8) | 4 (33) | 3 (25) | none | 4 (33) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Ketolide | 4 | 4 (100) | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Macrolide | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Oxazolidinone | 3 | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (67) | concentration/MBC (1) | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Polyene (antifungal) | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Quinolone | 21 | 20 (95) | 11 (52) | 3 (14) | 6 (29) | concentration/MIC (1) | 11 (52) | 6 (29) | 3 (14) |
| Tetracycline | 7 | 6 (86) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | concentration/MIC (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Triazole (antifungal) | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | Cavg/MIC (1) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
| β-Lactam | 20 | 10 (50) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | 19 (95) | free concentration at steady-state/MIC (1), AUC above MIC (1) | 11 (55) | 8 (40) | 3 (15) |
| Total | 97 | 73 (75) | 40 (41) | 16 (16) | 35 (36) | 45 (46) | 23 (24) | 7 (7) | |
| Antimicrobial class . | No. of studies . | No. of studies (%) that calculated some form of: . | Other PK–PD indices (no. of studies) . | ≥2 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥3 indices, no. of studies (%) . | ≥4 indices, no. of studies (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmax/measure of microbial susceptibility . | Cmin/measure of microbial susceptibility . | T>measure of microbial susceptibility . | ||||||
| Aminoglycoside | 16 | 10 (63) | 13 (81) | 2 (13) | 3 (19) | pre-dialysis concentration/MIC (1), average concentration/MIC (1), intensity index (1) | 10 (63) | 5 (31) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic lipopeptide | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Cyclic peptide/ polymyxin | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | none | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Echinocandin (antifungal) | 5 | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Glycopeptide | 12 | 9 (75) | 1 (8) | 4 (33) | 3 (25) | none | 4 (33) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Ketolide | 4 | 4 (100) | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Macrolide | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Oxazolidinone | 3 | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (67) | concentration/MBC (1) | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Polyene (antifungal) | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | none | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Quinolone | 21 | 20 (95) | 11 (52) | 3 (14) | 6 (29) | concentration/MIC (1) | 11 (52) | 6 (29) | 3 (14) |
| Tetracycline | 7 | 6 (86) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | concentration/MIC (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Triazole (antifungal) | 3 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | Cavg/MIC (1) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
| β-Lactam | 20 | 10 (50) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | 19 (95) | free concentration at steady-state/MIC (1), AUC above MIC (1) | 11 (55) | 8 (40) | 3 (15) |
| Total | 97 | 73 (75) | 40 (41) | 16 (16) | 35 (36) | 45 (46) | 23 (24) | 7 (7) | |
Cavg, average concentration.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
